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3. Gyekye and Contemporary Idealism

Author

Tartaglia, James, Attoe, Aribiah David, editor, Temitope, Segun Samuel, editor, Nweke, Victor, editor, Umezurike, John, editor, and Chimakonam, Jonathan Okeke, editor

Published
2023
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4. Correction for Kibler et al., “Replication-Competent NYVAC-KC Yields Improved Immunogenicity to HIV-1 Antigens in Rhesus Macaques Compared to Nonreplicating NYVAC”

Author

Kibler, Karen V, Asbach, Benedikt, Perdiguero, Beatriz, García-Arriaza, Juan, Yates, Nicole L, Parks, Robert, Stanfield-Oakley, Sherry, Ferrari, Guido, Montefiori, David C, Tomaras, Georgia D, Roederer, Mario, Foulds, Kathryn E, Forthal, Donald N, Seaman, Michael S, Self, Steve, Gottardo, Raphael, Phogat, Sanjay, Tartaglia, James, Barnett, Susan, Cristillo, Anthony D, Weiss, Deborah, Galmin, Lindsey, Ding, Song, Heeney, Jonathan L, Esteban, Mariano, Wagner, Ralf, Pantaleo, Giuseppe, and Jacobs, Bertram L

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Good Health and Well Being, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Virology, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Volume 93, no. 3, e01513-18, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01513-18. The article was originally published on 17 January 2019 with a standard copyright line (“© 2019 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.”). We elected to pay for open access for the article after publication, necessitating replacement of the original copyright line with “© 2019 Kibler et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.” This change was made to the online version of the article on 21 August 2019.

Published
2019

6. Replication-Competent NYVAC-KC Yields Improved Immunogenicity to HIV-1 Antigens in Rhesus Macaques Compared to Nonreplicating NYVAC.

Author

Kibler, Karen V, Asbach, Benedikt, Perdiguero, Beatriz, García-Arriaza, Juan, Yates, Nicole L, Parks, Robert, Stanfield-Oakley, Sherry, Ferrari, Guido, Montefiori, David C, Tomaras, Georgia D, Roederer, Mario, Foulds, Kathryn E, Forthal, Donald N, Seaman, Michael S, Self, Steve, Gottardo, Raphael, Phogat, Sanjay, Tartaglia, James, Barnett, Susan, Cristillo, Anthony D, Weiss, Deborah, Galmin, Lindsey, Ding, Song, Heeney, Jonathan L, Esteban, Mariano, Wagner, Ralf, Pantaleo, Giuseppe, and Jacobs, Bertram L

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Vaccine Related (AIDS), Biotechnology, Prevention, Immunization, HIV/AIDS, Vaccine Related, Infectious Diseases, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Antibodies, Neutralizing, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, HIV Antibodies, HIV Antigens, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Male, Vaccination, Vaccinia virus, Viral Vaccines, Virus Replication, env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Gag-Pol-Nef, HIV, NYVAC, NYVAC-KC, T cell response, antibody responses, gp140, nonhuman primates, vaccines, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Virology, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

As part of the continuing effort to develop an effective HIV vaccine, we generated a poxviral vaccine vector (previously described) designed to improve on the results of the RV144 phase III clinical trial. The construct, NYVAC-KC, is a replication-competent, attenuated recombinant of the vaccinia virus strain NYVAC. NYVAC is a vector that has been used in many previous clinical studies but is replication deficient. Here, we report a side-by-side comparison of replication-restricted NYVAC and replication-competent NYVAC-KC in a nonhuman primate study, which utilized a prime-boost regimen similar to that of RV144. NYVAC-C and NYVAC-C-KC express the HIV-1 antigens gp140, and Gag/Gag-Pol-Nef-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) from clade C and were used as the prime, with recombinant virus plus envelope protein used as the boost. In nearly every T and B cell immune assay against HIV-1, including neutralization and antibody binding, NYVAC-C-KC induced a greater immune response than NYVAC-C, indicating that replication competence in a poxvirus may improve upon the modestly successful regimen used in the RV144 clinical trial.IMPORTANCE Though the RV144 phase III clinical trial showed promise that an effective vaccine against HIV-1 is possible, a successful vaccine will require improvement over the vaccine candidate (ALVAC) used in the RV144 study. With that goal in mind, we have tested in nonhuman primates an attenuated but replication-competent vector, NYVAC-KC, in direct comparison to its parental vector, NYVAC, which is replication restricted in human cells, similar to the ALVAC vector used in RV144. We have utilized a prime-boost regimen for administration of the vaccine candidate that is similar to the one used in the RV144 study. The results of this study indicate that a replication-competent poxvirus vector may improve upon the effectiveness of the RV144 clinical trial vaccine candidate.

