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This study was aimed to examine the production of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from tapioca solid waste (TSW), using HCl hydrolysis with various concentrations, i.e., 2 N, 2.5 N, 3 N, and 3.5 N. MCC was produced by delignifying the TSW with NaOH 20%, and bleaching with NaOCl 3.5% to produce α-cellulose, and subsequently hydrolyzing α-cellulose with three different HCl concentrations to produce MCC. The physicochemical properties of MCC were then analyzed, including Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR spectra. The results showed that hydrolysis with 2.0 N HCl resulted in a higher yield of 61.28%, α-cellulose content of 56.33%, moisture 6.25%, pH of 6.54; ash 0.23%, and water solubility 0.34%. SEM analysis showed the morphology and size of the MCC produced were like those of a commercial MCC (Avicel PH101), while the XRD analysis showed the higher concentration of HCl gave rise to an increased crystalline index. FT-IR spectrum analysis indicated that TSW, MCC produced, and commercial MCC had similar functional groups.

The aim of this research were to study growth and protein also cyanidemushroom Auricularia polytricha in medium sawdust and tapioca solid waste with urea fertilizer added. The research had done using the completely randomized design (RAL) with 2 variables. The first variable was various urea fertilizers with 4 rates of concentration (0 g; 2 g; 4 g; 8 g and 10 g). The second variable was various mixed sawdust and tapioca solid waste with 3 rates concentration i.e. medium without tapioca solid waste, mixed sawdust and tapioca solid waste 3.5: 1.5, mixed sawdust and tapioca solid waste 3.0: 1.0. Basidiocarp on mushroom wet weight, dry weight, percentage of water, protein and cyanide was measured and then data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with 5% of confidence level. The use of mixed medium of sawdust and tapioca solid waste of 3: 1 with increasing urea concentration have no effect increasing growth of basidiocarp wet weight, dry weight, percentage of water and protein content of basidiocarp. On the other hand, the mixed consisting of sawdust and tapioca solid waste of 3: 1 with concentrations of 4 g and 8 g of urea have resulted in the content of cyanide.

This study aims to assess the potential ethanol produced by employing tapioca solid waste to support energy demand in Indonesia. A bioethanol process was simulated under bioactivity process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Reduced sugar and polysaccharide were used as essential substrate. The simulation result indicate that SSF requires (59 to 62) h and overall process takes approximately seven days. Having averagely 564 414.7 t • yr –1 of tapioca solid waste, it is possible to produce 57.793 . 10 3 kL • yr –1 . This number could contribute to the 1.89% and 33.41% of bioethanol demand according to Ministry of Research and Technology and Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource, respectively.