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The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) was designed to investigate the deficit of electron neutrinos ν_{e} observed in previous gallium-based radiochemical measurements with high-intensity neutrino sources, commonly referred to as the "gallium anomaly," which could be interpreted as evidence for oscillations between ν_{e} and sterile neutrino (ν_{s}) states. A 3.414-MCi ^{51}Cr ν_{e} source was placed at the center of two nested Ga volumes and measurements were made of the production of ^{71}Ge through the charged current reaction, ^{71}Ga(ν_{e},e^{-})^{71}Ge, at two average distances. The measured production rates for the inner and the outer targets, respectively, are [54.9_{-2.4}^{+2.5}(stat)±1.4(syst)] and [55.6_{-2.6}^{+2.7}(stat)±1.4(syst)] atoms of ^{71}Ge/d. The ratio (R) of the measured rate of ^{71}Ge production at each distance to the expected rate from the known cross section and experimental efficiencies are R_{in}=0.79±0.05 and R_{out}=0.77±0.05. The ratio of the outer to the inner result is 0.97±0.07, which is consistent with unity within uncertainty. The rates at each distance were found to be similar, but 20%-24% lower than expected, thus reaffirming the anomaly. These results are consistent with ν_{e}→ν_{s} oscillations with a relatively large Δm^{2} (>0.5  eV^{2}) and mixing sin^{2}2θ (≈0.4).

Specificity of technological cycle of processing of fat raw materials of animal origin lies in the fact that in the process it is possible to receive not only the main commodity product in the form of melted fat, but also secondary products of production, which include unique and valuable in their properties biologically active substances. The present work is devoted to the development of technology of complex processing of fat raw material, by the example of raw fat of ostrich, which allows to increase the fat yield and minimize production waste. The objects of research were: melted fat of ostrich and products of its processing (greaves and protein hydrolysate), obtained by melting in water (control) and catholite under given conditions and parameters. It is shown that fat melted in catholite is characterized by low values of acid, peroxide and anisidine numbers in comparison with the control. It is established that at processing of fat in catholyte its yield even at the temperature of 55°C was over 64.0%, and at heating up to 100°C - 86.6%. It is argued that realization of repeated melt-out, stipulated by technological solutions, reduces risks of formation of significant amount of fat and protein wastes. It is determined that at repeated consecutive melting of protein fraction with temperature increase up to 75°С and 100°С the percentage of fat yield increases by 11.6 and 19.5 %, respectively. The established dependencies formed the basis for the creation of a technological line for processing of fat raw materials. It is proved that the developed technology of ostrich fat extraction with replacement of aqueous phase by catholyte in the process of fat extraction provides obtaining of fat with a given melting point and qualitative characteristics and can be applied for processing of easily melting animal fats.

Secondary rice products represent a source of effective ingredients for the cosmetics industry. Environmentally friendly and biodegradable products are among the promising trends of the present time. They do not pollute the environment and create a closed cycle in raw material production. Rice screenings and germs are a source of valuable bioactive substances. The products are currently being recycled, due to the lack of economically viable technology for recycling secondary rice products. The paper presents the technology for the processing of secondary rice products by solvent extraction with hexane and carbon dioxide. The extraction was carried out on a laboratory unit, after which the component composition of the extracts was determined by thin-layer chromatography. The main components of СО2 extract are phospholipids, sterols, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, tocopherols, carotenoids, and waxes. Processing of the extraction oil and СО2 extract will make it possible to isolate the waxes. Rice waxes are currently the quality plant-based analogue of synthetic texturizers. A plant-based wax that can be effectively used in both decorative and skincare formulations, as it has a range of skin-soothing substances and can absorb UV-A and UV-B rays. Rice screenings could become an alternative to silica in alginate wrap preparations of the SPA industry. Rice recycling technology will produce valuable raw materials for cosmetic products: vegetable waxes, rice bran oil, and rice flour. These products are effective raw components for the cosmetics industry and their use will reduce the cost of the finished cosmetic product and expand the base of domestic raw materials.

