Search

Introduction: Part of the interventions in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) consist of the administration of crystalloids, implying a risk for the development of side effects. One of these is hyperchloremia, linked to the appearance of metabolic acidemia and systemic inflammatory response. Given these findings, observational studies have been developed, trying to establish an association between hyperchloremia and outcomes such as mortality and kidney failure; however, its diverse results prompt the development of new studies. In Colombia, there are no prospective cohort studies that establish any type of association with hard outcomes. Goal. To determine the association between the development of hyperchloremia and mortality and acute renal failure, in patients hospitalized in the ICU, in two hospitals in Bogotá D.C. Methodology: Analytical prospective cohort study conducted between June 1, 2019 and August 31, 2021. Results: 325 patients were analyzed, the cumulative incidence of hyperchloremia and acute renal failure in the entire study population was 44.6% and 29.5%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of death in the exposed was 36.5% vs 23.3% in the unexposed, with a relative risk RR=1.57, (95% CI 1.11-2.2) (p=

Mounting clinical and preclinical evidence supports a key role for sustained adrenergic signaling in the tumor microenvironment as a driver of tumor growth and progression. However, the mechanisms by which adrenergic neurotransmitters are delivered to the tumor microenvironment are not well understood. Here we present evidence for a feed-forward loop whereby adrenergic signaling leads to increased tumoral innervation. In response to catecholamines, tumor cells produced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in an ADRB3/cAMP/Epac/JNK-dependent manner. Elevated BDNF levels in the tumor microenvironment increased innervation by signaling through host neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 receptors. In patients with cancer, high tumor nerve counts were significantly associated with increased BDNF and norepinephrine levels and decreased overall survival. Collectively, these data describe a novel pathway for tumor innervation, with resultant biological and clinical implications.Significance: Sustained adrenergic signaling promotes tumor growth and metastasis through BDNF-mediated tumoral innervation. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3233–42. ©2018 AACR.

CARS imaging of ex vivo ovarian cancer samples

Fig. S1. Sustained adrenergic signaling increases nerve counts in tumors. Fig. S2. Characterization of tumoral innervation. Fig. S3. NE induces BDNF expression. Fig. S4. NE-induced BDNF expression is mediated by ADRB3/Epac/Jnk. Fig. S5. BDNF increases nerve counts. Fig. S6. Adrenergic-mediated mTrkB activation leads to increased in vivo tumor nodule counts. Table S1. Alteration in pathways associated with neuronal growth and function after NE treatment (HeyA8 and SKOV3ip1 cells). Table S2. Association of Clinicopathologic variables with BDNF protein expression. Table S3. Association of Clinicopathologic variables with Nerve Counts.

CARS imaging of ex vivo ovarian cancer samples

Los recursos digitales son una herramienta importante en la vida cotidiana de toda la sociedad, por lo cual es necesario conocer la calidad de estos recursos, en especial en el ámbito educativo, como los propuestos por el Ministerio de Educación en los textos escolares. Esta investigación, de tipo cualitativa, da cuenta de los recursos educativos digitales propuestos en los textos escolares de Biología y Química de Educación Secundaria chilena del año 2018. Para ello se buscó conocer la disponibilidad; rol pedagógico y calidad de dichos recursos, a través de análisis de contenido en una muestra de tres textos escolares de Biología: 1, 2 y 3-4 de secundaria y tres de Química: 1, 2 y 3-4, también de secundaria. Se evidencia que existen 24 recursos no disponibles en los textos de Biología, de un total de 76; y 67 recursos de 148 en los textos de Química. En el rol pedagógico de los recursos predomina el informativo en desmedro del demostrativo e interactivo en ambas disciplinas. Finalmente, en cuanto a la calidad de los recursos definida como excelente, regular y deficiente, se observa que los textos de Química proporcionan recursos de mejor calidad.