Published
2019

7. Priming with a Potent HIV-1 DNA Vaccine Frames the Quality of Immune Responses prior to a Poxvirus and Protein Boost.

Author

Asbach, Benedikt, Kibler, Karen V, Köstler, Josef, Perdiguero, Beatriz, Yates, Nicole L, Stanfield-Oakley, Sherry, Tomaras, Georgia D, Kao, Shing-Fen, Foulds, Kathryn E, Roederer, Mario, Seaman, Michael S, Montefiori, David C, Parks, Robert, Ferrari, Guido, Forthal, Donald N, Phogat, Sanjay, Tartaglia, James, Barnett, Susan W, Self, Steven G, Gottardo, Raphael, Cristillo, Anthony D, Weiss, Deborah E, Galmin, Lindsey, Ding, Song, Heeney, Jonathan L, Esteban, Mariano, Jacobs, Bertram L, Pantaleo, Giuseppe, and Wagner, Ralf

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Prevention, Vaccine Related, HIV/AIDS, Biotechnology, Immunization, Rare Diseases, Vaccine Related (AIDS), Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Antibodies, Neutralizing, HIV Antibodies, HIV Antigens, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Male, Poxviridae, T-Lymphocytes, Vaccination, Vaccines, DNA, Vaccinia virus, Viral Vaccines, Virus Replication, DNA vaccine, Gag-Pol-Nef, NYVAC, NYVAC-KC, T cell responses, antibody responses, gp140, human immunodeficiency virus, nonhuman primates, vaccine, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Virology, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

The use of heterologous immunization regimens and improved vector systems has led to increases in immunogenicity of HIV-1 vaccine candidates in nonhuman primates. In order to resolve interrelations between different delivery modalities, three different poxvirus boost regimens were compared. Three groups of rhesus macaques were each primed with the same DNA vaccine encoding Gag, Pol, Nef, and gp140. The groups were then boosted with either the vaccinia virus strain NYVAC or a variant with improved replication competence in human cells, termed NYVAC-KC. The latter was administered either by scarification or intramuscularly. Finally, macaques were boosted with adjuvanted gp120 protein to enhance humoral responses. The regimen elicited very potent CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in a well-balanced manner, peaking 2 weeks after the boost. T cells were broadly reactive and polyfunctional. All animals exhibited antigen-specific humoral responses already after the poxvirus boost, which further increased following protein administration. Polyclonal reactivity of IgG antibodies was highest against HIV-1 clade C Env proteins, with considerable cross-reactivity to other clades. Substantial effector functional activities (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition) were observed in serum obtained after the last protein boost. Notably, major differences between the groups were absent, indicating that the potent priming induced by the DNA vaccine initially framed the immune responses in such a way that the subsequent boosts with NYVAC and protein led only to an increase in the response magnitudes without skewing the quality. This study highlights the importance of selecting the best combination of vector systems in heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens.IMPORTANCE The evaluation of HIV vaccine efficacy trials indicates that protection would most likely correlate with a polyfunctional immune response involving several effector functions from all arms of the immune system. Heterologous prime-boost regimens have been shown to elicit vigorous T cell and antibody responses in nonhuman primates that, however, qualitatively and quantitatively differ depending on the respective vector systems used. The present study evaluated a DNA prime and poxvirus and protein boost regimen and compared how two poxvirus vectors with various degrees of replication capacity and two different delivery modalities-conventional intramuscular delivery and percutaneous delivery by scarification-impact several immune effectors. It was found that despite the different poxvirus boosts, the overall immune responses in the three groups were similar, suggesting the potent DNA priming as the major determining factor of immune responses. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting optimal priming agents in heterologous prime-boost vaccination settings.