For the time being, moisture effect to the useful quality of coals has been researched comprehensively in detail. Herewith, there are a lot of unsolved problems related to the safety working out of coal layers. Presence of different forms of moisture in fossil coals essentially influences the coal layers hazardous characteristics manifestation during the mining activities. The Article deals with the results of analyses of more than thousand samples of the Donets Basin coals from different deposits, to research the relationship of total moisture and organic matter components in the coal carbonizations during the metamorphic processes. The researches have allowed separation of 3 stages for the fossil coal conversions. It is noted that at the initial stage, the carbon content is about 80%, moisture proportion in carbonization is rather high—0.36; but it decreases abruptly down to 0.12, in case of the carbon content increasing up to 86.5%. And the proportion of components (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur) total increases essentially up to 0.88. At the next stage, at 86.5÷91.5%, the components proportion in carbonization changes insignificantly. At the final stage of coal metamorphic conversions, 4-time growth of moisture proportion takes place in carbonization. It is found that moisture proportion in any form to be found in the coals shall be considered as a rank index, which is necessary to determine the coal layers hazardous characteristics.

The work is devoted to the influence of component composition on the quality of fat frying composition to improve the method of its production. Experimental versions of fat frying composition based on liquid and solid fractions of ostrich fat, as well as stabilizing additive CO2-extract of marjoram served as objects of research. The method of preparation of the fat frying composition included reception of a fat component by wet melting of raw ostrich fat, with the subsequent division of fat into liquid and solid fractions; mixing of the liquid fraction with a stabilizing additive and combination of the received mass with the solid fraction. Moreover, during storage of the frying composition, the liquid fraction is at the top, and before its use the fractions are mixed. It was shown that the introduction of CO2-extract of marjoram into the liquid fraction and increasing its concentration to 0.2 % reduces the degree of thermal oxidation of the product and slows down oxidative processes in the fat.

Currently, there is no reliable regulatory framework for determining the hazardous properties of coal seams, including the propensity of coal for spontaneous combustion. Under relatively identical mining engineering and geological conditions for mining coal seams, the probability of emergency situations is determined to a large extent by the genetic properties of coal. The research methodology is based on the classical definition of metamorphism, which characterizes the change in the composition and properties of coal. The analysis involves indicators that directly or indirectly characterize the elemental composition of organic and mineral mass, chemical activity and physico-mechanical properties. This will allow to establish a specific composition and properties that contribute to the manifestation of certain hazardous properties of coal seams during mining operations. It is shown that the modern industrial classification does not take into account the change in the organic and mineral constituents of coal, which does not make it possible to use it unchanged to predict the hazardous properties of coal seams.

The use of an extension of gradient elasticity through the inclusion of spatial derivatives of fractional order to describe the power law type of non-locality is discussed. Two phenomenological possibilities are explored. The first is based on the Caputo fractional derivatives in one dimension. The second involves the Riesz fractional derivative in three dimensions. Explicit solutions of the corresponding fractional differential equations are obtained in both cases. In the first case, stress equilibrium in a Caputo elastic bar requires the existence of a nonzero internal body force to equilibrate it. In the second case, in a Riesz-type gradient elastic continuum under the action of a point load, the displacement may or may not be singular depending on the order of the fractional derivative assumed.

Introduction: According to the literature, 20-50% of women will experience urinary tract infection (UTI) in their lifetime, and in 10-30% of cases, cystitis will recur. Despite the high prevalence of recurrent UTI, there are lack of studies dedicated to its impact on the quality of life, and the influence of postcoital cystitis on the quality of life and sexual function has not been previously evaluated., Aim: To assess the quality of life and sexual function in patients with recurrent postcoital cystitis before and after transposition of the urethra., Material and Methods: Women suffering from recurrent postcoital cystitis, who underwent urethral transposition from 2019 to 2021 were included the study. The SF-12v2 questionnaire was used to assess quality of life, while sexual function was evaluated using Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI]. Questionnaires were filled out by 70 patients, before and after surgery., Results: All domains of the quality of life were significantly different in the pre- and postoperative period. More pronounced changes were found in the mental health-related quality of life. In addition, there were significant differences in each domain of FSFI and the overall score postoperatively compared to baseline., Conclusion: Our study reports a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women with recurrent postcoital cystitis as well as a reduced quality of life. This work shows the social significance of the problem, as well as the high rehabilitation potential of urethral transposition.

