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Extended Abstract Background: Forests are one of the complex ecosystems of natural resources with an important role in the environment and multiple production capacities and functions. The benefit of different human societies from these resources in various forms has various effects and consequences. Without accurate and complete identification of all its stakeholders, logical and acceptable results cannot be achieved in decision-making and policy-making. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the stakeholders (actors) and their identification criteria in line with basic policies for planning, decision-making, and success in this field. Because decision-making in the management of forest resources always faces challenges and is often associated with complexity, immutability, and uncertainty due to the multi-purpose nature of the benefits and services of these resources, the difficulty of monetary valuation of ecological services, and the great diversity of the stakeholders of their services. Therefore, the stakeholders in the fields of natural resources and forests are considered vital components, and their presence and activity in these fields are undeniable and provide a guarantee of success in cooperative management for the protection of forests. The advancement of the sustainable management goals of natural resources and forests is realized by identifying an active presence of key actors and the most important and effective groups involved, i.e. forest producers and users, along with other identified stakeholders. The primary purpose of identifying those involved is the names of all those who can and should have a role in the planning and management process, and their identification is an important part of the participatory planning process because it is considered a part of the prerequisite for participation. Therefore, identifying and determining the stakeholders make it possible to take advantage of their cooperation in a planned way in the implementation and management of forestry projects and to facilitate the implementation process of the programs. Methods: To identify, weight, and prioritize the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services using multi-criteria decision-making models, the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services were first identified and gathered based on the review of various studies. Then, the research questionnaire was designed to answer two important questions in this study: a) who are the people involved in Hyrcanian forest areas? and b) what is their priority? Therefore, the beneficiaries of the economy of Hyrcanian forests were identified by designing a questionnaire scored with a Likert scale, designing items with five priority options, and determining the individuals or groups of stakeholders. In this research, the opinions of 50 experts, academics, and experts of the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization at the provincial and regional levels were used to identify the beneficiaries of the ecosystem services of Hyrcanian forests. The questionnaire was validated and confirmed by experts, and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha statistic of α = 0.97. The stakeholders of the forest ecosystem services were weighted with the Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method, the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to prioritize them. Results: By analyzing the findings of the questionnaire using experts' opinions, the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem goods and services stakeholders were identified in 19 groups and five levels, such as international, national, regional, stakeholders outside the forest, and stakeholders inside the forest. Based on the results of the weighting of the stakeholders using the SWARA technique, the forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge are among the most important Hyrcanian forest ecosystem goods and services stakeholders with the highest weight, and other stakeholders were placed in the next priorities based on the received weight. The prioritization of the stakeholders of the goods and services of the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem in the TOPSIS, ARAS, and SAW models showed similar results in terms of the prioritization of the stakeholders of the surveyed services. Conclusion: The results of stakeholder prioritization models were compared using the slope of the service weight curve (R2) in three models. The slope of the relative closeness curve of the weights in the ARAS model was a descending exponential function with an explanatory degree of 0.93, which indicated an obvious difference between the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services. The slope of the curve of the relative closeness of the weights is higher and closer to one in the ARAS model than in the other two models from different points of view. Based on this result and the consensus of some experts, the prioritization of stakeholders in the ARAS model is closer to reality. Therefore, the ARAS model was proposed as a suitable model for prioritizing the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services. According to the results of this model, forest dwellers, downstream communities on the edge of the forest, and the off-site users of the forests are considered the major stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest services. Therefore, the role, presence, and influence of these stakeholders cannot be ignored in the management of natural resources and the environment, especially in forestry projects, and it is recommended to optimally use the presence of these communities in cooperative forest management. Furthermore, the human relationship with the natural ecosystem should be at the top of policies and comprehensive management of forest resources. It is necessary to support wood planting projects through subsidy policies and to grant facilities and low-interest loans to forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge. Other necessary measures include efforts to reduce deprivations and increase the socioeconomic development of the villages on the edge of the forest, holding training entrepreneurship courses and classes, introducing handicrafts and non-wood products, identifying target markets, and strengthening the marketing network for the export of non-wood products to increase the share of the forest in the growth and economic development of rural communities on the edge of the forest. Employment programs should also be developed for local communities in the forest protection sectors.