espanolResumen El estudio presenta una exploracion acerca de las percepciones de docentes de instituciones oficiales sobre sus acciones innovadoras, en Bogota, Colombia. Se utilizaron metodos mixtos, para explorar percepciones sobre la generacion y desarrollo de acciones de innovacion educativa, identificar los mecanismos utilizados para difundirlas y conocer las problematicas asociadas al logro de las actividades innovadoras en la educacion publica. Los resultados ofrecen las bases para construir estrategias de difusion y reconocimiento de las acciones innovadoras en la practica docente, y muestran la necesidad de comprender mejor las condiciones, situacion, intereses y posibilidades de los docentes de instituciones oficiales. EnglishAbstract This paper presents an exploration of the teacher's perceptions about their innovative actions, in official institutions of Bogota, Colombia. Mixed methods were used to explore perceptions regarding the generation and development of educational innovative actions, to identify the mechanisms used to disseminate those actions, and to learn about the problems associated with the achievement of innovative activities in public education. The results offer the grounds to build strategies for the dissemination and recognition of innovative actions in teaching practice and show the need to understand the conditions, situation, interests, and possibilities of those teachers. portuguesResumo O estudo apresenta uma pesquisa exploratoria sobre as percepcoes que os professores de escolas publicas em Bogota (Colombia) tem sobre suas acoes inovadoras. Metodos mistos foram utilizados para pesquisar percepcoes sobre a geracao e o desenvolvimento de acoes de inovacao educacional, identificar os mecanismos utilizados para dissemina-las e conhecer os problemas associados a realizacao de atividades inovadoras na educacao publica. Os resultados oferecem a base para a construcao de estrategias de divulgacao e reconhecimento de acoes inovadoras na pratica docente, e mostram a necessidade de aprofundar e compreender melhor as condicoes, situacoes, interesses e possibilidades dos professores en relacao com os processos de inovacao.

Before mentioning the expression approach that I used in my native language 'Wayunkeera', it is necessary for me to contextualize to readers about the place where I carried out my investigation, in the Wuinpumuin territory “towards the water path” 'Iishuwo'u' “cardinal lands”, Corregimiento de Nazareth, named in honor of the “Sacred Family of Nazareth” by the first Spanish Capuchin missionaries, located at the bottom of the space unit of the Serrania de la Makuira stream. We worked with the biggest Wayuu, who speak Wayuunaiki “what comes out of the head of being Wayuu, through the mouth”, Iguaran (2014a; 2019) group based geographically and historically on the Guajira Peninsula. To the works approach, Wayuu's own discursive methodology, listening, observation and narrative, was applied under a “doubly reflective” dialogical discussion (ESMERAL, 2014). The language spoken by the Wayuu is Wayuunaiki, the most widely spoken language in Colombia and Venezuela, originally from the Arawak linguistic group, whose population totals approximately 278,254 inhabitants according to Dane (2006a) “the ethnic population and the 2005 General Census” and many others in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, reason why it is considered a floating society between these two countries. In that language, phenomena typical of the nature of the wuinpumuin places are preserved, silenced by the power of the hegemonic language, hence the interest in continuing to investigate social and cultural problems of localization, which “tends to satisfy the need for identity, personal and community of place” Gonzalez (2014, p. 47), that is, my reunion with my own singularity and coexistence between Wayuu brothers. From its morphological structure and “meaning of life”, the Wayuunaiki translates “what comes out of the Wayuu person's head through the mouth” (IGUARAN, 2014), is an expression that arises from the structure of the word itself, which is a “history of life” Abadio Green (2011). Based on this specific example of studying the word based on its “meaning of life”, the study of “wayunkeera, an epistemic methodological triangulation of wayuu human development as an anchorage for own methodology”, which emerged from my thesis of doctorate, for considering this expression that was in disuse as its social and creative function within the society and practices of older people, when considering it as an expression of the world of wayuu boys and girls, when creating images with clay. In this sense, the present work that I propose for the consideration of academics, and a construct that emerged from my doctoral thesis “Ethnoeducation in the perspective of the word woman, matrix of concept things in Wayuu Culture". For this opportunity, I consider it necessary to resume and deepen the theme of the Wayunkeera assumed in the third chapter and represented by the figure of the middle finger of the hand that plays the role of A’laulaa “Maternal Uncle”, the Matrilineal Authority of a territorial E’irukuu. The cosmogonic and territorial affirmation in the thesis was called by the figure of pedagogy, a path taken up again to find the discoveries under the tutelage of the maternal uncle in the Wayuu Culture, to understand the sociocultural perseverance Wayuu and the gear they make as a product and producer of the original society, both territorial and cosmogonically in Wuinpumuin, Alta Guajira, Departament of La Guajira Colombia is to understand the construction of the values attributed socially and culturally within the framework of their same interaction for the control and administration of their own life and e'irukuu, as matrilineal society.

