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An in situ synchrotron experimental study of phase formation dynamics in clad mechanocomposites of Ti–Al systems during high-temperature synthesis was performed. Cladding of the obtained mechanocomposites was carried out with an SiO2 target, with a deposition time of 40 min. The high-temperature synthesis was performed using the thermal explosion method based on a microwave induction heater in the in situ mode on an experimental setup adapted to synchrotron radiation time-resolved diffractometry. The influence of the cladding on the macrokinetic parameters of synthesis in situ was investigated experimentally. It was found that for an ignition temperature T ig = 650 ± 10°C, the maximum synthesis temperatures were in the range T max = 1380–1465°C. The characteristic heating speed was 525 K min−1. The sequence and temperature–time interval of phase formation are determined. The formation of the TiAl, TiAl3 and Ti3Al compounds begins at T = 661°C. At T max = 1465.6°C, the synthesis product is multiphase, the structures of the formed TiAl3 (content about 70%) and TiAl (content about 25%) have a nonequilibrium state. At the stage of system annealing with T = 1384.9°C, the reaction of the components occurs with the formation of almost monophase TiAl (content of more than 90%); Ti occupies the rest.

The article’s aim is to consider the history of the lexeme обаяние in the history of the Russian language. The synchronous-diachronic method and the method of component analysis allow to review the derivatives from the point of view of the integral-differential semantic features. On the basis of the study, motivational links were revealed, lexemes-synonyms were presented, the presence of a dialectal word-formation nest with the top -баять- was established. The article also notes cases of the development of the additional meanings of the word обаяние and its derivatives. The author of the article proposed an extended interpretation of the lexeme обаяние in modern Russian. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the compilation of these lexicographic sources and the complex description of the semantic structure of the word обаяние. The article may be addressed to university teachers of the in the preparation of lectures and practical exercises in lexicology and etymology, school teachers to improve the spelling literacy of pupils, as well as to anyone, who is interested in the history of the Russian language.

New molecular cytogenetic biomarkers may significantly contribute to biodosimetry, whose application is still globally diverse and not fully standardized. In 2011, a new term, chromothripsis, was introduced raising great interest among researchers and soon motivating further investigations of the phenomenon. Chromothripsis is described as a single event in which one or more chromosomes go through severe DNA damage very much resembling rogue cells (RC) described more than 50 years ago. In this review, we for the first time compare these two multi-aberrant cells types, RC versus chromothriptic cells, giving insight into the similarities of the mechanisms involved in their etiology. In order to make a better comparison, data on RC in 3366 subjects from studies on cancer patients, Chernobyl liquidators, child victims of the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident, residentially and occupationally exposed population have been summarized for the first time. Results of experimental and epidemiological analysis show that chromothriptic cells and RC may be caused by exposure to high LET ionizing radiation. Experience and knowledge collected on RC may be used in future for further investigations of chromothripsis, introducing a new class of cells which include both chromothriptic and RC, and better insight into the frequency of chromothriptic cell per subject, which is currently absent. Both cell types are relevant in investigations of cancer etiology, biomonitoring of accidentally exposed population to ionizing radiation and biomonitoring of astronauts due to their exposure to high LET ionizing radiation during interplanetary voyages.

Cells with specific multiple chromosome aberrations, defined as rogue cells (RC) have been described in different populations, predominantly those exposed to radiation. The frequency, etiology and related health risks have still not been elucidated due to their low frequency of occurrences and rarely performed studies. This study reports RC frequency using chromosome aberration (CA) assay in peripheral lymphocytes in the group of 3242 subjects, during a 30-year long follow-up study in a general rural and urban population, children environmentally exposed to radon, occupationally exposed population and lung cancer patients from the Kemerovo region (Siberia, Russian Federation). Results show that the highest RC frequency was present in children environmentally exposed to radon and the lowest in the general urban population. Total frequency of CA did not correlate with frequency of RC. Genotoxic analysis of air and water samples excluded anthropogenic pollution as a possible cause of genome damage and RC frequency. In 85% of RCs, double minutes, observed in a large number of human tumors, were present. Results of CA analysis suggested that radon and its decay products (alpha-emitters) were the leading factors causing RC in subjects exposed to high LET radiation. Thus, RC may be a candidate biomarker for exposure to this type of radiation.