This research examines the postmodern novels "Please Close the Door" by Javad Mojabi, a current Iranian writer who incorporates postmodern elements in unconventional circumstances, and “City of Glass" by Paul Auster. The analysis of current American writers, who write within the cultural and social backdrop of the "postmodern situation", has been conducted in a comparative manner. Given the extensive prevalence of the post-modern theme in the Western world, it is anticipated that Auster’s works will exhibit more intellectual deconstructions. Despite the presence of numerous incoherent narratives in his novel, he is expected to effectively demonstrate the post-modern qualities. Nevertheless, Mojabi is endeavoring to incorporate postmodernist elements into his works. Any shortcomings that may arise are primarily due to the novelty of postmodern concepts in Iran and the limited academic training available in this field. IntroductionComparative theories gain dynamism by incorporating other theories. We might classify this type of comparative research as interdisciplinary. Postmodern critique ideas have been employed, along with the shared characteristics mentioned in this article. Overall, we can assert that all postmodern storytellers approach the text with a fundamental purpose, utilizing three mechanisms: 1. Conveying the theory in the text through the construction of the theorist's narrative. 2. Implementation of theoretical concepts at the text's individual level 3. Unlike the other two instances and the climax, the fundamental framework of the story, a primary characteristic of postmodern storytelling, operates on a more subconscious and internal level through the utilization of theory. This artwork belongs to the postmodern art movement. It is important to acknowledge that the presence of deconstructive elements in a novel may cause discomfort and boredom for readers who are unfamiliar with this style of postmodern writing and are unable to recognize such works. Despite the numerous uncertainties, particularly towards the conclusion, it will meander.Literature ReviewIn the realm of comparative reading with regards to postmodernist elements, except for a handful of restricted instances, no other examples were discovered. In their article "Comparative reading of the components of post-modernism in the novels Posti and Frankenstein in Baghdad" (1395), Dr. Ali Afzali and Nastern Gandami analyzed the works of Iraqi novelists Mohammad Reza Katb (1345) and Ahmad Saadawi (1973) to examine the post-modern elements present in their novels. Given the novelty of this approach for the authors in question, they were unable to find any existing research on this topic. Therefore, the present research focuses on a specialized and unique analysis, comparing Javad Mojabi's post-modern works with the analysis of post-modern novels. Paul Auster has a unique background that combines academic research and practical criticism.MethodologyFrom the perspective of one of the literary criticism schools, the literary critic evaluates each book according to its capacity, as not all writings are suitable for examination from a specific critical perspective. Javad Mojabi, born in 1318, is a writer whose writings can be analyzed and pondered from a post-modern perspective. In the novel "Please Close the Door," the author employs postmodern elements in contexts that extend beyond the specific circumstances of its creation. One aspect to consider is the comparison between his works and those of Paul Auster (born in 1947), who is known for having a devoted fan base in both America and Europe, as described by Patricia Merivale. It can provide significant assistance in gaining a deeper understanding of his writings. Paul Auster’s work was influenced by the cultural and social circumstances of the "postmodern situation." This analysis will compare the two works in order to discover common postmodern features, significant elements, and distinctions, assuming that there are discernible variations in the writers' usage of postmodern elements. It is important to examine the parallels in the implementation of post-modern ideals. Given the widespread popularity of the post-modern theme in the Western world, we anticipate more sophisticated deconstructions in Paul Auster’s works. Despite the presence of numerous incoherent narratives in her novel, she is predicted to effectively showcase its post-modern features. Nevertheless, Mojabi is endeavoring to include postmodernist themes in his books. The novelty of postmodernist concepts in Iran and the lack of formal academic training in this field may account for any shortcomings. The context is.Discussion and ConclusionA comparative analysis of these two books revealed findings that did not align with the basic idea. While both novels employ text fusion in different ways, it is clear that both authors employ direct references or allusions to myths, creating collages by incorporating other people's writings and fabricating histories. By blending elements of fiction and reality and incorporating diverse literary styles from various time periods, the imagery in "Please Close the Door" has generated a sense of astonishment. However, it is important to note that this approach often involves the fabrication of historical events, which occurs more frequently in this work than in Esther's novel. Esther frequently demonstrates a refined artistic skill by creating collages that incorporate other people's writings. Mojabi's novel is characterized by the fusion of storytelling and narrative discourse. That is, narratives using unique construction methods and unexpected descriptions enhance the creative and literary merit of the work. The appearances in Esther's novel are both less aesthetically pleasing and less frequent. The simultaneous and intertwined presence of several character voices has resulted in a polyphonic narrative in both novels. Furthermore, both works lack a central principle to provide overall organization. Predictability characterizes the storyline and structure, often disrupting the logical sequence of events and narratives. Clarity is enhanced in Mojabi's novel. The phrase "Please close the door" consists of nested sub-narratives, but Esther's work exhibits a coherent structure. The presence of numerous deceptive and contrived conclusions in both novels has created opportunities for diverse reader interpretations.

The paper presents findings from a scoping review of scientific articles, projects, networks, and legal documents concerning multilingual practices at the pre-primary level in Slovenia, Croatia, Austria, and Italy aimed at exploring the extent and nature of multilingual educational practices, as well as research findings related to multilingual education at the pre-primary level in these countries. The primary objective was to assess the current situation, challenges, and future prospects of multilingual practices in preschool institutions. The results offer valuable insights into multilingual practices in these countries, highlighting the need for enhancing teachers' competence to effectively work in linguistically diverse environments.