Recent studies show that the exploration of ways to involve students in effective bi/multilingual science education is gaining attention at all educational levels. Introducing students to the construction of bilingual scientific argument maps – visual representations of scientific argument structure using two languages – contributes to the quality of bilingual science education as they are a key aspect of bilingual scientific literacy; however, very little is known about how to promote the construction of these maps in bilingual science courses. Here we provide evidence for the claim that peer feedback and instructor feedback can be integrated to support the construction of bilingual scientific argument maps. A pedagogical strategy that integrates both peer feedback and instructor feedback was implemented in a university bilingual science course with 29 students (23 females and 6 males, 18–24 years-old) in Colombia. Results show that the strategy effectively supported the construction of scientific argument maps in Spanish and English. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Una de las principales metas del Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN) es aumentar el índice de permanencia en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). En consecuencia, se han definido estrategias que se espera que permitan alcanzar la graduación y garantizar la permanencia de los estudiantes que se encuentran cursando un programa técnico, tecnólogo o profesional. Por consiguiente, la Fundación Universitaria de San Gil – UNISANGIL se propuso desarrollar e implementar una herramienta software bajo la metodología SCRUM, la cual permitirá manejar los registros de la información obtenidos a partir de los datos personales, socioeconómicos, psicosociales y los derivados del desempeño académico de los estudiantes antes y durante su permanencia en la institución, con el fin de generar estadísticas e informes (periódicos y específicos) utilizando técnicas de minería de datos y software de inteligencia de negocios para proporcionar una herramienta que apoye el proceso de toma de decisiones y la búsqueda de patrones para la detección de riesgos sobre la deserción. One of the main goals of the Ministry of National Education (MEN) is to increase the permanence index in higher education institutions, IES. Consequently, strategies have been defined to achieve graduation and ensure the permanence of students who are studying a program, technical, technological or professional. Therefore, the University Foundation of San Gil - UNISANGIL was proposed to develop and implement a software tool under the SCRUM methodology, which will manage the records of information obtained from personal, socioeconomic, psychosocial and academic performance data of the students before and during their stay in the institution, in order to generate statistics and reports, periodic and specific; using data mining techniques and business intelligence software to provide a tool that supports the decision-making process and the search for patterns for the detection of risks on desertion.

Introducción. Uno de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible es reducir la mortalidad materna. Objetivo. Valorar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de profesionales de la salud en relación con el aborto. Diseño. Estudio transversal tipo encuesta. Métodos. En el año 2017, FESGO aplicó una encuesta a 132 profesionales de la salud, para valorar sus conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en relación con el aborto. Resultados. La encuesta reflejó una percepción más amplia de causales de aborto no punible que las que la ley reconoce, destacando la violación en 21% y las malformaciones congénitas en 13%. El 83% estaría de acuerdo que la ley permita la interrupción de un embarazo frente al riesgo para la vida de la mujer, 46% frente al riesgo de salud; 61% por malformaciones congénitas fetales, 46% en caso de violación a una mujer con discapacidad y 40% en la violación en general; 28%, en casos de incesto. En caso de una mujer con discapacidad embarazada por violación, el 57% señaló que le daría información sobre las opciones de interrupción. El 26% le daría información sobre el marco legal que le permite la interrupción del embarazo. Pero, el 23% le indicaría que el marco legal del país no permite la interrupción. Conclusiones. La encuesta refleja una percepción más amplia de causales de aborto no punible que las que la ley reconoce. Un 23% indicaría que el marco legal del país no permite la interrupción del embarazo, contradiciendo la norma legal que protege el derecho de esa mujer a acceder a un aborto para proteger su salud y su vida. Persisten barreras para garantizar el derecho de las mujeres a decidir sobre su salud. Background: One of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is to reduce maternal mortality. Objective: To determine knowledge, attitudes and practices of health professionals regarding abortion. Design: Cross-sectional type of survey. Methods: During 2017, the Ecuadorian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Society FESGO applied a survey to 132 health professionals to determine their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding abortion. Results: We identified more nonpunishable abortion causes than those the law recognizes. The most frequent of these were rape (21%) and congenital malformations (13%). 83% of respondents agreed that law should allow ending a pregnancy if the woman’s life were at risk and 46% if her health was at risk. 61% of them agreed if the fetus had a congenital malformation. In addition, 46% agreed if it was the product of rape of a disabled woman, 40% if it was the product of rape, and 28%, if it was product of an incest. In case of a disabled woman pregnant because of rape, 57% would give information on options for pregnancy interruption, and 26% would give information on the legal frame that allows pregnancy interruption. However, 23% would lie by saying that the country’s legal frame does not allow pregnancy interruption. Conclusions: The survey reflects a wider perception on non-punishable abortion causatives than what the law recognizes. Nevertheless, 23% would indicate that the country’s legal frame does not allow pregnancy interruption, contradicting the legal regulation that protects the woman’s right to abortion access to protect her health and life. Barriers against the women’s right to decide on her health persist.

espanolEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de accesibilidad de los sitios web iniciales de las universidades que formar parte del denominado Consejo de Rectores de Chile, veintisiete universidades estatales y publicas no estatales considerando no existe informacion actualizada al respecto y la inclusion es un tema que nos involucra a todos. Existen leyes y una guia de accesibilidad web actualizada el ano 2017, del Servicio Nacional de la Discapacidad que establece el nivel AA como exigencia deaccesibilidad, elaborada en base a las pautas de accesibilidad para contenidos web (WCAG) 2.0 del World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). A partir de estas referencias se evaluaron de forma preliminar, usando herramientas automaticas especializadas como son TAW y eXaminator, las paginas de inicio o home de cada universidad. Todos resultaron ser sitios no accesibles con problemas, advertencias y no verificables, siendo las debilidades mas recurrentes la ausencia de textos alternativos en imagenes, videos u otros elementos que lo exigen, enlaces identicos con destinos diferentes, entre otros errores que son exigencias basicas. EnglishThe objective of this study is to evaluate the level of accessibility of the initial websites of the universities that form part of the so-called Council of Rectors of Chile, twenty-seven state and non-state public universities considering that there is noupdated information about this,and inclusion is an issue that involves all of us. There are laws and a web accessibility guide updated in 2017 by the National Disability Service that establishes the AA level as a requirement for accessibility, based on the accessibility guidelines for web content (WCAG) 2.0 of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). From these references were evaluated in a preliminary way the home pages of each university using specialized automatic tools such as TAW and eXaminator. All proved to be inaccessible sites with problems, warnings and unverifiable, the most recurrent weaknesses being the absence of alternative texts in images, videos or other elements that require it, identical links with different destinations, among other errorsthat are basic requirements

Simple Summary Biobehavioral disorders can negatively impact patients with ovarian cancer. Growing evidence suggests that chronic stress can promote tumor progression, the release of inflammatory mediators, and macrophage infiltration into the tumor. However, the role of stress hormones in regulating cancer cell/macrophage crosstalk remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the role of stress hormone-stimulated macrophages in modulating inflammatory networks and ovarian cancer biology. Our data show that stress hormones induced secretion of inflammatory proteins in ovarian cancer cell/macrophage co-cultures. Furthermore, we show that restraint stress leads to cancer growth, macrophage infiltration, and PDGF-AA protein expression in animal models of ovarian cancer. Conversely, zoledronic acid was able to prevent the effects of restraint stress on ovarian cancer growth. Overall, our data suggest a role for stress hormone-stimulated macrophages in ovarian cancer progression and suggest the involvement of PDGF-AA as a key mediator of this process. Abstract Multiple studies suggest that chronic stress accelerates the growth of existing tumors by activating the sympathetic nervous system. Data suggest that sustained adrenergic signaling can induce tumor growth, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and macrophage infiltration. Our goal was to study the role of adrenergic-stimulated macrophages in ovarian cancer biology. Cytokine arrays were used to assess the effect of adrenergic stimulation in pro-tumoral cytokine networks. An orthotopic model of ovarian cancer was used to assess the in vivo effect of daily restraint stress on tumor growth and adrenergic-induced macrophages. Cytokine analyses showed that adrenergic stimulation modulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in a SKOV3ip1 ovarian cancer cell/U937 macrophage co-culture system. Among these, platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA), epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), Angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-5 (IL-5), Lipocalin-2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and transferrin receptor (TfR) were upregulated. Enriched biological processes included cytokine-mediated signaling pathways and positive regulation of cell proliferation. In addition, daily restraint stress increased ovarian cancer growth, infiltration of CD68+ macrophages, and expression of PDGF-AA in orthotopic models of ovarian cancer (SKOV3ip1 and HeyT30), while zoledronic acid, a macrophage-depleting agent, abrogated this effect. Furthermore, in ovarian cancer patients, high PDGFA expression correlated with worse outcomes. Here, it is shown that the adrenergic regulation of macrophages and PDGFA might play a role in ovarian cancer progression.

