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Magnesium and its alloys show strong mechanical anisotropy due to their hexagonal close-packed structure. This paper processed ambient extrusion and subsequent annealing on AZ31 magnesium alloy bars to investigate the effect of working hardening and texture weakening on yield anisotropy of magnesium alloy. After ambient extrusion, yield strength on different loading direction are improved due to working hardening. ED-yield strength has the highest increment because work hardening has a higher effect on prismatic slip. Then, yield anisotropy becomes stronger with the increase of extrusion train. During annealing, static recrystallization occurs firstly in {101‾1} twinning zones and producing recrystallized grains with random orientation. With the growth of recrystallized grains, basal fiber texture is weakened gradually. Such weak basal texture can promote the activation of basal slip when loading along ED, so ED-yield strength shows a high decrement. On this way, the yield anisotropy in AZ31 magnesium alloy bars is weakened through ambient extrusion and subsequent annealing.

Background: The reportedly high mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may be attributed to the absence of histone protection and complete repair mechanisms. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy refers to the coexistence of wild-type and mutant mtDNA. Most healthy individuals carry a low point mutation load (

Abstract In underwater acoustic communication (UWA), there is a significant presence of multipath and Doppler spread. The integration of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with index modulation (IM), utilizing subcarrier index modulation to enhance system performance underwater, has garnered considerable interest from researchers. Multiple mode modulation can enhance utilization by transmitting symbols of different modes on different subcarriers. Inspired by the concepts of index modulation and multiple mode modulation, this paper proposes a method that combines multiple mode indexing with the filter bank multicarrier system (MM-FBMC-IM), enabling the transmission of different modulation orders on each subcarrier to increase system flexibility. Simulations demonstrate that under the same spectral efficiency, multiple mode indexing FBMC offers superior bit error rate (BER) performance compared to conventional FBMC and index modulation FBMC.

Abstract Mapping neuronal networks is a central focus in neuroscience. While volume electron microscopy (vEM) can reveal the fine structure of neuronal networks (connectomics), it does not provide molecular information to identify cell types or functions. We developed an approach that uses fluorescent single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) to perform multiplexed detergent-free immunolabeling and volumetric-correlated-light-and-electron-microscopy on the same sample. We generated eight fluorescent scFvs targeting brain markers. Six fluorescent probes were imaged in the cerebellum of a female mouse, using confocal microscopy with spectral unmixing, followed by vEM of the same sample. The results provide excellent ultrastructure superimposed with multiple fluorescence channels. Using this approach, we documented a poorly described cell type, two types of mossy fiber terminals, and the subcellular localization of one type of ion channel. Because scFvs can be derived from existing monoclonal antibodies, hundreds of such probes can be generated to enable molecular overlays for connectomic studies.

Abstract Background Whether programmed cell death-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade-based neoadjuvant treatment may benefit locally advanced oncogene-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains controversial. This retrospective study was designed to observe the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 blockade plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy and corresponding tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with resectable oncogene-positive NSCLC. Methods Patients with potential resectable NSCLC harbouring oncogene alterations who had received neoadjuvant treatment were retrospectively recruited, and an oncogene-negative cohort of patients who received neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 blockade-based neoadjuvant treatment was reviewed for comparison during the same period. The primary aim was to observe the treatment efficacy and event-free survival (EFS) of these agents. Safety profile, molecular target, and immunologic factor data, including PD-L1 expression and tumour mutational burden (TMB), were also obtained. Results A total of 46 patients were recruited. Thirty-one of them harboured oncogene alterations, including EGFR, KRAS, ERBB2, ROS1, MET, RET, ALK, and FGFR3 alterations. Among the oncogene-positive patients, 18 patients received neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 blockade immunotherapy plus chemotherapy (oncogene-positive IO group), 13 patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or corresponding TKIs or TKIs alone (oncogene-positive chemo/TKIs group), and the other 15 patients were oncogene negative and received neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 blockade plus chemotherapy (oncogene-negative IO group). The pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR) rates were 22.2% (4 of 18) and 44.4% (8 of 18) in the oncogene-positive IO group, 0% (P = 0.120) and 23.1% (3 of 13) (P = 0.276) in the oncogene-positive chemo/TKIs group, and 46.7% (7 of 15) (P = 0.163) and 80.0% (12 of 15) (P = 0.072) in the oncogene-negative IO group, respectively. By the last follow-up, the median EFS time had not reached in the oncogene-positive IO group, and was 29.5 months in the oncogene-positive chemo/TKIs group and 38.4 months in the oncogene-negative IO group. Conclusion Compared with chemotherapy/TKIs treatment, neoadjuvant treatment with PD-(L)1 blockade plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with higher pCR/MPR rates in patients with partially resectable oncogene-mutant NSCLC, while the pCR/MPR rates were lower than their oncogene-negative counterparts treated with PD-(L)1 blockade-based treatment. Specifically, oncogene alteration types and other predictors of response to immunotherapy should be taken into account in clinical practice.

Abstract Background Octamer-binding transcription factor 4-positive circulating tumor cell (OCT4+CTC) exhibits high stemness and invasive potential, which may influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of OCT4+CTC in advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients who received ICI treatment. Methods In total, 40 advanced CCA patients who received ICI treatment were included, and CTC and OCT4 counts were detected via a Canpatrol system and an RNA in situ hybridization method before ICI treatment. Patients were subsequently divided into none CTC, OCT4−CTC, and OCT4+CTC groups. Patients were followed up for a median of 10.4 months. Results The percentages of patients in none CTC, OCT4−CTC, and OCT4+CTC groups were 25.0%, 30.0%, and 45.0%, respectively. The proportion of patients with lymph node metastasis was highest in OCT4+CTC group, followed by none CTC group, and lowest in OCT4−CTC group (P = 0.025). The objective response rate (ORR) was lowest in OCT4+CTC group, moderate in OCT4−CTC group, and highest in none CTC group (P = 0.009), while disease control rate was not different among three groups (P = 0.293). In addition, progression-free survival (PFS) (P