Published
2019

9. Late boosting of the RV144 regimen with AIDSVAX B/E and ALVAC-HIV in HIV-uninfected Thai volunteers: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial

Author

Pitisuthitham, Arom, Sabmee, Yupa, Sirisopana, Narongrid, Eamsila, Chirapa, Savaraj, Prapaporn, Labwech, Wanlaya, Teerachia, Siriluck, Chotirosniramit, Nuntisa, Supindham, Taweewat, Pruenglampoo, Boonlure, Sugandhavesa, Patcharaphan, Kosashunhanan, Natthapol, Kaewthip, Oranitcha, Sroysuwan, Piyathida, Jarujareet, Pawinee, Ratto-Kim, Silvia, Molnar, Sebastian, Schoen, Jesse, Churikanont, Nampueng, Getchalarat, Saowanit, Sangnoi, Nongluck, Nuntapinit, Bessara, Phramtong, Anant, Grandin, Pornsuk V., Madnote, Sirinan, Rittiroongrad, Surawach, Kaewboon, Boot, Trichavaroj, Rapee, Puangkaew, Jiraporn, Chantakulkij, Somsak, Rakyat, Phiromrat, Panjapornsuk, Pornchanok, Tragonlugsana, Nipattra, Chuenarom, Weerawan, de Souza, Mark, Ngauy, Viseth, Phanuphak, Nittaya, Chomchey, Nitiya, Saengtawan, Puttachard, Teeratakulpisarn, Nipat, Rerknimitr, Rungsun, Kroon, Eugene, Lee, Carter A., Chinaworapong, Suchada, Pitisuttithum, Punnee, Nitayaphan, Sorachai, Chariyalertsak, Suwat, Kaewkungwal, Jaranit, Dawson, Peter, Dhitavat, Jittima, Phonrat, Benjaluck, Akapirat, Siriwat, Karasavvas, Nicos, Wieczorek, Lindsay, Polonis, Victoria, Eller, Michael A, Pegu, Poonam, Kim, Dohoon, Schuetz, Alexandra, Jongrakthaitae, Surat, Zhou, Yingjun, Sinangil, Faruk, Phogat, Sanjay, Diazgranados, Carlos A, Tartaglia, James, Heger, Elizabeth, Smith, Kirsten, Michael, Nelson L, Excler, Jean-Louis, Robb, Merlin L, Kim, Jerome H, O'Connell, Robert J, and Vasan, Sandhya

Published
2020
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10. Potential To Streamline Heterologous DNA Prime and NYVAC/Protein Boost HIV Vaccine Regimens in Rhesus Macaques by Employing Improved Antigens

Author

Asbach, Benedikt, Kliche, Alexander, Köstler, Josef, Perdiguero, Beatriz, Esteban, Mariano, Jacobs, Bertram L, Montefiori, David C, LaBranche, Celia C, Yates, Nicole L, Tomaras, Georgia D, Ferrari, Guido, Foulds, Kathryn E, Roederer, Mario, Landucci, Gary, Forthal, Donald N, Seaman, Michael S, Hawkins, Natalie, Self, Steven G, Sato, Alicia, Gottardo, Raphael, Phogat, Sanjay, Tartaglia, James, Barnett, Susan W, Burke, Brian, Cristillo, Anthony D, Weiss, Deborah E, Francis, Jesse, Galmin, Lindsey, Ding, Song, Heeney, Jonathan L, Pantaleo, Giuseppe, Wagner, Ralf, and Silvestri, G.

Published
2016

14. Philosophy in a Meaningless Life

Author

Tartaglia, James

Subjects
Philosophy, Consciousness, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Meaning of life, Metaphysics, Nihilism, Ontology, Problem of universals, Transcendence (religion), bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy
Abstract

Provides an account of the nature of philosophy which is rooted in the question of the meaning of life. It makes a powerful and vivid case for believing that this question is neither obscure nor obsolete, but reflects a quintessentially human concern to which other traditional philosophical problems can be readily related; allowing them to be reconnected with natural interest, and providing a diagnosis of the typical lines of opposition across philosophy's debates. James Tartaglia looks at the various ways philosophers have tried to avoid the conclusion that life is meaningless, and in the process have distanced philosophy from the concept of transcendence.