The use of “alpeorujo” (dry olive residue) has been proposed as an organic amendment in order to enhance soil structure and to increase C storage in soils. The aim of this work is to study how aqueous alpeorujo (ADOR) extracts bioremediated with white-rot fungi and three representative phenolic acids present in this extract (protocatechuic, vanillic and caffeic acid) affect the growth of the arbuscular mychorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus custos in monoxenic culture. Our results show that ADOR decreased mycorrhization parameters; however, this negative effect ceased after ADOR bioremediation. Although protocatechuic and vanillic acids have drastic negative effects at high concentrations, these phenols enhance mycorrhization processes at low concentrations and caffeic acid negatively affects symbiosis at low concentrations. Finally, the capacity of root biomass to dissipate individual phenols was also estimated, in which mycorrhized roots improve phenol dissipation in the growth medium in the presence of different phenols. This study highlights the important role played by arbuscular mycorrhiza in protecting plants from phytotoxicity., This study was carried out thanks to financial support from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) within the framework of project AGL2012-32873. R. Reina gratefully acknowledges the support provided by the JAE-Pre Program which is co-financed by CSIC and the European Social Fund. E. Aranda thanks the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and FEDER funds for co-funding the Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2013-12481).

Mounting clinical and preclinical evidence supports a key role for sustained adrenergic signaling in the tumor microenvironment as a driver of tumor growth and progression. However, the mechanisms by which adrenergic neurotransmitters are delivered to the tumor microenvironment are not well understood. Here we present evidence for a feed-forward loop whereby adrenergic signaling leads to increased tumoral innervation. In response to catecholamines, tumor cells produced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in an ADRB3/cAMP/Epac/JNK-dependent manner. Elevated BDNF levels in the tumor microenvironment increased innervation by signaling through host neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 receptors. In patients with cancer, high tumor nerve counts were significantly associated with increased BDNF and norepinephrine levels and decreased overall survival. Collectively, these data describe a novel pathway for tumor innervation, with resultant biological and clinical implications. Significance: Sustained adrenergic signaling promotes tumor growth and metastasis through BDNF-mediated tumoral innervation. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3233–42. ©2018 AACR.

This article reports the results of a cross-sectional descriptivequantitative investigation, which seeks to identify the influence of different variables related to the integration of Information and Communication Technologies in fifth and sixth grades of the school "El Labrador" of Osorno, Chile. Thus, among the strengths recognized there is the fact of a positive perception about the integration of ICT, which is done at the level of teaching and learning practices, and the fact of assuming a need for technical and educational management updating. While, as a weakness, there is a lack of awareness of the Ministry concerning the project "Enlaces", which although present, does not have a major impact on the students’ learning.