Abstract Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), is a preventable leading cause of blindness in infants and is a condition in which the immature retina experiences abnormal blood vessel growth. The development of ROP is multifactorial; nevertheless, the risk factors are controversial. This study aimed to identify risk factors of time to development of ROP in Iran. Methods This historical cohort study utilized data from the hospital records of all newborns referred to the ROP department of Farabi Hospital (from 2017 to 2021) and the NICU records of infants referred from Mahdieh Hospital to Farabi Hospital. Preterm infants with birth weight (BW) ≤ 2000 g or gestational age (GA) 2000 g or GA ≥ 34 wk. The outcome variable was the time to development of ROP (in weeks). Random survival forest was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 338 cases, including 676 eyes, were evaluated. The mean GA and BW of the study group were 31.59 ± 2.39 weeks and 1656.72 ± 453.80 g, respectively. According to the criteria of minimal depth and variable importance, the most significant predictors of the time to development of ROP were duration of ventilation, GA, duration of oxygen supplementation, bilirubin levels, duration of antibiotic administration, duration of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), mother age, birth order, number of surfactant administration, and on time screening. The concordance index for predicting survival of the fitted model was 0.878. Conclusion Our findings indicated that the duration of ventilation, GA, duration of oxygen supplementation, bilirubin levels, duration of antibiotic administration, duration of TPN, mother age, birth order, number of surfactant administrations, and on time screening are potential risk factors of prognosis of ROP. The associations between identified risk factors were mostly nonlinear. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the nature of these relationships in managing treatment and designing early interventions.

ies, focusing on the success of these new products and the profitability of insurance companies. Methods: The Choice Experiment method is based on two basic parts, including Lancaster's value theory and Random utility function theory. According to Lancaster, a person benefits from the attributes and characteristics of a product compared to the state where he directly uses the product. Therefore, a change in price leads to a change in the Choice of a set of goods over other goods, which creates a higher cost. The theory of random utility function is the second structural part of the selection test method. Based on this theory, all the components of the utility function that result from people's choices are not directly visible to the researcher. In this research, five attributes, moral hazard, franchise, insurance premium estimate, ability to update insurance premium, and price as the main variables in two levels were considered for investigation. In such a way that the audience has two levels for each of the attributes (has the moral hazard /does not have the moral hazard, has the franchise /does not have the franchise, has the insurance premium estimate /does not have the insurance premium estimates, can update insurance premium /cannot update insurance premium, and the price attribute is up to 3000000 Tomans/up to 3750000 Tomans). To collect the necessary data and information, in February 2024, questionnaires were sent to all active private insurance companies in Mazandaran province, which had experienced experts with more than 3 years of relevant work experience, of which 45 questionnaires were completed. The Choice Experiment was valid. The conditional logit method was used to estimate the model. Hence, to ensure the correct use of the conditional logit method to estimate the model, first, using the Hausman-McFadden test, the hypothesis of independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) was examined. For this purpose, first, the model was estimated in an unrestricted form with the presence of all options; Then, by removing one of the options, the model was estimated in a restricted form and according to the x2 (chi-square) statistic, a decision was made about the desired model. If the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the coefficients (in other words, the hypothesis of independence of irrelevant alternatives) is not rejected, the conditional logit method can be used to estimate the model. Results: Based on the obtained results, the value of the chi-square statistic was equal to -1.62, which indicates the confirmation of the null hypothesis and establishing the independence of irrelevant alternatives; Accordingly, conditional logit regression is the most suitable model for investigating the effective attributes of price insurance in its acceptance by insurance companies. According to the results, the sign of the coefficients of the franchise, insurance premium, and price variables is positive and by the theory; Also, the variables of moral hazard and the ability to update have an inverse relationship with the utility of price insurance by insurance companies. The coefficient of the final effect of the moral hazard variable is equal to -0.072, which means that with other variables being constant if the characteristic of a unit's moral hazard increases, the marginal utility or willingness to pay insurers will decrease by 0.072 units. The value of the final effect of the insurance premium variable is 0.098, which states that if the premium attribute increases one unit, in a situation where other attributes are constant, the willingness to pay or the marginal utility of the insurers increases by 0.098 units. Conclusion: Accordingly, the sign of the coefficients of the franchise, insurance premium calculation, and price variables is positive and according to the theory. Also, variables of moral hazard and the ability to update insurance premiums have an inverse relationship with the utility of price insurance by insurers. The effect of the attributes of price insurance is the highest in the form of franchise, insurance premium calculation, moral hazard, and the ability to update insurance premiums. Also, considering that 70% of insurance companies' experts welcome price insurance, including it in the insurance portfolio offered by insurance companies can improve the profitability of insurance companies and on the other hand, improve the business environment related to agriculture if the insurance premium is determined and strengthen food security. By developing price insurance, the policymaker can compensate to a large extent the current damage caused by insurance of agricultural products.