Introduction Patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) are recommended to be treated with non-selective beta-blockers (ie, carvedilol) to prevent the first hepatic decompensation event by the renewing Baveno VII consensus. CSPH is defined by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG)≥10 mm Hg; however, the HVPG measurement is not widely adopted due to its invasiveness. Liver stiffness (LS)≥25 kPa can be used as a surrogate of HVPG≥10 mm Hg to rule in CSPH with 90% of the positive predicting value in majority aetiologies of patients. A compelling argument is existing for using LS≥25 kPa to diagnose CSPH and then to initiate carvedilol in patients with compensated cirrhosis, and about 5%–6% of patients under this diagnosis criteria may not be benefited from carvedilol and are at risk of lower heart rate and mean arterial pressure. Randomised controlled trial on the use of carvedilol to prevent liver decompensation in CSPH diagnosed by LS remains to elucidate. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if compensated cirrhosis patients with LS≥25 kPa may benefit from carvedilol therapy.Methods and analysis This study is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. We will randomly assign 446 adult compensated cirrhosis patients with LS≥25 kPa and without any previous decompensated event and without high-risk gastro-oesophageal varices. Patients are randomly divided into two groups, with 223 subjects in group A and 223 subjects in group B. Group A is a carvedilol intervention group, while group B is a placebo group. All patients in both groups will receive aetiology therapies and are followed up at an interval of 6 months. The 3-year incidences of decompensated events of cirrhosis-related and liver-related death are the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes include development of each complication of portal hypertension individually (ascites, variceal bleeding or overt hepatic encephalopathy), development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and other bacterial infections, development of new varices, growth of small varices to large varices, delta changes in LS and spleen stiffness, change in hepatic dysfunction assessed by Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease score, change in platelet count, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, development of portal vein thrombosis and adverse events with a 3-year follow-up. A predefined interim analysis will be performed to ensure that the calculation is reasonable.Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the ethics committees of the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang (2023-05-003-01) and independent ethics committee for clinical research of Zhongda Hospital, affiliated to Southeast University (2023ZDSYLL433-P01). The results from this trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at international conferences.Trial registration number ChiCTR2300073864.

Abstract Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in most biological processes. The binding interfaces between interacting proteins impose evolutionary constraints that have successfully been employed to predict PPIs from multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). To construct MSAs, critical choices have to be made: how to ensure the reliable identification of orthologs, and how to optimally balance the need for large alignments versus sufficient alignment quality. Here, we propose a divide-and-conquer strategy for MSA generation: instead of building a single, large alignment for each protein, multiple distinct alignments are constructed under distinct clades in the tree of life. Coevolutionary signals are searched separately within these clades, and are only subsequently integrated using machine learning techniques. We find that this strategy markedly improves overall prediction performance, concomitant with better alignment quality. Using the popular DCA algorithm to systematically search pairs of such alignments, a genome-wide all-against-all interaction scan in a bacterial genome is demonstrated. Given the recent successes of AlphaFold in predicting direct PPIs at atomic detail, a discover-and-refine approach is proposed: our method could provide a fast and accurate strategy for pre-screening the entire genome, submitting to AlphaFold only promising interaction candidates—thus reducing false positives as well as computation time.

In the context of smart agriculture, accurately estimating plant leaf chemical parameters is crucial for optimizing crop management and improving agricultural yield. Hyperspectral imaging, with its ability to capture detailed spectral information across various wavelengths, has emerged as a powerful tool in this regard. However, the complex and high-dimensional nature of hyperspectral data poses significant challenges in extracting meaningful features for precise estimation. To address this challenge, this study proposes an end-to-end estimation network for multiple chemical parameters of Astragalus leaves based on attention mechanism (AM) and multivariate hyperspectral features (AM-MHENet). We leverage HybridSN and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to extract prominent features from the hyperspectral data of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (AMM) leaves and stems, as well as the surface and deep soil surrounding AMM roots. This methodology allows us to capture the most significant characteristics present in these hyperspectral data with high precision. The AM is subsequently used to assign weights and integrate the hyperspectral features extracted from different parts of the AMM. The MLP is then employed to simultaneously estimate the chlorophyll content (CC) and nitrogen content (NC) of AMM leaves. Compared with estimation networks that utilize only hyperspectral data from AMM leaves as input, our proposed end-to-end AM-MHENet demonstrates superior estimation performance. Specifically, AM-MHENet achieves an R2 of 0.983, an RMSE of 0.73, an MAE of 0.49, and an RPD of 7.63 for the estimation of CC in AMM leaves. For NC estimation, AM-MHENet achieves an R2 value of 0.977, an RMSE of 0.27, an MAE of 0.16, and an RPD of 6.62. These results underscore AM-MHENet’s effectiveness in significantly enhancing the accuracy of both CC and NC estimation in AMM leaves. Moreover, these findings indirectly suggest a strong correlation between the development of AMM leaves and stems, as well as the surface and deep soil surrounding the roots of AMM, and directly highlight the ability of AM to effectively focus on the relevant spectral features within the hyperspectral data. The findings from this study could offer valuable insights into the simultaneous estimation of multiple chemical parameters in plants, thereby making a contribution to the existing body of research in this field.

A database of 195 field records of long-term settlement of high-rise buildings in Shanghai soft coastal clays is presented. The collected field records are divided into two categories based on pile type, i.e., bored pile and precast pile. Based on the settlement recorders collected, the long-term settlement behavior and settlement duration of the pile foundations in soft coastal clays are investigated. The statistical results show that the pile foundation in Shanghai soft coastal clays can be divided into three kinds of site conditions by considering the pile length and variation of long-term deformation behavior. Prediction models based on the power function are proposed to calculate the normalized final settlement for both bored pile and precast pile foundations. Based on the statistical results, the average normalized final settlement (settlement per floor), average settlement ratio (final settlement to the settlement when the superstructure is completed), and average settlement duration in the three site conditions for both bored pile and precast pile foundations are given. Additionally, an exponential settlement prediction model that can accurately forecast the entire settlement and post-construction settlement characteristics of buildings in Shanghai’s soft soil area is proposed. These statistical results can be referred to the preliminary foundation design works, which contribute to the quick evaluation of the possible settlement range, settlement ratio, and settlement duration of the proposed building constructed in the soft coastal clay area in Shanghai.

The senile patients with lung cancer are more likely to be complicated with pneumonia, atelectasis and even respiratory failure after operation. The perioperative airway management is closely related to the postoperative pulmonary complications, and high-quality airway management helps to improve the recovery of postoperative pulmonary function and quality of life. This article reviews the contents and progress of airway management in elderly patients with lung cancer in recent years, in order to provide reference for clinical medical workers to carry out airway management in perioperative period. (老年肺癌患者术后易发生肺炎、肺不张甚至呼吸衰竭等并发症。围手术期的呼吸道管理与术后肺部并发症的发生密切相关, 优质的呼吸道管理措施有助于提高患者生活质量, 改善患者术后肺功能。本研究对近年来我国老年肺癌患者围手术期呼吸道管理的内容及进展进行了综述, 旨在为临床医务工作者开展老年肺癌患者围手术期呼吸道管理工作提供参考。)

Abstract Background DARS2 expression is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) which correlates with tumor patient stage and prognosis. The mechanism of DARS2 involvement in LUAD still needs to be further explored. Methods In this study, we found that DARS2 expression in LUAD tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue. At the same time, the Kaplan–Meier curve showed that the survival prognosis of LUAD patients with high expression of DARS2 was significantly worse than low expression of DARS2. The expression of DARS2 was detected in LUAD and adjacent normal tissues by IHC staining, histochemical scoring and a survival curve was generated. In addition, we demonstrated that the knockdown and overexpression of DARS2 significantly affected the proliferation, invasion, and migration of LUAD cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, western blot and rescue assay were performed on LUAD cells to further explore and verify the signaling pathway. Results DARS2 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines. What is more, the increased expression of DARS2 was closely related to proliferation, invasion and metastasis. The tumorigenic assay in nude mice further showed that the tumorigenic ability of nude mice was significantly improved with the increase in DARS2 expression. Finally, we determined that DARS2 plays its role in LUAD by targeting the ERK/c‐Myc signaling pathway. Conclusion Our data revealed the oncogenic role of DARS2 in LUAD, indicating that DARS2 may be a predictive biomarker and novel therapeutic target for LUAD.

