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With the unexpected onset of COVID-19, governments across the world responded with a range of preventive measures, including the imposition of lockdowns. To mitigate the adverse effects of lockdowns arising from supply chain shocks and employment loss, governments worldwide chose to implement policies to stimulate their economies and keep them working. This study assesses the impact and effectiveness of four of these packages in Bangladesh, employing a mixed-method approach. These packages include "salary support for workers in export-oriented RMG industries", "working capital loans for affected industries and service sectors", "working capital loans for cottage, micro, small, and medium enterprises", and initiatives for "revitalizing the rural economy and job creation". Each package was examined individually because of their differences in beneficiary groups, implementation methods, and individual objectives. Quantitative analysis involved propensity score matching (PSM), the difference in difference model (DID), and structural equation modelling (SEM). Stakeholders, including policy implementers, Bangladesh Bank officials, policy analysts, academics, workers, and beneficiaries, contributed to the qualitative analysis through extensive key-informant interviews, providing a comprehensive assessment of intervention outcomes. Ultimately, the results show that the packages achieved their socio-economic relief objectives for beneficiaries. The research examined both positive impacts and challenges in their implementation. It suggests that all four packages successfully achieved their goals, such as providing social and economic support, sustaining livelihoods, addressing marginalized groups' needs, ensuring survival for large industries and small businesses, and promoting employment. In order to better address future shocks, establishing a beneficiary database integrated with the national system is recommended for smoother policy rollout. Despite acknowledged limitations, including challenges in beneficiary identification, data availability, and time constraints, the study's unbiased estimations provide valuable insights to guide future policy directions in similar situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the role of public sector innovation outcomes, e.g. trademark innovation, information and communication technology (ICT), renewable energy, and governance, in the sustainable development of Bangladesh during 1980–2019. Utilising the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) simulation approach, this study divulges a favourable long-term influencing profile of public sector innovation outcomes, i.e. trademark innovation, ICT, and renewable energy on sustainable development, while governance has a heterogeneous impact. Besides, the findings from the DARDL simulations area plots display 10% counterfactual shocks to the public sector innovation outcomes on sustainable development. Furthermore, the Kernel-based regularised least square machine learning algorithm approach used in the study examines the marginal effects of the public sector innovation outcomes on sustainable development for robust findings. Therefore, the policy suggestions are solely concerned with the public sector's adoption of more innovation dynamics through appropriate policy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has used a stirpat model to investigate the synergistic effect of CO2 emission, energy consumption, energy intensity, economic growth, population, urbanization and trade openness to demonstrate growthenvironment nexus in four selected developing Asian economies. Taking a panel data set from Bangladesh, China, India and Indonesia this study applies Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ardl) model and vec Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests. The empirical results show that energy intensity, urbanization, population, and per capita gdp growth are the raison d'être of CO2 emissions whereas trade openness is found to be negatively related to CO2 emissions. Conversely, energy consumption, urbanization, population and trade openness are positively related to per capita gdp. In addition, it also investigates the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and the findings substantiate an inverted Ushaped relationship. Cross-section short-run coefficients of country-level data are inquired into to check the robustness of the panel outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh's recent doorway to the spectacular growth trajectory is largely associated with the shared contributions of globalization, FDI, trade, economic growth, urbanization, energy consumption, innovation, and institutional quality that affect its natural environment. Earlier studies hardly incorporated these dynamics together especially innovation and institutional quality to examine their impacts on environmental degradation in Bangladesh. This study attempts to scrutinize the effect of globalization, foreign direct investment, economic growth, trade, innovation, urbanization, and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in the presence of institutional quality in Bangladesh over the period 1972–2016 by utilizing dynamic ARDL simulations' model by Jordan and Philips (2018). The investigated results depict that globalization; foreign direct investment, and innovation have a negative effect on CO2 emissions in improving environmental quality while economic growth, trade, energy consumption, and urbanization positively impact CO2 emissions and hence stimulate environmental degradation both in the long and short run. Besides, institutional quality measured by the political terror scale (PTS) affects CO2 emissions positively and thereby degrades the quality of the environment in both the long and short run. Therefore, policy implication should go toward encouraging globalization, foreign direct investment and innovation; and the sensible utilization of income growth, trade potentials, energy consumption, urbanization and institution is required for the sake of environmental quality in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between leadership behaviors and competitive advantage. It is important to study leaders' behavior as leadership plays a vital role like how mangers are leading their team and how their leadership style is affecting the firm's performance. Leaders help to enhance the performance of an employee. Literature review highlighted that leadership behaviors have been addressed duly and they emerged as a separate theme from the literature. However, they have not been conceptualized into a comprehensive framework, which is addressed in this study. Therefore, the present study has developed a conceptual model indicating the relationship between different leadership behaviors, emotional intelligence and competitive advantage. The model has been developed for the Bangladesh's RMG industry due to the paucity of research on leadership behaviors in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of economic globalization, energy intensity, urbanization, industrialization and growth on per capita co2 emissions of Bangladesh employing techniques of Johansen co-integration, Vector Error-Correction Models (vecm) and vec Granger Causality Tests. To analyse the impacts of innovations in all variables on co2 emissions, this study additionally employs variance decomposition (vdc) for robust findings. The result of long run and causality test postulates that growth stimulates energy consumption and consequently causes co2 emissions. vdc result posits that in the long run, energy intensity, urbanization, industrialization and growth contribute more than 60% of the co2 emission in Bangladesh. On the other hand, effect of economic globalization becomes stronger in the long run but in explaining fluctuations in co2 emissions it contributes only 9%. To avoid adverse effect of growth implementations of energy conservation policies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turnover and absenteeism are common in the Ready-Made Garments (RMG) factories of Bangladesh, causing reduced productivity. Illness is the main cause. This is a study of projects in this industry which raise women workers' health awareness. The objective of this study was to find out whether such projects: (1) increase the productivity of garment workers and (2) have a positive return on investment. In fact, productivity increased through reduced absenteeism, improved quality of work, reduced "throwbacks " to re-sew garments, reduced requests for early lunch out or leave, and ultimately, reduced turnover. With minimal initial investment, such projects have a significant Return on Investment (ROI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]