Extended Abstract Background: Forests are considered the main pillars of sustainable development in any country. They play an important role in the socioeconomic development of regions by producing goods and delivering services directly and indirectly. They play a vital role in ensuring the well-being of rural and forest-dwelling communities and rural development. In recent decades, non-timber forest products have been recognized as one of the important components in sustainable forest management and poverty reduction of local and rural communities. Therefore, the need for a deeper understanding of rural livelihood and its complexity to ensure rural development is one of the factors that increases the motivation to study the role and importance of forest resource products in the rural economy. In today's era, therefore, entrepreneurship has created new opportunities for people who are talented and interested in non-wood forest products to improve their income, increase their assets and capital, and grow the standards of living in rural communities in the new economy in small and medium businesses. The development of entrepreneurship in rural areas is one of the major strategies of rural development, which can play a significant role in the sustainable development of villages. The development of rural entrepreneurship with non-wood forest products has a potential to help diversify the sources of income and rural employment, which provides suitable opportunities to reduce livelihood risks and sustainability in rural areas. Therefore, studies on the role of forest ecosystem services and the accompanied development of rural entrepreneurship in the economy of rural communities on the edge of the forest are necessary to better understand the benefits of the forest economy. Methods: This research aimed to identify and prioritize the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the Hyrcanian forests in the economic promotion of rural communities on the edge of the forest and to provide practical solutions in this field by using survey methods, field studies, and completing questionnaires. The statistical population of the research consisted of specialists and experts of Hyrcanian forests in the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization at the provincial and regional levels of the Hyrcanian forests. The questionnaire data were analyzed using SWARA and SWOT techniques. The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was then used to prioritize strategies and solutions for the economic promotion of rural communities on the edge of the forest. Results: The results of the SWOT model identified 11 strengths, 10 weaknesses, 10 opportunities, and 11 threats for the economic improvement of the rural communities on the edge of the Hyrcanian forests. Based on the results, the major strengths and weaknesses of the Hyrcanian forests in the economic promotion of rural communities on the edge of the forest were studied according to the weight score obtained in the evaluation matrix of internal factors. These include increasing the diversity of job opportunities and excessive exploitation and destruction of forest resources due to the high dependence of rural communities on the forest ecosystem. Among the opportunities, the positive consequences of creating employment for rural communities with the development of activities related to the forest and increasing the price of assets (land, buildings, etc.) due to having a forest view were given the most weight among the other factors. A major threat to the role of the Hyrcanian forests in the economic promotion of rural communities on the edge of the forest is the consequences of destruction, changes in the use of forest lands, and the entry of profit-seeking people into forest areas (illegal harvesting of forest timber or smuggling wood, mushrooms, medicinal plants., etc.), which were given the utmost weight among the other threats. Conclusion: According to the scores calculated in the strategic model, the strategies adopted in the study area are close to "competitive" strategies. Therefore, the relevant authorities should try to take steps toward these strategies and make maximum use of its external opportunities by using the strengths of the Hyrcanian forests in the economic promotion of the rural communities on the edge of the forest. The results of the implementation of the QSPM matrix indicated that the strategies of supporting timber and beekeeping projects through subsidy policies, providing facilities and low-interest loans, efforts to reduce deprivations and increase the socioeconomic development of villages on the edge of the forest, introducing the tourist attractions of the Hyrcanian forests, developing nature tourism, rural ecotourism in different ways, promoting the environmental awareness and culture of communities, and the development of NGOs and nature-loving institutions obtained the most points and were assigned the first to fourth priorities among the other strategies. Therefore, the research findings show that entrepreneurship through non-timber forest products and tourism creates new opportunities for talented and interested people to improve their income, increase their assets and capital, and improve the standards of living in rural communities to grow small and medium businesses in the new economy. Therefore, the results of the research indicate that entrepreneurship through non-timber forest products and tourism creates new opportunities for talented and interested people to improve their income, increase their property and capital, and grow the standards of living in rural communities in the new economy in small and medium businesses. Furthermore, rural entrepreneurship and the development of small businesses using non-timber forest products, tourist attractions, nature tourism, and ecotourism in the villages on the edge of the Hyrcanian forests should be regarded as suitable solutions for empowerment and capacity building in the target villages to change the current life pattern, reduce the urban-rural gap, create socioeconomic equality, and economic development and promotion of rural communities on the edge of the forests.