Characterized by long spans, low aspect ratios, and intricate construction sequences, super-large cross-section tunnels present substantial construction risks. Therefore, the selection of the optimal excavation method and construction sequence is crucial for ensuring the safety of tunnel construction and minimizing project costs. This paper takes a super large transverse-section highway tunnel as a case study, employing field monitoring data combined with ABAQUS software to analyze the stress and deformation of surrounding rock and support structures under different excavation methods. The findings reveal that the deformation of surrounding rock and support structures excavated by the Double-Side Drift Method is smaller than those caused by the three-benching seven-step method and the CRD excavation method. Nevertheless, the significant stresses of surrounding rock and support structures are released by the Double-Side Drift Method, leading to potential stress concentrations. Thus, it is necessary to ensure the rapid completion of early support and quick sealing of the tunnel. Furthermore, the sixth process achieves smaller deformation (including arch displacement and surface settlement) of the tunnel, a shorter construction period, and lower economic costs when compared to other construction processes. Consequently, it can obviously be concluded that both the Double-Side Drift Method and the sixth construction process stand out as the most appropriate choices for excavating super large cross-section tunnels. The insights obtained from this study provide theoretical guidance for the design and construction of similar tunnel projects.

The zoning excavation method is fully employed to control the deformation of foundation pits constructed in urban soft soil areas. However, the similarities and differences in forces and deformations between foundation pits excavated by the zonal method and those excavated by the conventional method still need to be further explored. In this study, the deformation was monitored and analyzed by taking the zonal excavation of a foundation pit of the ‘New World’ project in Hangzhou City as the research object. The measured results showed that the pre-built diaphragm wall for the first excavated foundation pit restricted the deformation of the first excavated diaphragm wall. The presence of extensive construction and unloading activities also changed the deformation pattern of the soil. Further, finite element simulations were carried out. The simulation results revealed that excavating the foundation pit first caused displacements in the pre-built diaphragm wall. The displacements transmitted by non-adjacent pits through the pre-built diaphragm wall were small and were concentrated at the junction of the two sub-pits. Adjacent foundation pits caused large displacements of the pre-built diaphragm wall with similar displacement patterns. The results of the study can provide effective guidance for foundation pit excavation in soft soil areas in the future.

In order to solve the problem of image quality and morphological characteristics of primary underglaze brown decorative pattern extraction, this paper proposes a method of primary underglaze brown decorative pattern extraction based on the coupling of single scale gamma correction and gray sharpening. The single-scale gamma correction is combined with the gray sharpening method. The single-scale gamma correction improves the contrast and brightness of the image by nonlinear transformation, but may lead to the loss of image detail. Gray sharpening can enhance the high frequency component and improve the clarity of the image, but it will introduce noise. Combining these two technologies can compensate for their shortcomings. The experimental results show that this method can improve the efficiency of last element underglaze brown decorative pattern extraction by enhancing the image retention detail and reducing the influence of noise. The experimental results showed that F1Score, Miou(%), Recall, Precision and Accuracy(%) were 0.92745, 0.82253, 0.97942, 0.92458 and 0.92745, respectively.

Transitioning to low-carbon energy is key for reaching carbon neutrality and modernizing our energy systems, but it presents significant cost-related challenges for energy businesses. To foster optimal outcomes, this paper develops a game model including power generators, high-energy businesses, and consumers in the carbon trading framework. The model explores how different entities evolve their low-carbon strategies under social learning influence to optimize utility. Stability analysis of strategy and simulation experiments reveal the following findings: (1) Greater carbon quotas reduce power generators' low-carbon transition willingness while high-energy-consuming enterprises and consumers remain unchanged. (2) Higher prices for low-carbon products offered by high-energy-consuming enterprises boost low-carbon transition motivation across all parties. (3) Increased green premiums enhance revenue for all parties but are constrained by policy and carbon pricing. (4) Both direct and indirect increases in carbon emissions negatively impact the revenue and utility for all stakeholders. (5) Increasing social learning effect fosters a shift towards low-carbon strategies, accelerating the attainment of game equilibrium, and enhancing market stability and sustainability. This research provides decision support for carbon trading policy design and low-carbon transition of energy enterprises.

To extend the service life of 316L stainless steel components in harsh environments, this study utilized laser cladding technology to enhance the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the 316L stainless steel surface. Nickel-based and cobalt-based cladding layers were prepared on the surface of the 316L stainless steel, and the microstructure and phases of the layers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, the hardness of the substrate and the cladding layers was tested with a microhardness tester, the frictional wear performance was tested with a pin on disc wear tester, and the corrosion resistance was tested with an electrochemical workstation. The experimental results indicate that the nickel-based cladding layer primarily comprises the γ-(Fe, Ni), Cr7C3, and Ni3Si phases, with equiaxed and dendritic grains being the predominant morphologies. By contrast, the cobalt-based cladding layer mainly comprises the γ-Co, Cr7C3, and Co7W6 phases, with columnar and dendritic grains being the predominant morphologies. Both cladding layers displayed a significantly better microhardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance than the substrate. Between the two cladding layers, the nickel-based cladding layer demonstrated a superior microhardness, whereas the cobalt-based cladding layer slightly outperformed in wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The findings from our results are important for understanding the performance of laser-cladding layers and laying a scientific basis for the promotion and optimization of laser cladding technology in industrial applications. Moreover, our results showed that laser cladding technology is increasingly important in extending the service life of components and improving the material performance.

A concrete production system (CPS) fault in dam engineering is one of the important factors influencing dam construction quality, which may directly affect the concrete-pouring construction progress and construction efficiency of the dam, and can even cause construction quality defects in the dam body. Reasonable classification and identification are of great significance to ensure the construction progress and quality of concrete dams. In this study, based on the concrete production logs of multiple concrete dams and literature reviews, a fault classification system for a CPS is proposed by comprehensively considering its mechanical structure characteristics and operating characteristics. The faults of the CPS are divided into 4 large categories and 22 subcategories. Additionally, the causes of CPS faults are summarized as human factors, environmental factors, mechanical component service life factors, and other factors. Based on the grey correlation analysis (GCA) method, a fault identification model of the CPS is established. With the actual production system fault statistical data of Shatuo hydropower station, the correlation coefficients for the four types of faults and the four influencing factors are calculated to determine the key faults of the CPS. The research results of the case study show that the service life factors of mechanical components have the greatest impact on batching metering system faults and mixer faults, with high grey correlation degrees of 84.66% and 76.85%, respectively. Environmental factors have the greatest impact on material delivery system faults and pneumatic system faults, with high grey correlation degrees of 90.81% and 94.9%, respectively. This paper provides theoretical support for the realization of fault pattern recognition of CPSs and provides a guiding reference for targeted fault handling.