Work from our group and others suggest that chronic stress accelerates growth of existing tumors by activating the sympathetic nervous system. Specifically, our data suggest that sustained adrenergic signaling can induce tumor growth, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration. Moreover, increased macrophage infiltration was associated with decreased survival in ovarian cancer patients. Hence, we investigated role of adrenergic-stimulated macrophages in ovarian cancer biology. To assess the effect of adrenergic stimulation in pro-tumoral functional outputs, we used cytokine arrays and invasion assays. A pre-clinical orthotopic model of ovarian cancer was used to assess the in vivo effect of daily restraint stress on tumor growth and adrenergic-induced macrophages. Cytokine array analyses showed that adrenergic stimulation modulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in a SKOV3ip1 (ovarian cancer cells) /U937 (macrophages) co-culture system. Among these, 23 significantly upregulated cytokines were identified in both, epinephrine and norepinephrine, treated co-culture systems. PDGF-AA, ENA-78, Angiogenin, VEGF, GM-CSF, IL-5, Lipocalin-2, MIF, and TfR were among upregulated cytokines shared between treatment groups. In addition, daily restraint stress resulted in increased ovarian cancer growth and infiltration of CD68+ macrophages in two orthotopic models of ovarian cancer (SKOV3ip1 and HeyA8), while zoledronic acid (a bisphosphonate that has been shown to impair macrophage activity) abrogated this effect. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed restraint stress increased expression of PDGF-AA and ENA-78 inflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that adrenergic regulation of macrophages might play a key role in the progression of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Claudia B. Colon-Echevarria, Tatiana Ortiz, Lizette Maldonado-Laboy, Melanie J. Hidalgo-Vargas, Alexandra N. Aquino, Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena. Adrenergic modulation of inflammatory cytokines in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 512.

Work from our group and others suggest that chronic stress accelerates growth of existing tumors by activating the sympathetic nervous system. Specifically, our data suggest that sustained adrenergic signaling can induce tumor growth, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration. Moreover, increased macrophage infiltration was associated with decreased survival in ovarian cancer patients. Hence, we investigated role of adrenergic-stimulated macrophages in ovarian cancer biology. To assess the effect of adrenergic stimulation in pro-tumoral functional outputs, we used cytokine arrays and invasion assays. A pre-clinical orthotopic model of ovarian cancer was used to assess the in vivo effect of daily restraint stress on tumor growth and adrenergic-induced macrophages. Cytokine array analyses showed that adrenergic stimulation modulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in a SKOV3ip1 (ovarian cancer cells)/U937 (macrophages) co-culture system. Among these, 23 significantly upregulated cytokines were identified in both, epinephrine and norepinephrine, treated co-culture systems. PDGF-AA, ENA-78, Angiogenin, VEGF, GM-CSF, IL-5, Lipocalin-2, MIF, and TfR were among upregulated cytokines shared between treatment groups. In addition, daily restraint stress resulted in increased ovarian cancer growth in two orthotopic models of ovarian cancer (SKOV3ip1 and HeyA8), while zoledronic acid (a bisphosphonate that has been shown to impair macrophage activity) abrogated this effect. Here, we show that adrenergic-induction of macrophages might play a key role in the progression of ovarian cancer. .

Actualmente, las tecnologías se vinculan en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad y son las nuevas generaciones las más familiarizadas en su manejo técnico; son los jóvenes de ahora denominados «nativos digitales». Por medio de esta investigación de tipo cuantitativo se buscó caracterizar el uso de los recursos tecnológicos - que tienen a su disposición - tanto en el establecimiento educacional como en su hogar, los estudiantes de quinto y sexto año de Educación Básica de la Escuela España de la ciudad de Osorno en Chile. Este estudio sirve para aumentar el conocimiento que los docentes deben tener de sus estudiantes, y así poder orientar su accionar con base en las destrezas y habilidades que estos tengan.Entre los resultados destaca que, pese a que los estudiantes investigados forman parte de familias catalogadas en un nivel «vulnerable», cuentan con acceso a diversas tecnologías como televisores, teléfonos y computadores portátiles con acceso a internet en sus hogares. Esto insumos se ocupan principalmente en actividades de entretención, por el uso mayoritario que dan a espacios de la denominada web 2.0, tales como la red social Facebook y el portal de videos Youtube. También se descubrió que existe una gran variedad de recursos tecnológicos en el establecimiento educacional, los cuales son utilizados por el docente y los estudiantes. Estos recursos son los más tradicionales: computadores, impresora y proyector multimedia, dejando de lado cámaras y pizarras digitales.Conocimiento Educactivo, Vol. 3, 2016: 55-68