Abstract In this work, a novel series of N-phenylacetamide-1,2,3-triazole-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives 5a–n were designed by consideration of the potent α-glucosidase inhibitors containing indole and carboxamide-1,2,3-triazole-N-phenylacetamide moieties. These compounds were synthesized by click reaction and evaluated against yeast α-glucosidase. All the newly title compounds demonstrated superior potency when compared with acarbose as a standard inhibitor. Particularly, compound 5k possessed the best inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with around a 28-fold improvement in the inhibition effect in comparison standard inhibitor. This compound showed a competitive type of inhibition in the kinetics. The molecular docking and dynamics demonstrated that compound 5k with a favorable binding energy well occupied the active site of α-glucosidase.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the common complications in premature neonates. ROP examination is one of the most important examinations for premature babies, which is associated with pain and can be very annoying. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods in reducing the pain of ROP examination. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a double-blind, randomized control trial on 300 ROP examinations of patients who were hospitalized in the NICU department of Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran. The neonates were randomly selected into three groups, and ketamine 2mg/kg nasally, fentanyl two µg/kg nasally10minutes before an examination, and acetaminophen 2drop/kg orally 30 minutes before each examination were given to each neonate as two pharmacological groups. In the non-pharmacological group, infants received saddling-pacifier oral sucrose 25% 0.5cc 2 minutes before examination. Pain was assessed based on PIPP (premature infant pain index). Results: The amount of pain after using oral sucrose was significantly lower than the ketamine-acetaminophen (P-value=0.011) and fentanyl-acetaminophen (P-value=0.027) groups, but there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups of ketamine-acetaminophen and fentanyl-acetaminophen (P-value=0.953). The hypoxia was more prevalent in the ketamine-acetaminophen group (18.8%), and the least hypoxia occurred in the oral sucrose treatment group (7%) (P-value=0.028). Conclusion: It is concluded that the effect of non-pharmacological drugs is greater than pharmacological drugs in reducing the pain of neonates during ROP examination. The effect of oral sucrose in reducing pain was more significant than ketamine-acetaminophen and fentanyl-acetaminophen. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups of ketamine-acetaminophen and fentanyl-acetaminophen.

Abstract Purpose To investigate foveal changes in infants with ROP not requiring treatment(nROP) and ROP infants needing treatment (tROP) using a handheld SD-OCT device. Method We performed horizontal SD-OCT scans through the fovea in 156 eyes of 81 infants diagnosed with ROP. Foveal immaturity indices including the presence of inner retinal layers (IRL), absence of foveal outer nuclear layers widening (ONL) and attenuation of hyperreflective outer segment layers (OS), presence and type of cystoid macular edema (CME), epiretinal membrane (ERM), foveal pit depth (FPD), foveal pit width (FPW) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were calculated. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to predict the need for treatment based on OCT measurements. Results The shape of the foveolar pit was not significantly different among tROP and nROP groups (P-value = 0.287, Chi-square test). IRL extrusion was incomplete in both tROP and nROP groups (P-value = 0.0.41, Chi-square test). Nevertheless, the presence of thicker IRL was more frequent in the nROP group in comparison with the tROP group (100% vs.64.8%, P-value = 0.001). CME was observed in 29% of eyes in the tROP group and 40% of eyes in the nROP group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P-value = 0.32, Chi-square test). ERM was detected in 15 (75%) and 84 (65.6%) eyes in the nROP and tROP groups, respectively (P-value = 0.39, Chi-square test). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the need for treatment was significantly associated with gestational age (GA), CFT and FPD (P-values 0.001 and 0.002 respectively). Conclusions This study demonstrated GA, foveal pit depth and the central foveal thickness could accurately predict the need for treatment with sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 97%, 65% and 91.7% respectively.

Considering the role of inflammatory mediators in both orthodontic movements and the development of periodontal diseases and taking into accountthe role of Interleukin 17 as an important inflammatory mediator in orthodontic treatments and the impact of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a new and appropriate adjuvant therapy, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of LLLT on IL-17 levels in gingival cervicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic treatment.Materials & Methods:In this clinical trial study, 12 patients in need of orthodontic treatment were selected. In these patients, one side of the mouth was randomly selected for laser irradiation and the other side as a control. Diode LLL irradiation with a wavelength of 810 nm was performed throughout the gingival Cervicular on days 0, 2, 18, and 30 after orthodontic treatment. Sampling was performed on days 0, 2, 18, and 30 by placing paper points in distal, mesial, palatal, and buccal sulcus of the maxillary fifth molar on the both sidesfor 30 seconds. All samples were then transferred to the laboratory and IL-17 level was determined by ELISA reader. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test and One-way ANOVA.Results:Mean IL-17 levels at day zero (p value = 0.62) and day 2 after orthodontic treatment (p value = 0.19) were not significantly different betweenthe control and laser treated sides, howeverthey were significantly lower in the laser-treated group than the control group on days 18 and 30 after orthodontic treatment (p value < 0.001). The mean IL-17 levels decreased in both groups during the treatment period, but this decreasewas significant on day 18.Conclusion:The results of the present study indicate thetherapeutic role of diode LLL in reducing inflammation, and Il-17 levels in both sides of the mouth gradually decreased over time, and thisdecrease was more pronounced in the laser-treated side than in the control side

Abstract Stability of the brain functional network is directly linked to organization of synchronous and anti-synchronous activities. Nevertheless, impact of arrangement of positive and negative links called links topology requires to be well understood. In this study, we investigated how topology of the functional links reduce balance-energy of the brain network in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and push the network to a more stable state as compared to healthy controls. Therefore, functional associations between the regions were measured using the phase synchrony between the EEG activities. Subsequently, balance-energy of the brain functional network was estimated based on the quality of triadic interactions. Occurrence rates of four different types of triadic interactions including weak and strong balanced, and unbalanced interactions were compared. In addition, impact of the links topology was also investigated by looking at the tendency of positive and negative links to making hubs. Our results showed although the number of positive and negative links were not statistically different between OCD and healthy controls, but positive links in OCDs’ brain networks have more tendency to make hub. Moreover, lower number of unbalanced triads and higher number of strongly balanced triad reduced the balance-energy in OCDs’ brain networks that conceptually has less requirement to change. We hope these findings could shed a light on better understanding of brain functional network in OCD.