Absolutely all over the world there is a constant increase in the number of people with disabilities, as a result of a number of economic, social, ecological, demographic reasons. The share of disabled people on the territory of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic has remained high in recent years. The article touches upon the issues of qualitative indicators of the social health of people with disabilities, gives a fundamental characteristic of social health. A questionnaire survey was conducted in February 2018 among people with disabilities, and for the purpose of additional study, interviews with people of working age with disabilities were conducted in March 2022. The results of the author's research on the territory of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic among people with disabilities on the subject of studying the processes of socialization and social adaptation in society are presented. Based on the conducted quantitative and qualitative research methods, the main trends regarding the social health of people with disabilities were identified. The main barriers on the way to successful integration processes hindering socialization and social adaptation are outlined. The above results necessitate the modernization of the current system of targeted support for people with disabilities.

Aim: To study the pathogenetic factors in the development of postcoital cystitis and the efficiency of extravaginal transposition of the urethra., Materials and Methods: Literature data and our point of view on the causes of postcoital cystitis are described. Case histories of 438 patients aged 18 to 61 (mean 24+/-1.3) were analyzed. The efficiency of extravaginal transposition of the urethra for the prevention of recurrence of postcoital cystitis was evaluated., Results: The long-term results of operations in 315 patients were studied. A positive effect was noted in 297 (94.3%), which means the complete recovery or reduction in the frequency of cystitis to 2 or less times a year, while complete recovery occurred in 214 patients. In 18 (5.7%), the surgical procedure was ineffective, which required repeated interventions., Discussion: According to our observations, the external opening of the urethra is located in patients with postcoital cystitis and in healthy women at the same level - before the introitus. During sexual intercourse, everyone experiences vestibulo-vaginal frictional dislocation of the urethra, however, exacerbations of the inflammatory process in the bladder occur only in some females, which is associated with the multifactorial nature of the disease., Conclusion: Postcoital cystitis develops as a result of a complex of factors, the most significant ofwhich are the state of the vaginal microflora, the virulence of uropathogenic bacteria, the anatomical features of the urethra and vagina, its narrowness with a mismatch with the penile size, the intensity and duration of sexual intercourse, severe, complicated childbirth and surgical procedures in this area. Performing extravaginal transposition of the urethra according to Komyakov demonstrated high efficiency in the prevention of recurrence of postcoital cystitis.

The purpose of the article is to study influence of various forms of physical activity on physical and psychological health of the elderly on the basis of content analysis of publications, secondary analysis of results of sociological studies of national and foreign researchers. The scientific novelty of studied question consists in critical comprehension of risk factors of development of somatic and mental diseases depending on degree of physical activity and also in elaboration of classification that included such macro- and micro-factors determining its dynamics as social cultural, social demographic, geographic, individual personal or motivational, promotional and managerial ones. The emphasis is made on necessity of additional research in this subject field to lay the foundation for making important management decisions concerning social protection and support of the elderly.

Using multiple parallel sequencing on Illumina platform, we identified eight microRNAs that showed significant opposite changes of gene expression in cells of the hormone-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line and in cells of the hormone-resistant DU-145 cell line, in comparison to the microRNA expression in the normal prostate tissue cells. We found that the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene is a target of five microRNAs whose expression is increased in LNCaP cells and reduced in DU-145 cells.