AbstractAim The use of magnetic carbon nanotubes for multi-modal cancer treatment, incorporating both hyperthermia and drug delivery functions, has drawn substantial interest. Yet, the present method of regulating hyperthermia temperature involves manually adjusting the magnetic field intensity, adding to the complexity and difficulty of clinical applications. This study seeks to design novel magnetic carbon nanotubes capable of self-temperature regulation, and investigate their drug loading and release characteristics.Methods Using the co-precipitation method, we synthesized magnetic carbon nanotubes with a Curie temperature of 43 °C. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to analyze their morphology, crystal structure, and magnetic characteristics. To enhance their functionality, chitosan and sodium alginate modifications were introduced, enabling the loading of the antitumor drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) into these magnetic carbon nanotubes. Subsequently, the loading and release properties of DOX were investigated within the modified magnetic nanotubes.Results Under alternating magnetic field, magnetic carbon nanotubes exhibit self-regulating properties by undergoing a magnetic phase transition, maintaining temperatures around 43 °C as required for hyperthermia. On the other hand, during magnetic induction heating, the release percentage of DOX reached 23.5% within 2 h and 71.7% within 70 h at tumor pH conditions, indicating their potential for sustained drug release.Conclusions The prepared magnetic carbon nanotubes can effectively regulate the temperature during hyperthermia treatment while ensuring controlled drug release, which presents a promising method for preparing nanomaterials that synergistically enhance magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy drugs.

BackgroundIn the context of improving urban environment for healthy aging, it is necessary to rationally plan and provide community living space and public service facilities suitable for the elderly, and constantly optimize the built environment towards an age-friendly city.ObjectiveTo understand the relationship between community built environment and obesity in the elderly in Longgang City, and to provide a reference basis for improving the health of the elderly.MethodsElderly adults aged 60-90 years (n=6527) who completed a physical examination during the period from October 2020 to January 2021 in Longgang City were surveyed, and data on height and weight, waist circumference (WC), and other sociological demographic characteristics were obtained. Overweight was determined by 24 kg·m−2 ≤ body mass index (BMI) < 28 kg·m−2 and obesity by BMI ≥ 28 kg·m−2. Men with WC ≥ 85 cm and women with WC ≥ 80 cm were considered central obesity. Based on the participants' residential addresses, geocoding was performed using a geographic information system, and built environment indicators such as restaurants, convenience stores, and basic medical facilities were obtained using Gaode Map. A binary logistic regression model with adjusted individual-level covariates was used to evaluate the relationship between obesity and built environment indicators among elderly adults by gender and age.ResultsAmong the 6527 community elderly, 46.93% were male and 53.07% were female, with a mean age of (73.69±0.07) years, a mean BMI of (24.32±2.84) kg·m−2, and 51.92% of the elderly were overweight or obese. The regression results showed that for elderly men, the more convenience stores and the higher mixed land use in residential areas, the higher risk of central obesity; however, the increases in street connectivity and accessibility to parks and recreational areas were associated a decreased risk of central obesity. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher among elderly women with more convenience stores in residential areas, while increased street connectivity was associated with a lower prevalence of central obesity among elderly women. Accessibility to primary health care facilities was negatively associated with the risk of central obesity among the 60- to 70-year-olds. For elderly residents aged 71−80 years, higher mixed land use and better accessibility to transit stations were associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, while street connectivity was negatively associated with the central obesity. Proximity to parks and recreational areas was associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity among the 81- to 90-year-olds.ConclusionAmong the variables of a 500-m neighborhood built environment, the number of convenience stores, mixed land use, street connectivity, accessibility to primary health care facilities, accessibility to public transit stations, and accessibility to parks and recreational areas are correlated with obesity among elderly residents, and the degree of influence varies by gender and age.

This paper summarized the nursing experience of an elderly patient who underwent pulmonary lobectomy after esophageal cancer surgery. Given the age of the patient, preoperative nursing intervention were carried out to reduce the risks of the treatment. Key issues of postoperative nursing included prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation, targeted interventions on hemorrhage, thrombosis, stress gastric ulcer and other compilations, early rehabilitation exercise. (本文总结1例食管癌术后老年患者行肺叶切除手术的护理经验。患者为老年特殊人群, 基于患者实际情况, 做好术前护理, 同时积极防治术后房颤, 确保患者生命安全的同时, 针对性预防出血、血栓、应激性胃溃疡等并发症, 辅助患者早期下床活动, 促进早日康复。)

IntroductionSpiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by biological neural networks, have received a surge of interest due to its temporal encoding. Biological neural networks are driven by multiple plasticities, including spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), structural plasticity, and homeostatic plasticity, making network connection patterns and weights to change continuously during the lifecycle. However, it is unclear how these plasticities interact to shape neural networks and affect neural signal processing.MethodHere, we propose a reward-modulated self-organization recurrent network with structural plasticity (RSRN-SP) to investigate this issue. Specifically, RSRN-SP uses spikes to encode information, and incorporate multiple plasticities including reward-modulated spike timing-dependent plasticity (R-STDP), homeostatic plasticity, and structural plasticity. On the one hand, combined with homeostatic plasticity, R-STDP is presented to guide the updating of synaptic weights. On the other hand, structural plasticity is utilized to simulate the growth and pruning of synaptic connections.Results and discussionExtensive experiments for sequential learning tasks are conducted to demonstrate the representational ability of the RSRN-SP, including counting task, motion prediction, and motion generation. Furthermore, the simulations also indicate that the characteristics arose from the RSRN-SP are consistent with biological observations.

BackgroundA Suicide Screening Questionnaire-Observer Rating (SSQ-OR) has been used to assess risk of suicide among individuals and to help clinicians identify and rescue individuals attempting suicide. To prevent the risk of suicide in China, a Chinese language SSQ-OR (CL-SSQ-OR) needs to be introduced.ObjectiveTo test the validity and reliability of a CL-SSQ-OR.MethodA total of 250 individuals were enrolled in this study. Each completed a CL-SSQ-OR assessment, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was adopted to determine structural validity. Spearman correlation coefficients were adopted to determine criterion validity. An internal correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test inter-consistency and Cronbach’s α coefficient was used to test split-half reliability.ResultsCFA was conducted with use of the maximum variance method to evaluate the item results. All of the items received scores >0.40. In addition, good model fit indices were observed for the two-factor structure RMSEA = 0.046, TLI = 0.965, CFI = 0.977. The items’ factor loading of the CL-SSQ-OR in the first factor ranged from 0.443 to 0.878. The items’ factor loading of the CL-SSQ-OR in the second factor ranged from 0.400 to 0.810. The ICC of the total CL-SSQ-OR was 0.855. Cronbach’s α was 0.873.ConclusionThe CL-SSQ-OR described here demonstrates ideal psychometric properties and is found to be a suitable tool for screening Chinese children/adolescents who are at risk of suicide.