Objective This study aims to identify the organizational responsibilities of managers in providing employees with “commands” and its related derivatives by examining the verses of the Holy Quran. Methods The methodology used in this study to explore the role of command in organizational culture in the light of the Holy Quran is the subjective research method within the Holy Quran. Hadiths, interpretive, translation, and lexical sources were also utilized to enrich the research. Thematic axes were designed, and the extracted concepts were organized under them. Results Competent managers issue commands by assessing the situation and considering various conditions to ensure their successful implementation. These conditions include adherence to organizational rules and regulations, clear communication of rules and commands, continuous development and self-improvement of managers, fostering an organizational environment that resembles a family where managers pay attention to employees as if they were family members, implementing an employee meal plan, managing based on individual employee characteristics, encouraging organizational participation of employees, managing the organization with trust in God (a vital value that affects all managerial duties), and employing a system of encouragement and punishment. Conclusion The responsibilities of managers in commanding employees within organizations encompass three distinct phases: pre-commanding, commanding, and post-commanding, each involving various components.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women, significantly leading to depression, anxiety, and stress. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a couple's educational program on anxiety, depression, and stress in breast cancer patients with mastectomy. Methods: This randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, in 2017. The study participants included 45 breast cancer patients which were divided into an intervention (n = 21) and a control group (n = 24). The intervention group received 3 educational sessions on dealing with post-mastectomy complications, coping with difficult emotions, and maintaining sexual relationships. Their depression, anxiety, and stress scores were evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale ‎(DASS) on the screening session, and then, 12 weeks after the intervention. In the control group, patients were given general education about breast cancer. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Repeated measures ANCOVA and Independent t-test were used to compare the quantitative variables between the two groups. Results: In the intervention group, depression, anxiety, and stress scores significantly decreased after the education (P < 0.01). In the control group, there was no significant difference in the depression, anxiety, and stress scores between the screening session and 12 weeks after the intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Specific education on maintaining sexual relationships and coping psychologically following a mastectomy can help decrease depression, anxiety, and stress in breast cancer patients and their partners.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease caused by the bite of infectious female sand flies with high socioeconomic burdens. There is currently no non-invasive, point-of-care, diagnostic method with high sensitivity and specificity available for CL. We herein report the development of a non-invasive tape disc (TD) sampling method combined with a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using primer sets targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) of Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) with a colorimetric readout for species-specific diagnosis of CL. We tested our Tape-Disc (TD)-LAMP method on a panel of skin samples collected by TD from 35 confirmed L. tropica patients, 35 healthy individuals and 35 patients with non-L. tropica infections. The detection limit of the TD-LAMP assay was determined as 1 fg (fg), and the assay sensitivity and specificity of 97 % and 100 % for L. tropica infection, respectively. This non-invasive, sensitive and rapid diagnostic method warrants further exploration of its use for differential diagnosis of CL in disease endemic settings.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of complex chemical entities resulting from non-enzymatic reactions between reducing sugars with proteins, lipids and/or nucleic acids. AGEs tend to accumulate in cells and stimulate diverse signaling pathways that are closely related to the emergence of several chronic metabolic disorders. This review is based on keywords “medicinal plant”, “AGEs”, “AGEs complication”, “AGEs inhibitor” and their characteristics. The keywords are widely identified and checked in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The complex processes of AGEs formation and their impact on human health are reviewed along with recent developments in AGEs inhibitors derived from natural compounds. In addition, the mechanisms of action of natural inhibitors such as quercetin, lignan, chlorogenic acid, resveratrol and stilbenes are summarized in the protection of glycation-sensitive sites in proteins, removal of active carbonyl compounds, chelating metal ions, and reduction of blood glucose levels. Despite showing glycation-induced-free radicals scavenging activity, these compounds have not yet been widely used in clinical field. Therefore, such natural compounds with specific molecular frameworks might have great potential to pave the way of new drugs discovery.

Abstract Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrotic cell death in which a signaling cascade induces oligomerization of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein, leading to plasma membrane rupture. Necroptotic cell death is recognized as important for protection against viral infection and has roles in a variety of diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Despite its relevance to health and disease states, many questions remain about the precise mechanism of necroptotic cell death, cellular factors that can protect cells from necroptosis, and the role of necroptosis in disease models. In this study, we engineered a light-activated version of MLKL that rapidly oligomerizes and is recruited to the plasma membrane in cells exposed to light, inducing rapid cell death. We demonstrate this tool can be controlled spatially and temporally, used in a chemical genetic screen to identify chemicals and pathways that protect cells from MLKL-induced cell death, and used to study signaling responses of non-dying bystander cells. In additional studies, we re-engineered MLKL to block its cell-killing capacity but retain light-mediated membrane recruitment, developing a new single-component optogenetic tool that allows modulation of protein function at the plasma membrane.