Published
2016
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15. Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies

Author

Roper, Rachel L., Garzino-Demo, Alfredo, Del Rio, Carlos, Bréchot, Christian, Gallo, Robert, Hall, William, Esparza, José, Reitz, Marvin, Schinazi, Raymond F., Parrington, Mark, Tartaglia, James, Koopmans, Marion, Osorio, Jorge, Nitsche, Andreas, Huan, Tan Boon, LeDuc, James, Gessain, Antoine, Weaver, Scott, Mahalingam, Suresh, Abimiku, Alash'le, Vahlne, Anders, Segalés, Joaquim, Wang, Linfa, Isaacs, Stuart N, Osterhaus, Albert, Scheuermann, Richard H., McFadden, Grant, Producció Animal, and Sanitat Animal

Subjects
Orthopoxvirus vaccine, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Mpox, Smallpox vaccine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Monkeypox, Anti-virals, Poxvirus, Vaccine, mpox, Infectious Diseases, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Molecular Medicine
Abstract

The widespread outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) recognized in 2022 poses new challenges for public healthcare systems worldwide. With more than 86,000 people infected, there is concern that MPXV may become endemic outside of its original geographical area leading to repeated human spillover infections or continue to be spread person-to-person. Fortunately, classical public health measures (e.g., isolation, contact tracing and quarantine) and vaccination have blunted the spread of the virus, but cases are continuing to be reported in 28 countries in March 2023. We describe here the vaccines and drugs available for the prevention and treatment of MPXV infections. However, although their efficacy against monkeypox (mpox) has been established in animal models, little is known about their efficacy in the current outbreak setting. The continuing opportunity for transmission raises concerns about the potential for evolution of the virus and for expansion beyond the current risk groups. The priorities for action are clear: 1) more data on the efficacy of vaccines and drugs in infected humans must be gathered; 2) global collaborations are necessary to ensure that government authorities work with the private sector in developed and low and middle income countries (LMICs) to provide the availability of treatments and vaccines, especially in historically endemic/enzootic areas; 3) diagnostic and surveillance capacity must be increased to identify areas and populations where the virus is present and may seed resurgence; 4) those at high risk of severe outcomes (e.g., immunocompromised, untreated HIV, pregnant women, and inflammatory skin conditions) must be informed of the risk of infection and be protected from community transmission of MPXV; 5) engagement with the hardest hit communities in a non-stigmatizing way is needed to increase the understanding and acceptance of public health measures; and 6) repositories of monkeypox clinical samples, including blood, fluids, tissues and lesion material must be established for researchers. This MPXV outbreak is a warning that pandemic preparedness plans need additional coordination and resources. We must prepare for continuing transmission, resurgence, and repeated spillovers of MPXV. We would like to thank Drs. Ming Fan at East Carolina University and Dara Wambach and her team at Johnson & Johnson for critically reviewing the manuscript. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2023

23. Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of Late Boost Strategies for HIV-Uninfected Vaccine Recipients in the RV 144 HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial

Author

RV305 Study Team, Rerks-Ngarm, Supachai, Pitisuttithum, Punnee, Excler, Jean-Louis, Nitayaphan, Sorachai, Kaewkungwal, Jaranit, Premsri, Nakorn, Kunasol, Prayura, Karasavvas, Nicos, Schuetz, Alexandra, Ngauy, Viseth, Sinangil, Faruk, Dawson, Peter, deCamp, Allan C., Phogat, Sanjay, Garunathan, Sanjay, Tartaglia, James, DiazGranados, Carlos, Ratto-Kim, Silvia, Pegu, Poonam, Eller, Michael, Karnasuta, Chitraporn, Montefiori, David C., Sawant, Sheetal, Vandergrift, Nathan, Wills, Saintedym, Tomaras, Georgia D., Robb, Merlin L., Michael, Nelson L., Kim, Jerome H., Vasan, Sandhya, and O'Connell, Robert J.