BackgroundPhthalates (PAEs) are important synthetic substances in plastics, attracting much attention due to their potential effects on the cardiovascular system.MethodsIn this study, urine and blood samples from 39 individuals were collected in Tianjin, China. Phthalates and phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), respectively. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from bisulfite-treated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) samples were analyzed using pyrosequencing technology.ResultsThe detection frequencies for 9 PAEs varied from 2.56 to 92.31%, and those for 10 mPAEs varied from 30.77 to 100%. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and cumulative risk of PAEs were calculated based on the experimental statistics of urinary PAEs and mPAEs. For PAEs, the HIRfD (hazard index corresponding to reference doses) values of 10.26% of participants and the HITDI (hazard index corresponding to tolerable daily intake) values of 30.77% of participants were estimated to exceed 1, suggesting a relatively high exposure risk. The mtDNA methylation levels in the MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5 were observed to be lower than in the MT-ATP6. Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) and MT-ATP8 were positively correlated with triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). Based on the association of PAEs, mtDNA methylation, and triglycerides, the mediating role of mtDNA methylation between PAEs and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) was analyzed in this study, but no mediated effect was observed.ConclusionThe effects of PAE exposure on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) should be investigated further.

Abstract Background There is a growing body of evidence from biological experiments suggesting that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant regulatory role in both diverse cellular activities and pathological processes. Exploring miRNA-disease associations not only can decipher pathogenic mechanisms but also provide treatment solutions for diseases. As it is inefficient to identify undiscovered relationships between diseases and miRNAs using biotechnology, an explosion of computational methods have been advanced. However, the prediction accuracy of existing models is hampered by the sparsity of known association network and single-category feature, which is hard to model the complicated relationships between diseases and miRNAs. Results In this study, we advance a new computational framework (GATMDA) to discover unknown miRNA-disease associations based on graph attention network with multi-source information, which effectively fuses linear and non-linear features. In our method, the linear features of diseases and miRNAs are constructed by disease-lncRNA correlation profiles and miRNA-lncRNA correlation profiles, respectively. Then, the graph attention network is employed to extract the non-linear features of diseases and miRNAs by aggregating information of each neighbor with different weights. Finally, the random forest algorithm is applied to infer the disease-miRNA correlation pairs through fusing linear and non-linear features of diseases and miRNAs. As a result, GATMDA achieves impressive performance: an average AUC of 0.9566 with five-fold cross validation, which is superior to other previous models. In addition, case studies conducted on breast cancer, colon cancer and lymphoma indicate that 50, 50 and 48 out of the top fifty prioritized candidates are verified by biological experiments. Conclusions The extensive experimental results justify the accuracy and utility of GATMDA and we could anticipate that it may regard as a utility tool for identifying unobserved disease-miRNA relationships.

A novel high-speed directly modulated two-section distributed-feedback (TS-DFB) semiconductor laser based on the detuned-loading effect is proposed and simulated. A grating structure is designed by the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) technique. A π phase shift is introduced into the reflection grating, which can provide a narrow-band reflection region with a sharp falling slope on both sides of the reflection spectrum, thus enhancing the detuned-loading effect. Owing to its unique dual-falling-edges structure, the bandwidth can be improved even when the lasing wavelength shifts beyond the left falling edge due to a thermal effect in the actual test, in which condition the detuned-loading effect can be used twice, which greatly improves the yield. The modulation bandwidth is increased from 17.5 GHz for a single DFB laser to around 24 GHz when the lasing wavelength is located on the left falling edge of the TS-DFB laser based on the detuned-loading effect, and it can be increased to 22 GHz for the right side. An eight-channel laser array with precise wavelength spacing is investigated, with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) >36 dB. In addition, TS-DFB lasers with uniform reflection gratings are studied, and simulated results show that the modulation characteristic is far inferior to the laser with a phase-shifted grating reflector.

Abstract This study aims to analysis the efficacy of the 3D printing percutaneous guide template in combination with the pointed lotus-style regulator in percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. 60 thoracolumbar fractures patients receiving percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) were enrolled and randomly divided into 3 groups. Patients in Group A received traditional PPSF, while patients in Group B received PPSF with flat end lotus-style regulator and patients in Group C received PPSF with pointed lotus-style regulator. The experimental results showed that the highest number of pedicle screw successfully inserted by the first time was in group C, while lowest in group A (P 0.05). Taken together, Application of the 3D printing guide template in combination with pointed lotus-style regulator improved the accuracy of pedicle insertion. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04980131. Registered 18/07/2021.

Hydrated salts phase change materials (PCMs) have a great potential for use in floor radiant heating considering outstanding cost competitiveness and remarkable energy storage density. However, their inappropriate phase change temperatures and the limited methods for temperature adjustment have hindered their widespread applications. Herein, using the formation of non-eutectic mixture to realize phase change temperature adjustment, a novel composite PCM used in the floor radiant heating was developed based on sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) as main PCM, glycine as temperature modifier and Na2HPO4·12H2O as nucleating agent. The temperature regulation mechanism was discussed and properties of the composite PCM were investigated. The results showed that glycine could regulate melting temperature of SAT from 48.34 to 58.38 °C, ascribing to the formation of hydrogen bond between them. Thereinto, the mixture containing 12% glycine melted at 48.62 °C with enthalpy of 258.5 J g−1, making it applicable to the floor radiant heating. With the addition of 0.5% Na2HPO4·12H2O, the crystallization behavior of the composite PCM was promoted with a low supercooling degree (3.62 °C). The composite PCM presented a melting temperature of 47.55 °C with enthalpy of 256.5 J g−1, good thermal stability and reliability, indicating that the material can be promisingly engineered into the floor radiant heating.