The dependence of expression of miRNAs and their precursors (pre-miRNAs) on the DNA methylation level in HeLa cells 8 days after mitomycin C treatment was studied. A massive parallel DNA sequencing method was applied to analyze miRNA expression. 5-Azacytidine (DNA methylation inhibitor) was added to the medium 6 days after mutagenic agent exposure. The results indicated that the change in expression for some mature miRNAs (39 of 61) was accompanied by the change in the expression of their pre-miRNAs, while there were no significant changes in the expression of pre-miRNA for other mature miRNAs (22 of 61). The aberrant expression was maintained by 8 of 61 mature miRNAs and 6 of 55 pre-miRNAs in the induced HeLa cells after 5-azacytidine treatment. In addition, the expression of more than 90% of miRNAs, which indicated a significant change in expression after mitomycin C treatment, does not depend or depends slightly on the DNA methylation level in HeLa cells without mitomycin C treatment. The results suggest that mitomycin C induces aberrant DNA methylation which affects maintenance of changes in the miRNA expression in cell generations after mutagen treatment.

It was first shown that DNA damage induction in mitomycin C-treated HeLa cells leads to a change in the selection of 5p and 3p microRNA duplex strands in the formation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).

The authors consider possibilities for the surgical treatment of patients with extensive malignant chest wall neoplasms. It is argued that combinedsugical interventions and resection of the affected parts of the chest wall together with the tumour and the use of plastic procedures allow to arrest further development of severe complications in the majority of patients and create conditions for the continuation of the anti-tumour treatment. Plastic and reconstructive surgery permits to extend operability limits and thereby improve the quality of the treatment and increase life expectancy of the patients with extensive tumorigenic process.

Two methods of Lu-177 production are reviewed: irradiation of isotopically enriched Lu- 176 (direct way) and irradiation of ytterbium enriched with Yb-176 (indirect way). Based on neutronphysical calculations Lu-177 yield and specific activity were estimated for both methods. Lu-177 specific activity strongly depends on neutron flux density in the direct way, that is 75,000 Ci/g for 10- days irradiation in a neutron flux of 2.10(15) cm(-2) s(-1), and only 13,000 Ci/g after 30 days irradiation at neutron flux 1.10(14) cm(-2) s(-1). Irradiation of Yb-176 provides Lu-177 specific activity close to theoretical value (110,000 Ci/g). Neutron flux density effect Lu-177 yield, that is 530 Ci/g for 2.1015 cm(-2) s(-1) neutron flux density after 30 days irradiation. A procedure of isolation and purification of Lu-177 from irradiated targets is described based on combination of galvanostatic extraction of ytterbium followed by cation-exchange chromatography from alfa-hydroxyisobutirate solutions on BioRad AG(®)50W-X8 resin.

This paper reports successful combined cytoreductive surgical intervention on a patient with giant recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma complicated by tumour thrombosis of left ovarian and left renal veins and inferior vena cava. After the comprehensive examination confirmed good prospects for conservative therapy, surgery was performed on 07.02.12 including laparotomic resection of the giant tumour from the abdominal cavity and small pelvis, sigmoid and rectal resection, formation of end-to-end descendorecto-anastomosis, left-hand nephrectomy, removal of tumour thrombus from the suprarenal part of inferior vena cava. The postoperative period was uneventful. No signs of pulmonary thromboembolism were recorded intra- and postoperatively. Wound healing occurred by primary intention, the sutures were removed on day 12 after surgery. The patient was discharged to be further treated on an outpatient basis. Pathological changes in the lower limbs were absent. The patient recovered and leads an active lifestyle. The follow-up examination (July 2012, March 2014) confirmed her healthy status and the absence of signs suggesting the risk of relapse and progress of the neoplastic process.

Applying the method of multiple parallel sequencing on the MiSeq platform (Illumina, United States), a comparative analysis of miRNA expression in tumor and normal colon tissuie cells was performed. Forty miRNAs aberrantly expressed in cancer were detected. Among them, 15 and 25 miRNAs showed increased arid decreased expression, respectively, for all or most of the cases. Sixteen miRNA clusters were identified, which showed a coordinated or incompletely coordinated aberrant expression in colorectal cancer cells. In two (miR-183/182 and miR-106b/25) and four (miR-143/145, miR-497/195, miR-30e/30c-1, and miR-30a/30c-2) miRNA clusters, respectively, a statistically significant coordinated increase or decrease in expression was iegistered for all miRNAs withini the corresponding cluster. Three aberrantly expressed well-known miRNAs (miR-100-5p, mil-30d-5p, and miR-204-5p) were identified, which, however, had never 'before been associated with coloreictal cancer. The obtained results demonstrate the potential and promising application of 6 miRNA clusters with' coordinated aberrant expression as markers for colorectal cancer.