The paper covers the issue of conceptual signs of the concept charm in modern aphorisms about charm. The judgments of Russian writers, aphorists, scientists, philosophers, linguists and culturologists are considered and interpreted. The analysis of the aphorisms enabled to identify the semantic potential of the lexeme charm. Besides, it has become possible to identify the characteristic and specific features of perception, and to identify common and differential semes realized in the context. The linguistic methods used by the authors are marked and classified. On the basis of the material researched the expanded definition of the concept charm is derived and presented.

In this study, the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations were analysed in samples of peripheral blood from 372 (mean age = 12.24 ± 2.60 years old) long-term resident children in a boarding school (Tashtagol city, Kemerovo Region, Russian Federation) under conditions of high exposure to radon and its decay products. As a control group, we used blood samples from people living in Zarubino village (Kemerovo Region, Russian Federation). We discovered that the average frequencies of single and double fragments, chromosomal exchanges, total number of aberrations, chromatid type, chromosome type and all types of aberrations were significantly increased in the exposed group. This is evidence of considerable genotoxicity to children living under conditions of high exposure to radon compared to children living under ecological conditions without increased radon radiation.

The modernization of traditional process and service industries, organization of trading and procurement procedures, related financial and logistical operations, change in the structure of consumption associated with the through penetration of information technologies and digitization of economic processes creates the basis for formation of new markets and conditions for their functioning. As employees, consumers, businesses, and manufacturing processes become increasingly related as a single digital space, digitalization offers wide possibilities for new decision-making models being the basis for ongoing global economic and social transformations which change business and consumer models, one of which is the sharing economy. The digital model of sharing economy will be developed and transformed in the next few years to achieve the main purpose – the use of unengaged or underused assets in the economy. In this regard, the search for new tools and technologies for business models development is vital. The authors present the content, advantages, current state and prospects for development of the distributed registry technology (blockchain). It is presented that it will increase transparency, security and efficiency of transactions of economic entities in various financial and non-financial fields. A transactional model of the economic system based on the blockchain technology is presented. The sharing economy features and characteristics are given.

Clinically available red blood cells (RBCs) for transfusions are at high demand, but in vitro generation of RBCs from hematopoietic stem cells requires significant quantities of growth factors. Here, we describe the production of four human growth factors: erythropoietin (EPO), stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), either as non-fused proteins or as fusions with a carrier molecule (lichenase), in plants, using a Tobacco mosaic virus vector-based transient expression system. All growth factors were purified and their identity was confirmed by western blotting and peptide mapping. The potency of these plant-produced cytokines was assessed using TF1 cell (responsive to EPO, IL-3 and SCF) or MCF-7 cell (responsive to IGF-1) proliferation assays. The biological activity estimated here for the cytokines produced in plants was slightly lower or within the range cited in commercial sources and published literature. By comparing EC50 values of plant-produced cytokines with standards, we have demonstrated that all four plant-produced growth factors stimulated the expansion of umbilical cord blood-derived CD34(+) cells and their differentiation toward erythropoietic precursors with the same potency as commercially available growth factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the generation of all key bioactive cytokines required for the erythroid development in a cost-effective manner using a plant-based expression system.

T-regulatory CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes play a central role in regulating immune response and preventing autoimmunity. There is a broad spectrum of potential clinical applications of expanded T-regs including but not limited to treatments of graft versus host disease, transplant rejection, and type I diabetes. K562 cell line with stable expression of lentivirus-introduced CD64 and CD86 markers (KT64/86) and loaded with anti-CD3 antibodies was used to expand human CD4+CD25 high T lymphocytes. Though in several occasions stimulation of CD4+CD25high cells with KT64/86 only resulted in production of functional T-regulatory cells, only when antibiotic rapamycin was added to the cultures, functional Tregs were produced in 100% of stimulations. These cells were also active in vivo in reversing GVHD in NOG mice. Total CD4 lymphocytes grown in the presence of rapamycin though suppressive in vitro were not able to reverse GVHD in mice. Substitution of CD86 with CD80 resulted in a less potent Tregs. Addition of certain members of TNF receptor family such as CD70, OX40 ligand or 4-1BB ligand to KT64/86 cells, had different effects on expansion of Treg cell lines. While CD70 addition did not show any impact, 4-1BB and OX-40 ligands in most cases stimulated growth of T-regulatory cell lines but at the same time in most cases also attenuated their activity. The project is supported by JDRF Collaborative Center for Cell Therapy grant to C.J.

Meeting abstracts Assess the range of starting T cell percentage in the CTL019 expansion process. The current CTL019 process targets 450e9 total nucleated cells (TNC) at seeding of the static culture bags prior to activation and transduction (Kalos M et al. 2011; Maude et al. 2014). However, less