Biomass allocation strategies among geophytes and non-geophytes generally determine the ecological adaptation and impacts of herbaceous plants. Although geophytes and non-geophytes are key components of the biodiversity of subtropical forest ecosystems, strategies for biomass allocation of both remain unknown. In this study, 695 individual herbaceous plants were collected from low, middle, and high altitude regions in Qianjiangyuan National Park. We analyzed the biomass and allometric trajectories of the leaves, stems, roots, and underground storage organs of whole herbs, geophytes, and non-geophytes. The results showed that: (1) The overall allometric trajectory of understory herbs changed with increase in altitude. Allocation was reduced to stems and leaves and increased to roots. (2) In geophytes, the allocation was reduced to leaves and stems and increased to underground storage organs and roots, which follows the optimal partitioning theory. In the biomass trade-off of the aboveground parts, the stem is preferred. (3) However, the allometric trajectories of non-geophytes are less susceptible to changes in the altitude, and the biomass allocation strategy depends only on plant size which follows allometric partitioning theory. In the biomass trade-off of the aboveground parts, the leaves are preferred. Totally, geophytes and non-geophytes adopted different biomass allocation strategies as adaptations to altitudinal changes in the environment. The plant functional type is the major determinant of biomass allocation in herb species. This study has implications for the management practices of herbaceous plants and predicting changes in understory vegetation.

Abstract Brain pathological features during manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes in the same patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) have not been described precisely. The study aimed to investigate depressive and manic-phase-specific brain neural activity patterns of BPD in the same murine model to provide information guiding investigation of the mechanism of phase switching and tailored prevention and treatment for patients with BPD. In vivo two-photon imaging was used to observe brain activity alterations in the depressive and manic phases in the same murine model of BPD. Two-photon imaging showed significantly reduced Ca2+ activity in temporal cortex pyramidal neurons in the depression phase in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), but not in the manic phase in mice exposed to CUMS and ketamine. Total integrated calcium values correlated significantly with immobility times. Brain Ca2+ hypoactivity was observed in the depression and manic phases in the same mice exposed to CUMS and ketamine relative to naïve controls. The novel object recognition preference ratio correlated negatively with the immobility time in the depression phase and the total distance traveled in the manic phase. With recognition of its limitations, this study revealed brain neural activity impairment indicating that intrinsic emotional network disturbance is a mechanism of BPD and that brain neural activity is associated with cognitive impairment in the depressive and manic phases of this disorder. These findings are consistent with those from macro-imaging studies of patients with BPD. The observed correlation of brain neural activity with the severity of depressive, but not manic, symptoms need to be investigated further.

Liquid organic hydrogen storage with N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) as a carrier is a very promising method. The use of precious metal hydrogenation catalysts restricts the development in industrial grade. Efficient and low-cost hydrogen storage catalysts are essential for its application. In this work, a Ni-Mo alloy catalyst supported by commercial activated carbon was synthesized by impregnation method, and the Ni-Mo ratio and preparation conditions were optimized. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that the doping of Mo could dramatically promote the catalytic hydrogenation of N-ethylcarbazole by the Ni-based catalyst. More than 5.75 wt% hydrogenation could be achieved in 4 h using the Ni-Mo catalyst, and the selectivity of the fully hydrogenated product 12H-NEC could be effectively improved. This result reduces the cost of hydrogenation catalysts by more than 90% and makes liquid organic hydrogen storage a scaled possibility.

Background: N-Alpha-Acetyltransferase 50 (NAA50) has acetyltransferase activity and is important for chromosome segregation. However, the function and mechanism of NAA50 expression in cancer development was still unclear. Here, we systematically researched the function and mechanism of NAA50 in pan-cancer, and further verified the results of NAA50 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).Methods: In this study, using the online databases TIMER2.0, SangerBox3.0, HPA, UCSC, GEPIA, cBioPortal, UALCAN, TISIDB, CancerSEA and LinkedOmics, we focused on the relevance between NAA50 and oncogenesis, progression, methylation, immune infiltration, function and prognosis. In addition, the proliferation of cells was detected by CCK-8 and Edu assay. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between the expression of NAA50 and cell cycle related proteins.Results: Pan-cancer analysis indicated that NAA50 was overexpressed in most cancers. And there was a significant correlation between NAA50 expression and the prognosis of cancer patients. In the meantime, NAA50 gene changes occur in a variety of tumors. Compared with normal tissues, the methylation level of NAA50 promoter increased in most cancer tissues. In addition, the results exhibited that in most cancers, NAA50 was significantly positively correlated with bone myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) infiltration and negatively correlated with T cell NK infiltration. Moreover, functional enrichment indicated that NAA50 regulates cell cycle and proliferation in LUAD. In vitro experiments testified that knockout of NAA50 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of LUAD.Conclusion: NAA50 may be a potential biomarker and oncogene of pan-cancer, especially LUAD, which may promote the occurrence and development of tumors through different mechanisms. Furthermore, NAA50 was bound up with to immune cell infiltration in pan-cancer, meaning NAA50 may be an important therapeutic target for human cancers.

Introduction: ACT001 is widely used for the treatment of glioblastomas, breast cancers, and leukemic and the mechanism underlying the effect is anti-inflammatory. However, whether ACT001 has any effects on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not clear. Objectives: To investigate whether ACT001 helps to reduce mortality and pneumonedema after ARDS, and explore whether the mechanism is related to balance autophagy and inflammatory response. Methods: In this study, a rat model based on CLP was used to explore the potency of ACT001 in ARDS. The expression of the autophagy-related protein, lung injuries, cytokines, and inflammatory-related protein was assessed. Results: Compared with CLP group, ACT001 improved the survival rate, and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio. ACT001 activates autophagy, which is involved in the pathophysiologic process of sepsis, balancing the cytokine excessive release and lung injury in ARDS. Conclusion: ACT001 reduces mortality through improved autophagy and attenuates inflammation after ARDS.

Triclosan (TCS) is an endocrine disrupting chemical which is commonly used as a disinfectant in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP's). Since early 2020, the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has increased the use of PPCP's, so the occurrence and impact of TCS on freshwater lakes should be considered. However, little attention has been given to the effect of TCS on freshwater lakes in China. This study is the first attempt at a risk assessment focusing on the temporal and spatial occurrence of TCS in freshwater lakes in the middle Yangtze River basin. The surface water and sediments of Donghu Lake and Liangzi Lake (Wuhan, Central China) were collected from October 2020 to August 2021. The maximum concentrations of TCS were 466 ​ng/L and 239 ​ng/L in surface water, 71 ​ng/g and 25 ​ng/g (dry weight) in sediments of Donghu Lake and Liangzi Lake, respectively. Significant temporal and spatial differences of TCS were observed within and between the lakes, with the highest concentrations measured in winter. Furthermore, higher concentrations of TCS were observed in areas that are more impacted by human activities. There was a significant positive correlation between TCS and nitrogen in the surface water. A risk assessment using the risk quotient (RQ) method showed that a potentially high risk (RQ ​> ​1) was found only in surface waters from Donghu Lake, and that the sediments posed a lower risk than the surface waters. These results provide timely data on the temporal and spatial occurrence of TCS in freshwater lakes in China following the outbreak of COVID-19 and demonstrate a possible high risk of exposure to TCS for aquatic biota.