We identified 40 miRNAs with inherited aberrant expression by multiple parallel sequencing of human HeLa cells irradiated with X rays and mitomycin C. Twenty-two miRNAs were repressed and 15 miRNAs were induced after radiation and mytomycin C treatment. The expression of three miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-148a-3p, and miR-340-5p) decreased after X-ray exposure and increased after mitomycin C treatment. The spectrum of aberrantly expressed miRNAs after X-ray and mitomycin C treatment is different, except for three miRNAs (mir-100-5p, miR-99b-5p, miR-501-3p), which showed the inherited decreased expression after both mutagens. It has been ascertained that for five miRNAs (miR-21-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30e-3p) with increased inherited expression, the targets are well-described tumor suppressor genes. For 9 miRNAs (miR-99b-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-365a-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-340-5p, and miR-23b-3p) with reduced inherited expression, the targets are oncogenes. The obtained results provide further support of the idea that induced epigenetic changes in the genome should be considered when assessing the long-term genetic effects of ionizing radiation and chemical compounds.

Using affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, plasminogen isoforms were separated and identified in blood plasma. Healthy donors and patients with prostate cancer in various stages of development were included in the studied sample. With the development of prostate cancer, four additional specific plasminogen isoforms are registered in blood plasma; they are characterized by lower molecular weights and higher pI values compared to isoforms found in the control group.

Superior vena cava syndrome results from blood flow disturbances caused by compression or tumour invasion of the superior vena cava and its tributaries. In most cases, malignant lung tumours are responsible for its development. In 1995-2010, we performed surgical treatment of 55 patients with malignant chest neoplasms and superior vena cave syndrome. Vertical sternotomy was employed most frequently. Some patients additionally underwent antero-lateral thoracotomy to facilitate the surgical approach. Polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses 18-20 mm in diameter (Russia) were used to superior vena cava. Radical and cytoreductive surgery was the method of choice in 60 and 40% of the patients respectively. The signs of obstruction disappeared in all patients immediately after surgery. 21.8% of the patients died during the early postoperative period, 5 ones survived without signs of relapses. Median survival was 21 months.

Inheritance of anthocyanidins in sweet pea flowers was studied. A relationship was revealed between the colour of flowers in plants of mutant lines and the presence of different types of anthocyanidins in petal cells. Forms synthesizing anthocyanidins with a large number of OH groups in the B ring of their structure were found to be dominant with respect to less hydroxylated pigments. The functions of three earlier undescribed nonallelic genes of sweet pea have been identified for the first time. Gene R determines the synthesis of pelargonidin that has one OH group in the B ring. The formation of dihydroxylated cyanidin is controlled by the Sm 1 gene. Gene E1 is involved in the biosynthesis oftrihydroxylated delphinidin. A scheme of genetic control of anthocyanidin biosynthesis in sweet pea flowers is proposed on the basis of the data obtained. Possible mechanisms of the action of the identified genes are discussed.

Complete local response to radio- and chemoradiation for anal cancer was improved due to use of high-energy dosage of intraluminal brachytherapy (complete clinical regression (chemoradiation)--85.7%; combined irradiaton--75%). No signs of tumor progression have been reported in 20 survivors (median duration--21.6 months) (mean recurrence-free survival--12.5 months). Loco-regional relapse was in 4, local--2 patients. Intrapelvic lymph nodes were involved in 2 cases of previously morphologically confirmed regression of primary tumor. 18-month-long recurrence-free survival was in 86.3%, colostomy-free--91.6%. When combined with distant irradiation (+/-chemotherapy), brachytherapy is a relatively effective, safe and well tolerated procedure.

The authors have got their first experience with chemohyperthermal perfusion of the lung in 4 patients. The method and technique of the operation of ablation of metastases in the lungs with preliminary chemohyperthermal perfusion are described. All the patients survived the operative interventions.