Published
2017

25. The obstinacy of appearance : an analysis and attempted resolution of the explanatory gap debate about consciousness

Author

Tartaglia, James Phillip Frank

Subjects
126
Abstract

Explanatory gap intuitions derive from the apparent conflict between views V#1, that consciousness is a natural phenomenon, and V#2, that consciousness is subjective. Deflationists presuppose V#1, rendering V#2 problematic; inflationists presuppose V#2, rendering V#1 problematic. Attributions of essences are based on individuation within a conceptual scheme, so physicalism combined with the essentialist claim that there is no appearance/reality distinction for conscious properties creates conceptual difficulties. Attempts to move away from a conception of consciousness as appearance fail, since all principal characteristics of mind presuppose it. Appearance cannot be functionalised because a fine-grained functional description saying what appearance is says it is physical, and a looser-grained description for recognising appearance allows room for error where there cannot be any. The concept of appearance, read into V#2, is apparently indispensable, but cannot be related to the physical world: deflationists cannot talk about consciousness without it, and inflationists cannot employ it without making physicalism problematic. The Modes of Access Response says phenomenal concepts have no associated functional descriptions, express the same properties they refer to, and lack conceptual connections with physical concepts because of our psychologies. But with no leeway between how we conceive of something and what it is, phenomenal concepts cannot behave as recognitional concepts. The position belongs to a cycle of thought on the problem of conceptual difference, trying to avoid phenomenal concepts expressing intrinsic properties of appearance. There can be no resting place, given the epistemological role of appearance. But it is argued here that consciousness is not appearance. The mind is purely representational, so no properties of consciousness itself are presented to introspection. All recognitional concepts are of properties presented by consciousness. Confusion about the inescapability of the human perspective explains the apparent conceptual gulf. There are no conceptual obstacles to physicalism about consciousness.

Published
2002

32. Philosophy in a Meaningless Life : A System of Nihilism, Consciousness and Reality

Author

Tartaglia, James

Subjects
Philosophy
Abstract

Provides an account of the nature of philosophy which is rooted in the question of the meaning of life. It makes a powerful and vivid case for believing that this question is neither obscure nor obsolete, but reflects a quintessentially human concern to which other traditional philosophical problems can be readily related; allowing them to be reconnected with natural interest, and providing a diagnosis of the typical lines of opposition across philosophy's debates. James Tartaglia looks at the various ways philosophers have tried to avoid the conclusion that life is meaningless, and in the process have distanced philosophy from the concept of transcendence.

Published
2016

33. Analysis of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network 702 Phase 2b–3 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in South Africa Assessing RV144 Antibody and T-Cell Correlates of HIV-1 Acquisition Risk

Author

Moodie, Zoe, primary, Dintwe, One, additional, Sawant, Sheetal, additional, Grove, Doug, additional, Huang, Yunda, additional, Janes, Holly, additional, Heptinstall, Jack, additional, Omar, Faatima Laher, additional, Cohen, Kristen, additional, De Rosa, Stephen C, additional, Zhang, Lu, additional, Yates, Nicole L, additional, Sarzotti-Kelsoe, Marcella, additional, Seaton, Kelly E, additional, Laher, Fatima, additional, Bekker, Linda Gail, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, Innes, Craig, additional, Kassim, Sheetal, additional, Naicker, Nivashnee, additional, Govender, Vaneshree, additional, Sebe, Modulakgotla, additional, Singh, Nishanta, additional, Kotze, Philip, additional, Lazarus, Erica, additional, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, additional, Ward, Amy M, additional, Brumskine, William, additional, Dubula, Thozama, additional, Randhawa, April K, additional, Grunenberg, Nicole, additional, Hural, John, additional, Kee, Jia Jin, additional, Benkeser, David, additional, Jin, Yutong, additional, Carpp, Lindsay N, additional, Allen, Mary, additional, D’Souza, Patricia, additional, Tartaglia, James, additional, DiazGranados, Carlos A, additional, Koutsoukos, Marguerite, additional, Gilbert, Peter B, additional, Kublin, James G, additional, Corey, Lawrence, additional, Andersen-Nissen, Erica, additional, Gray, Glenda E, additional, Tomaras, Georgia D, additional, and McElrath, M Juliana, additional