Although some epidemiological studies have identified the associations between exposure to organophosphate pesticides (Ops) and respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), controversial results still exist. In this review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the overall pooled effect estimates and the possible mechanisms of the relationship between OP exposure and adverse health outcomes. In this study, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, OVID, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched until September 2022. Nineteen observational studies that focused on the general population or occupational populations examined the associations between OP exposure and respiratory diseases, DM, and CVD were included. Based on the overall pooled results, a significantly positive association was observed between OP exposure and respiratory diseases (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06–1.19). A significant link was also observed between various individual species of OP exposure and respiratory diseases, with an OR value of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05–1.18). In particular, there was a significant association of OPs with wheezing and asthma, with OR values of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08–1.31) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05–1.22), respectively. In addition, a significant association was also observed between OP exposure and DM (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.29). However, no significant association was observed between OP exposure and CVD (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94–1.05). Exposure to OPs was associated with a significantly increased risk of respiratory diseases and DM, but there was no evidence of a significant association between OP exposure and CVD. Considering the moderate strength of the results, further evidence is needed to confirm these associations.

Abstract In recent years, the explosive development of artificial intelligence implementing by artificial neural networks (ANNs) creates inconceivable demands for computing hardware. However, conventional computing hardware based on electronic transistor and von Neumann architecture cannot satisfy such an inconceivable demand due to the unsustainability of Moore’s Law and the failure of Dennard’s scaling rules. Fortunately, analog optical computing offers an alternative way to release unprecedented computational capability to accelerate varies computing drained tasks. In this article, the challenges of the modern computing technologies and potential solutions are briefly explained in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the latest research progresses of analog optical computing are separated into three directions: vector/matrix manipulation, reservoir computing and photonic Ising machine. Each direction has been explicitly summarized and discussed. The last chapter explains the prospects and the new challenges of analog optical computing.

The technological innovation of horizontal drilling and high-volume hydraulic fracturing has promoted the development of unconventional natural gas (UNG) production worldwide, and hence has aroused public concern about the air pollution it may bring about. In this study, we have provided (1) an overview of the study on air pollutants from UNG emissions in the USA, focusing on both the air pollutant characterization and their related observation technologies/platforms; and (2) the potential air quality measurements of UNG development emerging in China. This study will provide useful information for Chinese environmental researchers and the local governments to deal with related air quality issues.

This study focuses on the components and levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (MPAHs and OPAHs) in plasma samples from 19 oil workers, pre- and post-workshift, and their exposure–response relationship with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation. PAH, MPAH, OPAH, and platelet mtDNA methylation levels were determined using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and a pyrosequencing protocol, respectively. The total plasma concentrations of PAHs in mean value were, respectively, 31.4 ng/mL and 48.6 ng/mL in pre- and post-workshift, and Phe was the most abundant (13.3 ng/mL in pre-workshift and 22.1 ng/mL in post-workshift, mean value). The mean values of total concentrations of MPAHs and OPAHs in the pre-workshift were 2.7 ng/mL and 7.2 ng/mL, while in the post-workshift, they were 4.5 ng/mL and 8.7 ng/mL, respectively. The differences in the mean MT-COX1, MT-COX2, and MT-COX3 methylation levels between pre- and post-workshift were 2.36%, 5.34%, and 0.56%. Significant (p < 0.05) exposure–response relationships were found between PAHs and mtDNA methylation in the plasma of workers; exposure to Anthracene (Ant) could induce the up-regulation of the methylation of MT-COX1 (β = 0.831, SD = 0.105, p < 0.05), and exposure to Fluorene (Flo) and Phenanthrene (Phe) could induce the up-regulation of methylation of MT-COX3 (β = 0.115, SD = 0.042, p < 0.05 and β = 0.036, SD = 0.015, p < 0.05, respectively). The results indicated that exposure to PAHs was an independent factor influencing mtDNA methylation.

Infrared (IR) and visible images are heterogeneous data, and their fusion is one of the important research contents in the remote sensing field. In the last decade, deep networks have been widely used in image fusion due to their ability to preserve high-level semantic information. However, due to the lower resolution of IR images, deep learning-based methods may not be able to retain the salient features of IR images. In this article, a novel IR and visible image fusion based on IR Features & Multiscale Dense Network (IR-MSDNet) is proposed to preserve the content and key target features from both visible and IR images in the fused image. It comprises an encoder, a multiscale decoder, a traditional processing unit, and a fused unit, and can capture incredibly rich background details in visible images and prominent target details in IR features. When the dense and multiscale features are fused, the background details are obtained by utilizing attention strategy, and then combined with complimentary edge features. While IR features are extracted by traditional quadtree decomposition and Bezier interpolation, and further intensified by refinement. Finally, both the decoded multiscale features and IR features are used to reconstruct the final fused image. Experimental evaluation with other state-of-the-art fusion methods validates the superiority of our proposed IR-MSDNet in both subjective and objective evaluation metrics. Additional objective evaluation conducted on the object detection (OD) task further verifies that the proposed IR-MSDNet has greatly enhanced the details in the fused images, which bring the best OD results.

Understanding the structure–function relationship in a neuronal network is one of the major challenges in neuroscience research. Despite increasing researches at circuit connectivity and neural network structure, their structure-based biological interpretability remains unclear. Based on the attractor theory, here we develop an analytical framework that links neural circuit structures and their functions together through fixed point attractor in Caenorhabditis elegans. In this framework, we successfully established the structural condition for the emergence of multiple fixed points in C. elegans connectome. Then we construct a finite state machine to explain how functions related to bistable phenomena at the neural activity and behavioral levels are encoded. By applying the proposed framework to the command circuit in C. elegans, we provide a circuit level interpretation for the forward-reverse switching behaviors. Interestingly, network properties of the command circuit and first layer amphid interneuron circuit can also be inferred from their functions in this framework. Our research indicates the reliability of the fixed point attractor bridging circuit structure and functions, suggesting its potential applicability to more complex neuronal circuits in other species.

Perovskite quantum-dots are promising candidates for light-emitting diodes but the defects limit the device performance. Here Xu et al. show a passivation strategy to reduce the defect density at both interfaces, which increases the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and lifetime by more than 2-fold and 20-fold, respectively.

Abstract Background The clinical success demonstrates the enormous potential of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Methods This article presented research linking gastric cancer to immune cells, based on RNA-seq data of Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and gene expression profile of GSE84437, 24 kinds of tumor-infiltrating immune cells were quantified by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Results Th2 cells, T helper cells, and Mast cells were identified as prognostic immune cells in both TCGA and GEO groups. Then SUPV3L1 and SLC22A17 were identified as hub genes which may affect immune cell infiltration by correlation analysis. Survival analysis further proved that hub genes and prognostic immune cells are associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer. In gastrointestinal tumors, hub genes and prognostic immune cells also found differences in non-tumor and tumor tissues. Conclusions We found that three immune cells infiltration are associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer and further identify two hub genes. These two key genes may affect immune cell infiltration, result in the different prognosis of patients.