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common obesity‐associated cancers. Inflammation is also considered the most important factor between obesity and CRC. This study aimed to examine miRNAs binding sites variants on inflammatory genes identified using bioinformatics and systematic approach on clinical samples that were collected from CRC patients and controls. Methods The candidate variants related to CRC inflammatory genes were obtained from genome‐wide association studies and their population‐specific haplotypes. The variants were analyzed according to their genomic position on the miRNA targetome. Targetome variants in inflammation‐related genes were selected for genetic association study by TaqMan genotyping assay. Results The GG genotype of rs7473 decreased the risk of obesity (p

Resālat al-Abrāj is one of Suhrawardi’s symbolic stories in Arabic, full of symbols and metaphors asking for a return to the original homeland. Nevertheless, which roles do these symbols and metaphors play in understanding the text, and how should they be interpreted? Paul Ricoeur, one of the contemporary hermeneutics philosophers, considers symbol, metaphor, and narrative very essential as media through which one obtains the knowledge of oneself and one’s surrounding world. Interpreting symbols and metaphors with Ricoeur’s method in Resālat al-Abrāj provides an opportunity to understand Ricoeur’s hermeneutics and his method as well as an illuminated text in the contemporary worldview. Ricoeur’s hermeneutic method is a dialectic between “explanation” and “understanding”: interpretation begins with a semantic explanation of the text, especially symbols and metaphors as places to create new meanings. The interaction between these new meaning fields leads us to the world of the text: the world in which the reader finds the possibility of living and appropriates it. By this method, we understand that the world of Resālat al-Abrāj reminds the sacred call to “Return” to the illuminated homeland, and rouses the love towards this homeland for those who find themselves in deep darkness. This illuminated world threatens the current world of contemporary humans, because the concept of the sacred homeland may be a false consciousness. However, the world of the text, by reminding ontological darkness, points out deceits of consciousness. This new possibility results in the fundamental development of the reader’s world and his self-knowledge.

Background and Objective: Biological needs are basic human needs for survival according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Therefore, the relationship between socioeconomic status and safety behaviors is not far-fetched. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on safety behavior in workers of the subway construction project in Qom, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on workers of the subway construction project in Qom in 2020. The sample size was determined by a census of 200 people based on the study criteria. Socioeconomic status and safety behavior questionnaires were subsequently completed for the participants. The data were extracted and analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) after completing the questionnaires. Results: The results of the study revealed no significant relationship between the level of education and safety behavior (P-value> 0.05); however, a significant relationship was observed between that and safety compliance (P-value= 0.006). No significant relationship was discovered between the type of employment and socioeconomic status (P-value=0.008). Also, No significant relationship was found between economic status with safety observation, participation, and behavior (P-value> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated no significant relationship between socio-economic status and compliance, participation, and safety behavior of individuals. Organizational, cultural, and individual factors affect safety and safety behavior along with socioeconomic status. No relationship was observed between socioeconomic status and employee safety behavior which can be attributed to coverage of other factors that failed to be examined in this study.

In public organizations, depending on the economic climate of the country, such as recession or economic prosperity, the allocated budget varies. In such conditions, these organizations face the problem of defining the types of development projects outsourcing and determining the appropriate method of payment to contractors is critical. because the lack of proper management in the amount and time of budget expenditures can impose costs on the organization beyond expectations. In this study, recession, equilibrium and economic prosperity, is considered an effective factor in budget allocation. Therefore, for cost minimization and risk coverage, we present a robust scenario-based optimization model that incorporates the completion times, expediting costs, delay penalties and budget uncertainties to evaluate internal resources and available contractors for conducting the project and to determine the optimal solution and payment scheduling that minimizes the total cost. The slight difference between the maximum and minimum response stability under different management attitudes indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Our results demonstrate that when the project completion time is promoted and there are no considerations for quality and technical knowledge, it is necessary to issue outsourcing allowance and the activities should be designed in a manner that they can be outsourced.

