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All-inorganic cesium tin-germanium tri-iodide (CsSnGeI3) emerges as a potential light harvesting material for lead-free perovskite solar cells. The exploration of CsSnGeI3 has not yet been perceived owing to the conceivable challenges of imperfections in device fabrication, unoptimized alignment of the charge transport layers, and inappropriate device configuration. In this manuscript, we have elucidated the influence of BaSnO3 as an electron transport layer on the performance of Pb-free, all-inorganic cesium tin-germanium tri-iodide (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3)-based perovskite solar cell using SCAPS-1D software. In our initial simulated results, the presented device achieves the best efficiency of 22.09% with JSC = 24.41 mAcm−2, VOC = 1.0655 V, and FF = 84.92%. Subsequently, we have analyzed the impact of thickness and defect density on the recombination rate of charge carriers in the Sn-Ge amalgamated perovskite absorber layer, diffusion length, and other performance parameters. From these results, we have optimized the suitable value of thickness (900 nm) and defect density (Nt ≈ 1×1011 cm−3) of Sn-Ge combination perovskite layer for efficient PVSCs devices. Furthermore, we have optimized the thickness, electron affinity, and carrier concentration of charge transport layers, and their optimized values have been obtained for the design of efficient device. Using the optimized values, proposed device yields the high performance in terms of best power conversion efficiency of 28.21% with JSC = 27.18 mAcm−2, VOC = 1.2427 V, and FF = 83.50%, without any hysteresis loss. Thus, this extensive simulation approach paves a formative research route for the practical fabrication of efficient Pb-free CsSnGeI3 perovskite-based solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention in thin-film photovoltaic research for their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and facile fabrication processes. This study presents the use of inkjet printing to fabricate thin films of combinatorial mixed formamidinium tin-lead perovskites and evaluates their layer quality and device performance. Our findings demonstrate that incorporating Pb up to 50% into FASnI 3 films enhances lattice stability. The investigation focused on optimizing the composition ratio for improved photovoltaic performance with FASn 0.5 Pb 0.5 I 3 -based PSCs achieving the highest PCE of 10.26%. Additionally, these cells exhibited an absorption spectrum extending beyond 1000 nm, corresponding to a 1.25 eV bandgap. The results suggest that inkjet printing can effectively enhance the efficiency of tin-lead-based PSCs, supporting scalability in device manufacturing.