Aluminum alloys have excellent properties such as low density and high strength-to-weight ratio. However, the negative standard electrode potential of aluminum leads to a more active chemical property and is prone to corrode; as a result, the poor corrosion resistance extremely limits the widespread application of aluminum. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve the poor corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys. The chromate passivation technology is one of the most effective and mature aluminum alloy surface treatment technologies, and even if the formed passivation film is very thin, it can still greatly enhance the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys and provide corrosion protection. However, Cr (VI) and its derivatives are highly toxic and carcinogenic, and they are harmful to the environment and the human body. As environmental awareness increases and the government strictly limits the use and emission of chromate, it is necessary to develop new treatments that are environmentally friendly and non-toxic to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys. The fabrication process of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) film is simple, and the morphology of the LDHs film can be controlled by adjusting the experimental parameters. The prepared LDHs film also has good corrosion resistance and anions exchange performance. Therefore, reports of in-situ growth LDHs film on the surface aluminum alloys have gradually increased in recent years. In this paper, we introduced a variety of methods for preparing LDHs film, such as ordinary hydrothermal, urea hydrolysis, and hexamethylenetetramine hydrolysis methods, and summarized the effects of different experimental conditions on the morphology and corrosion resistance of LDHs the films. Several commonly used modification methods and principles, such as the preparation of superhydrophobic films and self-healing films, were discussed in detail and the limitations of the current research were discussed. Finally, the focus of future research and development were described.

Remote sensing image scene classification has drawn significant attention for its potential applications in the economy and livelihoods. Unlike the traditional handcrafted features, the convolutional neural networks provide an excellent avenue in obtaining powerful discriminative features. Although tremendous efforts have been made so far in this domain, there are still many open challenges in scene classification due to the scene complexity with higher within-class diversity and between-class similarity. To solve the above-mentioned problems, DcapsulesNet (D-CapsNet) is proposed to learn the richer and more robust features for scene classification. It is an end to end network with four types of layers and incorporates visual attention mechanisms. Its diverse capsules encode different properties of complex image scenes, including deep high-level features, spatial attention based on the fusion of multilayers features, both spatial and channel attention based on high-level features, and their fusion. Experiments on three image scene datasets demonstrate that D-CapsNet outperforms other baselines and state-of-the-art methods with a significant improvement in both classification accuracy and speed.

Depressive disorders are a severe psychiatric and social problem that affect more than 4% of the global population. Depressive disorders have explicit hereditary characteristics; however, the precise driving genetic force behind these disorders has not yet been clearly illustrated. In the present study, we recruited a three-generation Chinese pedigree in which 5 of 17 members had long-term depression. We conducted whole-exome sequencing to identify the genetic mutation profiles of the family, and a list of susceptible genetic variations that were highly associated with depression onset was revealed via multiple omics analysis. In particular, a non-synonymous single nucleotide variation in the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) gene, rs2293239 (p.Asn725Ser), was identified as one of the major driving genetic forces for depression onset in the family. This variant causes an important conformational change in the transketolase domain of OGDHL, thus reducing its binding affinity with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate and eventually resulting in the abnormal accumulation of glutamate in the brain. Brain imaging analysis further linked the rs2293239 variant with an enlarged amygdala and cerebellum in depressive family members. In summary, the present study enhances the current genetic understanding of depressive disorders. It also provides new options for prioritizing better clinical therapeutic regimens, as well as identifying a new protein target for the design of highly specific drugs to treat depressive disorders.

Background: In the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (BP), antidepressant-induced mania is usually observed. The rate of phase switching (from depressive to manic) in these patients exceeds 22%. The exploration of brain activity patterns during an antidepressant-induced manic phase may aid the development of strategies to reduce the phase-switching rate. The use of a murine model to explore brain activity patterns in depressive and manic phases can help us to understandthe pathological features of BP. The novel object recognition preference ratio is used to assess cognitive ability in such models.Objective: To investigate brain Ca2+ activity and behavioral expression in the depressive and manic phases in the same murine model, to aid understanding of brain activity patterns in phase switching in BP.Methods: In vivo two-photon imaging was used to observe brain activity alterations in a murine model in which induce depressive-like and manic-like behaviors were induced sequentially. The immobility time was used to assess depressive-like symptoms and the total distance traveled was used to assess manic-like symptoms.Results: In vivo two-photon imaging revealed significantly reduced brain Ca2+ activity in temporal cortex pyramidal neurons in the depressive phase in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress compared with naïve controls. The brain Ca2+ activity correlated negatively with the novel object recognition preference ratio within the immobility time. Significantly increased brain Ca2+ activity was observed in the ketamine-induced manic phase. However, this activity did not correlate with the total distance traveled. The novel object recognition preference ratio correlated negatively with the total distance traveled in the manic phase.

Iron oxide nanoparticles with high magnetic heating efficiency is highly desired for magnetic hyperthermia applications. In this paper, carbothermal treatments with graphene are used for improving the magnetic heating efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticles. With the increasing treatment temperature from 400 °C to 700 °C, the specific absorption rate (SAR) increases 2–7 folds. Oxygen vacancies resulted from carbon reduction process, along with the rapid grain growth (from 5.1 nm to 225.6 nm), improve eddy current loss. SAR calculations suggest that eddy current loss accounts up to 23.9%-78.5% of the total SAR after carbothermal treatments, which is the main factor for SAR improvements. This work may provide a methodological reference of preparing iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia.

Abstract Introduction This study was aimed to determine how different patterns of alcohol consumption drive changes to brain structure and function and their correlation with cognitive impairments in young adult alcohol drinkers. Methods In this study, we enrolled five groups participants and defined as: long‐term abstinence from alcohol (LA), binge drinking (BD), long‐term low dosage alcohol consumption but exceeding the safety drinking dosage (LD), long‐term alcohol consumption of damaging dosage (LDD), and long‐term heavy drinking (HD). All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) to acquire data on brain structure and function, including gray matter volume (GMV), fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), functional connectivity (FC), and brain network properties. The cognitive ability was evaluated with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), intelligence quotient (IQ), and short delay free recall (SDFR). Results Compared to LA, GMV significantly decreased in the brain regions in VN, SMN, and VAN in the alcohol‐drinking groups (BD, LD, LDD, and HD). ReHo was significantly enhanced in the brain regions in VN, SMN, and VAN, while fALFF significantly increased in the brain regions in VN and SMN. The number of intra‐ and inter‐modular connections within networks (VN, SMN, sensory control network [SCN], and VAN) and their connections to other modules were abnormally changed. These changes adversely affected cognition (e.g., IQ, CVLT, SDFR). Conclusion Despite the small sample size, this study provides new evidence supporting the need for young people to abstain from alcohol to protect their brains. These findings present strong reasoning for updating anti‐alcohol slogans and guidelines for young people in the future.