The efficiency of estimating the carcinogenic activity of chemical substances was compared for five short-term tests and structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis. The sample included 84 substances with known biological testing results obtained by the Ames test, bacterial SOS chromotest (SOS), chromosome aberration (CA) cytogenetic test, sister chromatid exchange (SHE) test, and gene mutation (GM) test with mammalian cells in vitro and by carcinogenicity assays in rodents in vivo. Structural descriptors were selected using an original database, which included the structural formulas of substances with known carcinogenic activity in rodents. Original software was created to generate and select the descriptors that statistically coincided with carcinogenic activity. The descriptors that were associated exclusively with carcinogenic substances from the database and the tests that produced positive results exclusively with carcinogens were used to evaluate the carcinogenic activity of the substances. A combination of three short-term tests (Ames, SOS, and CA tests) and the SAR model proved to identify carcinogenicity for more than 60% of carcinogens.

A system was created to obtain and select Arabidopsis thaliana genes whose superexpression causes development of a mutant phenotype. Three morphological mutants (two with a markedly retarded growth and one with a fasciated stem) associated with the superexpression of genes At5g10080, At1g33390, and At5g13760 were generated with the use of this system. Localization, structure, and a possible functional organization of these genes were determined.

Several transcription factors are presently known to regulate the response to cold stress. Here we describe a new positive regulator, ICE2, which is a transcription factor of the bHLH family that participates in the response to deep freezing through the cold acclimation-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. An overexpression of ICE2 (as we named the At1g12860 locus) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants results in increased tolerance to deep freezing stress after cold acclimation. The seeds of transgenic lines that overexpressed ICE2 were characterized by decreased levels of carbohydrate and increased levels of lipids. The analysis of expression of CBF1 gene (also known as DREB1B), which have been shown to be required for the complete development of cold acclimation response in Arabidopsis indicated a difference between expression of the CBF1 gene in transgenic plants and the wild-type control plants, Col-0. These results suggested that the CBF1 transcription factor, known as one of the regulators of the cold stress response, has a dominant role in providing freezing tolerance in transgenic plants characterized by overexpression of ICE2.

We have created and applied to Arabidopsis thaliana a new system of two vectors. The first vector (pEnLox) is intended for activation tagging and contains a multimerized transcriptional enhancer from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S gene in T-DNA flanked by two loxP-sites and the second vector (pCre) contains the cre gene. Using pEnLox we have generated more than a hundred mutants resistant to the herbicide ammonium glufosinate, and about ten helper-lines resistant to the antibiotic hygromycin obtained with the use of pCre vector and also more than ten double mutants resistant to both selective markers. In at least 3 cases among 40 mutant lines that have been analyzed we observed constitutive ectopic expression of the genes adjacent to the T-DNA insertion that causes development of the mutant phenotype. Also, reversion of the mutants to the wild-type phenotype after removing the CaMV enhancer has been demonstrated. The system presented here provides a new and easier way to analyze A. thaliana gain-of-function mutants.

A system of two vectors, pEnLox and pCre. was developed. The pEnLox vector is used to induce insertional mutations, while pCre is used to obtain transgenic plants expressing the Cre recombinase gene. The T-DNA enhancer is flanked by the loxP sites in the pEnLox vector. As an Arahidopsis thaliana insertional mutant obtained by transformation with pEnLox is crossed with another transgenic line carrying the cre gene. the enhancer sequence is eliminated. The vector system makes it possible to induce insertional mutations and to determine whether the mutant phenotype is caused by the loss-of-function insertional mutation or by overespression of nearby genes in response to the enhancer contained in the insert.