Published
2022
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39. A Canarypox Vaccine Expressing Multiple Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genes Given Alone or with Rgpl20 Elicits Broad and Durable CD8⁺ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses in Seronegative Volunteers

Author

NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group, Evans, Thomas G., Keefer, Michael C., Weinhold, Kent J., Wolff, Mark, Montefiori, David, Gorse, Geoffrey J., Graham, Barney S., McElrath, M. Juliana, Clements-Mann, Mary Lou, Mulligan, Mark J., Fast, Patricia, Walker, Mary Clare, Excler, Jean-Louis, Duliege, Ann-Marie, and Tartaglia, James

Published
1999

43. Immune Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Induced by Canarypox Expressing $HIV-1_mn$ gpl20, $HIV-1_SF2$ Recombinant gp120, or Both Vaccines in Seronegative Adults

Author

NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group, Clements-Mann, Mary Lou, Weinhold, Kent, Matthews, Thomas J., Graham, Barney S., Gorse, Geoffrey J., Keefer, Michael C., McElrath, M. Juliana, Hsieh, Ray-Hahn, Mestecky, Jiri, Zolla-Pazner, Susan, Mascola, John, Schwartz, David, Siliciano, Robert, Corey, Lawrence, Wright, Peter F., Belshe, Robert, Dolin, Raphael, Jackson, Susan, Xu, Serena, Fast, Patricia, Walker, Mary Clare, Stablein, Don, Excler, Jean-Louis, Tartaglia, James, Duliege, Anne-Marie, Sinangil, Faruk, and Paoletti, Enzo

Published
1998

48. Attenuated poxvirus-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines given in infancy partially protect infant and juvenile macaques against repeated oral challenge with virulent SIV

Author

Rompay, Koen K.A. Van, Abel, Kristina, Lawson, Jonathan R., Singh, Raman P., Schmidt, Kimberli A., Evans, Thomas, Earl, Patricia, Harvey, Danielle, Franchini, Genoveffa, Tartaglia, James, Montefiori, David, Hattangadi, Shilpa, Moss, Bernard, and Marthas, Marta L.

Subjects
Macaques -- Research, Breast feeding -- Risk factors, Simian immunodeficiency virus -- Research, AIDS vaccines -- Research, Health
Abstract

In order to test pediatric vaccine candidates aimed at reducing HIV transmission through breast-feeding, an infant macaque model was developed. The results suggest that immunization of human infants with poxvirus-based HIV vaccine candidates may offer protection against early and late HIV infection through breastfeeding.

Published
2005

49. Vaccine Induction of Antibodies against a Structurally Heterogeneous Site of Immune Pressure within HIV-1 Envelope Protein Variable Regions 1 and 2

Author

Liao, Hua-Xin, Bonsignori, Mattia, Alam, Munir S., McLellan, Jason S., Tomaras, Georgia D., Moody, Anthony M., Kozink, Daniel M., Hwang, Kwan-Ki, Chen, Xi, Tsao, Chun-Yen, Liu, Pinghuang, Lu, Xiaozhi, Parks, Robert J., Montefiori, David C., Ferrari, Guido, Pollara, Justin, Rao, Mangala, Peachman, Kristina K., Santra, Sampa, Letvin, Norman L., Karasavvas, Nicos, Yang, Zhi-Yong, Dai, Kaifan, Pancera, Marie, Gorman, Jason, Wiehe, Kevin, Nicely, Nathan I., Rerks-Ngarm, Supachai, Nitayaphan, Sorachai, Kaewkungwal, Jaranit, Pitisuttithum, Punnee, Tartaglia, James, Sinangil, Faruk, Kim, Jerome H., Michael, Nelson L., Kepler, Thomas B., Kwong, Peter D., Mascola, John R., Nabel, Gary J., Pinter, Abraham, Zolla-Pazner, Susan, and Haynes, Barton F.

Published
2013
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