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This article discusses several studies on the effects of different root canal irrigation solutions on the removal of smear layer and the roughness of the dentin surface. The results show that the combination of 20% EDTA with 5.25% NaOCl is more effective in removing smear layer compared to other solutions, but it also increases the roughness of the dentin surface. Another study found that physiological serum had the lowest surface roughness values compared to other irrigation solutions. The document also provides a list of references to other scientific articles and studies on root canal irrigation and its effects on dentin. [Extracted from the article]

Aim of study was to compare the clinical visual and radiographic diagnostic technique with histological analysis of early proximal carious lesions. Materials and method. Study group included 96 proximal surfaces (48 teeth obtained from dental extractions for orthodontic or periodontal reasons). The proximal surfaces were examined by visual clinical examen and radiographic examen. A histological assessment was performed as gold standard. The sensivity and specificity values were calculated for clinical and radiographic examen. The values were analysed using McNemar test, with significance threshold p < 0.05. Results. Significant statistical differences were obtained when comparing both the sensitivity and specificity of the radiological detection method compared to the clinical method (p=0.0001

Aims of study. The aims of study were as follows: assessment of esthetic, functional and biological FDI indices of posterior composite restorations; assessment of decisions for non-intervention vs. repair/replacement of the posterior composite restorations. Materials and method. The retrospective study was performed on a study group of 69 patients (mean age: 25.31± 4,45 yrs; gender: 36 males, 33 females) that were treated for various dental pathologies in Odontology-Periodontology, Fixed Restorations of Clinical Learning Base of Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.M.F. Grigore T.Popa Iași (Romania) with a total number of 309 posterior composite restorations (class I and II Black) aged 3-5 yrs. The composite restorations were clinically evaluated using visual-tactile method. The evaluations were carried out during the recall session by an independent examiner, according to the FDI criteria (esthetic, functional, biological). The frequency of non-intervention versus repair/replacement decision was assessed globally and related to the parameters of the study group (gender, cariogenic risk, cavity design, arch/dental group location). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 29.0. Quantitative variables were characterized by descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations). Results. In the study group, 38,8% of all composite resin restorations required repair or replacement (FDI scores 4-5). The decisions of repair/replacement related to the assessed variables were as follows: 22,4% (Class I) vs 54,2% (Class II); 30,6% (males) vs 31% (females); 42,9% (high cariogenic risk) vs 20,4% (low cariogenic risk); 29,7% (Mx location) vs 31,5% (Md location); 41,4% (premolars) vs 49,5% (molars). Conclusions. 31% of posterior composite restorations aged 3-5 years require repair or replacement. Surface condition and margin discoloration are most frequent esthetic scores related to decisions of repair or replacement. Significantly higher percentages of Class II composite restorations (versus Class I) and molars restorations (versus premolars) were associated to requires repair or replacement. The most frequent biological score related to replacement decisions is the presence of secondary caries, mostly in Class II restorations.

The aim of the present study was to assess by using a questionnaire, the knowledge and understanding level of dental postoperative sensitivity through dental practitioners. A number of 431 dental practitioners coming from rural or urban practices, in private or public environment, with a bachelor’s degree or with postgraduate studies received this specifically developed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a series of socio-demographic questions, followed by 14 questions related to postoperative sensitivity. The questionnaire contained 7 single-choice and 7 multiple-choice questions. For the statistical analysis of the obtained results Pearson Chi-square and Independent sample t-test were used. For all 14 questions, the correct answers were indicated by the majority of respondents, regardless of the training level or the environment of origin. Both postgraduate and bachelor’s degree dental practitioners had a similar level of knowledge regarding the etiology, symptomatology and therapeutic management of postoperative dental sensitivity. The knowledge level about dental postoperative sensitivity does not differ between dental practitioners in the public and private sectors.

Knowing the processes that take place in the macromolecular and morphological structure following repeated mechanical stresses, during the technological processing of chemical fibres and yarns is mostly important for the specialists in the field. This aspect is also motivated by the fact that, due to the viscoelasticity of the thextile fibres, during stresses, especial the tensile ones, with small forces but repeated at short times, fatigue appears represented by structural changes, difficult to be noticed, and in the most severe cases of stress destruction occurs. During the fatigue process in the fibre there are several non homogeneous deformations especially in the microcavities and areas where the structure has imperfections. Thus, modified isolated structures will be obtained, representing the primary destruction of the fabric by forming micro-fissures that progress rapidly by propagation, affecting the fibre in several areas, and in the end it results in the tearing of the fibres. The action of the mechanical forces upon the fibre triggers several chemical reactions that result in the breaking of the chemical bonds and the birth of free macroradicals, the concentration of which will depend on the intensity of stresses. These aspects of the fatigue process will influence correspondingly the fibre's physicochemical and chemical properties. This paper reports the experimental results regarding the effect of some cyclical stresses with constant force on the main properties of the textured filament yarn made of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) with a fibrillar matrix structure, of 110/32 dtex.

This study aimed to compare the color changes in two different orthodontic clear aligner systems after submersion in various beverages for 14 days. The tested aligner systems were Taglus Premium made of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (the TAG group) and CA ® Prodin+ made of a transparent copolyester and a thermoplastic elastomer (the PRO group). A total of 56 samples were firstly divided into two groups according to the tested system-TAG and PRO. Each group was subsequently divided in four subgroups according to immersion solution: A-artificial saliva, B-cola, C-coffee, D-red wine. Color measurements were performed on Days 1, 7 and 14 using a portable colorimeter and the CIE L*a*b* system. The obtained results showed significant color changes in both materials when exposed to coffee and red wine ( p > 0.05). Samples in the PRO group showed a greater susceptibility to discoloration (higher ΔE values) when compared to the TAG group after submersion in cola ( p = 0.025), coffee ( p = 0.005) and red wine ( p = 0.041) solutions. Statistical analysis revealed that all of the color parameters ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔE of both tested materials were affected by submersion in coffee solution for 14 days. In conclusion, the CA ® Pro+ aligner system is more prone to staining compared to the Taglus material after submersion for 14 days in cola, coffee and red wine solutions. Submersion for 14 days in coffee solution alters all of the color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE) of both tested aligner materials.