The efficiency of scoring somatic mutations in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaves as a test for carcinogenic activity of chemical substances in rodents has been evaluated. The efficiency of the test used alone or as part of a battery of tests has been estimated. The mutagenic activities of some chemical substances estimated using the soybean test are presented. Selective information on the carcinogenic activities of substances obtained in special carcinogenicity tests has been used as a quantitative measure of the efficiency of the tests with soybean leaves. To estimate the weight of evidence for the presence of this activity in the tested substances, a special function has been used whose values are uniquely related to the complete information, which is the sum of a priori information and the information obtained after testing. In general, the results have shown that the somatic mutation score test using soybean leaves is at least as efficient as the well-known tests that are generally used now, such as the Ames test and the chromosome aberration score test using mammalian cells in vitro. This test may be promising for the formation of efficient short-term test batteries.

A new approach to the description of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR analysis) based on compound descriptors has been used. The effect of the structural characteristics of nitric compounds on their carcinogenicity has been studied. It has been found that the carcinogenicity of nitric compounds is determined by the presence of furyl and/or azole heterocycles not condensed with benzene rings in their molecular structures. The carcinogenicity of the nitric compounds in which the benzene ring is the basic structure is determined by the presence of other substituents (halogens, amines, and methyl groups) and their positions relative to the nitro group.

Small cell lung cancer incidence associated with tuberculosis is 4.5-7 times that in a relevant population of tumor patients. Tuberculosis which masks tumor and metastatic spread to the mediastinal lymph nodes taxes the patient's potential. Treatment of such pathology involves increased rates of intraoperative complications, pulmonectomies, suture failure risk in primary bronchus stump and postoperative mortality.

Extended or combined pneumonectomies were performed in 56 cases of advanced complicated non-small cell lung cancer. Bronchial stump was closed by a modification of Overholt's technique using a vascularised tissue flap. Postoperative complication rate was 66%, mortality--23% and bronchial fistula--1.8% (1 case). Our modification of Overholt's technique using a well vascularised flap from the pericardium, muscle or omentum effectively prevented bronchial fistula in cases of multiple risk and is indicated in all cases of surgery for advanced lung cancer.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is detected in 10-40% of patients with "first look" peritoneal tumors. Median survival after chemotherapy is generally 2-6 months. Use of cytoreductive surgery and intraoperative intraperitoneal chemohyperthermic perfusion (ISHTP) improves the end results significantly. The study included 45 cases of surgery: gastric cancer (15), ovarian and cervical carcinoma ('17), colorectal cancer (8) and miscellaneous cancers involving advanced peritoneal carcinomatosis (5). ISHTP procedure was carried out immediately after cytoreductive surgery including peritonectomy (Sugarbaker). Postoperative complication and lethality frequency was 37.7 and 22.2%, respectively; mean survival--17 months. Eight patients have survived without signs of relapse; three of them--for more than 2 years. Cytoreductive surgery plus ISHTP protocol for peritoneal carcinomatosis increases survival time 3-fold and improves quality of life.

Polymorphism of two tumor-suppressor genes, BRCA1 and P53, was examined. DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes of the women affected with breast cancer (N = 151) and of the women with no clinical symptoms of tumor diseases (N = 191). Typing of the polymorphic variants was performed using PCR-RFLP method. It was demonstrated that the genetic structure of the patient group (taking into consideration BRCA1 and P53 polymorphic variants) differed from that of the control group. The group of genotypes, found exclusively among the patients, as well as the group of "resistant" genotypes revealed predominantly among the controls, was described. Detection of the genotype A1A1 B1B1 S1S1 C1C1 F1F1 J2J2, whose frequency in control group was eight times higher than in the patient group, was an additional confirmation of the existence of "resistant" genotypes. These findings point to the association between the combinations of the BRCA1 and P53 allelic variants and the risk of breast cancer.

A new concept of describing the dependence of the mutagenic activity of a chemical substance on its structure (QSAR analysis) is presented. It involves ensemble descriptors, which are combinations of unrelated fragments of molecular structure. Software has been developed to generate various structural fragments of molecules and their combinations (ensembles) and select ensemble descriptors of statistical significance for the biological activity of a chemical. By examples of univocal ensemble descriptors consisting of two structural fragments and present only in active or only in inactive compounds, it has been shown that the efficiency of QSAR study can be increased fourfold or more. The approach has been applied to a set of 105 compounds whose mutagenic effect on rodent sex cells is known.