Aim and Introduction: Despite the elite and educated forces in the country and the existence of science and technology parks to support them and the impact of park policies on established companies, human resources and society; The question is why there is no relative satisfaction with the human resource situation of science and technology parks and technology companies. This issue is more important because the country's macro orientations are towards the knowledge-based economy, and in this economy, the main factor is human knowledge resources. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic structure of the support system in the human resource structure of science and technology parks.Methodology: This research has been done by using system dynamics approach and through group model building method.This research is a mixed method research (qualitative and quantitative) and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research. In order to conduct the present study, using expert opinion in in-depth group modeling interviews, problem redefining as well as dynamic hypothesis and various models of system dynamics (including behavior diagrams over time, rich picture, cause and effect diagrams and flow) were designed. For this purpose, according to Winz and Gary (2007) from a group of 8 people whose members were purposefully selected, which included two managers from the park headquarters, two managers from technology companies, two employees from technology companies and two university graduates.Finding: The findings of this study were analyzed in the form of system dynamics modeling steps using Vensim software. Examination of the data in the dynamic problem definition showed that despite the growth of human resources in the environment and consequently the park's expectations of human resources growth of companies, the quality of human resources of technology companies has not grown much over time and has continued to move with an almost constant trend. This issue shows the importance of effective factors as well as effective policies on improving the quantitative and qualitative level of human resources in science and technology parks. Problem modeling also showed that the whole system consists of two interactive human resource models in the headquarters of science and technology parks and an interactive human resource model in technology companies with 6 reinforcing loops and 5 balancing loops.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of modeling led to the identification of three strategies for reducing park support along with the development of park services, the establishment of a center for evaluation and development of human resources and the development of institutions and educational processes of science and technology parks.

Abstract Determining the solubility of non-hydrocarbon gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) in water and brine is one of the most controversial challenges in the oil and chemical industries. Although many researches have been conducted on solubility of gases in brine and water, very few researches investigated the solubility of power plant flue gases (CO2–N2 mixtures) in aqueous solutions. In this study, using six intelligent models, including Random Forest, Decision Tree (DT), Gradient Boosting-Decision Tree (GB-DT), Adaptive Boosting-Decision Tree (AdaBoost-DT), Adaptive Boosting-Support Vector Regression (AdaBoost-SVR), and Gradient Boosting-Support Vector Regression (GB-SVR), the solubility of CO2–N2 mixtures in water and brine solutions was predicted, and the results were compared with four equations of state (EOSs), including Peng–Robinson (PR), Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK), Valderrama–Patel–Teja (VPT), and Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT). The results indicate that the Random Forest model with an average absolute percent relative error (AAPRE) value of 2.8% has the best predictions. The GB-SVR and DT models also have good precision with AAPRE values of 6.43% and 7.41%, respectively. For solubility of CO2 present in gaseous mixtures in aqueous systems, the PC-SAFT model, and for solubility of N2, the VPT EOS had the best results among the EOSs. Also, the sensitivity analysis of input parameters showed that increasing the mole percent of CO2 in gaseous phase, temperature, pressure, and decreasing the ionic strength increase the solubility of CO2–N2 mixture in water and brine solutions. Another significant issue is that increasing the salinity of brine also has a subtractive effect on the solubility of CO2–N2 mixture. Finally, the Leverage method proved that the actual data are of excellent quality and the Random Forest approach is quite reliable for determining the solubility of the CO2–N2 gas mixtures in aqueous systems.

Abstract Selection and breeding for drought tolerance in rice have always been one of the leading objectives for rice breeders in water-deficient farming areas. In the present study, we applied the potential of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population, which were derived from cross Shahpasand (Iranian landrace) and IR28, for the development of drought-tolerant rice lines. One hundred fifty-two lines along with five check varieties were investigated from 2017 to 2019 under non-stress and drought stress conditions. The yield reduction caused by drought based on overall mean during 2017, 2018, and 2019 were estimated to be 89.40, 57.95, and 35.31%, respectively. Using different statistical methods, certain lines, including L33, L90, and L109, which are considered as the best lines in most environments, were found to be promising for being utilized to increase rice drought tolerance. The averages of grain yield of the above-mentioned lines were respectively 6.45, 5.80, and 5.70 t ha−1 under non-stress condition, and respectively 2.77, 2.66, and 2.59 t ha−1 under drought stress condition. The yield reduction of the selected lines were significantly lower than that of others indicating the significant transgressive segregation. The results revealed using the combination of the best identified tolerance and susceptibility indices and GT-biplot are effective methods for screening superior lines. However, their utilization is not easy and requires specialized packages. For the first time, we introduced a new composite index as a combination of significant indices (CSI). CSI is in the form of a linear function of indices which effectiveness is determined by their correlation coefficient with grain yield. According to our results, using CSI, the identified rice drought-tolerant lines were in high agreement with those obtained by other methods, demonstrating that CSI is a simple but reliable composite index.

Vaccine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare type of acquired TTP recently reported after COVID-19 vaccination. Merely four cases are ascribed to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in the medical literature till the preparation of this study. In this case report, we describe a 43-year-old man who developed symptoms of TTP four days after receiving the second dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Peripheral blood smear demonstrated multiple schistocytes. Given a high plasmic score, he received plasma exchange, corticosteroids, and rituximab, and later, low ADAMTS 13 activity and high-titer ADAMTS inhibition antibody confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 vaccine-associated TTP. COVID-19 vaccine-associated TTP is an infrequent consequence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination but with a substantial mortality rate which must be considered as one of the crucial differential diagnoses of post-COVID-19 vaccine thrombocytopenia besides vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia and Immune thrombocytopenic purpura.