Human herpesviruses cause different infectious diseases, resulting in world-wide health problems. Sexual transmission is a major route for the spread of both herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and -2. Semen plays an important role in carrying the viral particle that invades the vaginal or rectal mucosa and, thereby, initiates viral replication. Previously, we demonstrated that the amyloid fibrils semenogelin (SEM) and semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI), and seminal plasma (SP) augment cytomegalovirus infection (Tang et al., J. Virol 2013). Whether SEM or SEVI amyloids or SP could also enhance other herpesvirus infections has not been examined. In this study, we found that the two amyloids as well as SP strongly enhance both HSV-1 and -2 infections in cell culture. Along with SP, SEM and SEVI amyloids enhanced viral entry and increased infection rates by more than 10-fold, as assessed by flow cytometry assay and fluorescence microscopy. Viral replication was increased by about 50- to 100-fold. Moreover, viral growth curve assays showed that SEM and SEVI amyloids, as well as SP, sped up the kinetics of HSV replication such that the virus reached its replicative peak more quickly. The interactions of SEM, SEVI, and SP with HSVs are direct. Furthermore, we discovered that the enhancing effects of SP, SEM, and SEVI can be significantly reduced by heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide with an anionic charge. It is probable that heparin abrogates said enhancing effects by interfering with the interaction of the viral particle and the amyloids, which interaction results in the binding of the viral particles and both SEM and SEVI.

Con base en la inquietud por desarrollar estrategias que conlleven al aumento en la productividad de los operadores turísticos de la ciudad de Santa Marta, esta investigación se propone caracterizar las condiciones de la cultura organizacional de dichas instituciones; en este estudio, se definen las variables correspondientes a las condiciones físicas de trabajo, las del entorno laboral y el comportamiento organizacional, como elementos de la cultura que al ser estudiados, tienen como fin establecer su relación con el rendimiento laboral de los empleados en las empresas turísticas. Para el estudio en Santa Marta, se determinaron las características de cada variable en un cuestionario de 24 preguntas, se encuestaron miembros de las organizaciones y se ahondó en la percepción de directivos, administrativos y operativos, e identificar para el caso de la ciudad, si el talento humano se encuentra motivado en gran parte por las relaciones interpersonales, las condiciones físicas de trabajo y un entorno laboral adecuado para el desarrollo de su trabajo, y así observar la relación frente a su rendimiento. Palabras Clave: Cultura organizacional, condiciones de trabajo, entorno laboral, comportamiento organizacional.The organizational culture of Santa Marta tour operators 2012-2013.Abstract Based on the concern to develop strategies that lead to increased productivity of tourism operators in the city of Santa Marta, this research aims to characterize the condition of the organizational culture of these institutions, in this study, the corresponding variables are defined the physical conditions of work, work environment conditions and organizational behavior, as elements of the culture being studied, are intended to establish its relationship with the work performance of employees in tourism enterprises. For the study in Santa Marta, the characteristics of each variable were determined on a questionnaire of 24 questions, were surveyed the members of the organizations deepening in the perception of managers, administrative and operational, and identify for the case of the city, if human talent is largely motivated by interpersonal relations, physical working conditions and an adequate working environment for the development of their work, and observe the relationship in front of his performance.Keywords: Organizational culture, working conditions, work environment , organizational behavior.

La sociedad del conocimiento o de la información está en constante evolución, y afecta la mayor parte de la población mundial en todos los ámbitos de la vida cotidiana. Esto trae aparejado el surgimiento de diferentes dispositivos tecnológicos cada vez más sofisticados, pero que rápidamente quedan obsoletos por el surgimiento de otros más atractivos en términos de diseño o aplicaciones novedosas.Uno de los aspectos fundamentales de la sociedad del conocimiento es tener acceso a gran cantidad de información disponible en los diferentes medios, teniendo la posibilidad de compartirla con un número ilimitado de personas por medio de las redes virtuales, lo que puede generar grandes ventajas. Es así como el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los elementos que facilitan y dificultan la accesibilidad de la información, no sólo de personas con discapacidad o necesidad educativa especial, sino a todo público o usuario que necesita acceder a información contenida en un documento, una presentación o un sitio web; aspectos que no siempre son conocidos, considerados o valorados por quienes tienen la gran responsabilidad de transmitir información.Conocimiento Educactivo, Vol. 4, 2017: 25-38

Existe una forma de acoso entre jóvenes denominado Ciberbullying o Ciber acoso, que consiste en utilizar las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC), específicamente el correo electrónico, las redes sociales, entre otros,; con el fin de acosar, hostigar y denigrar, a un individuo o un grupo de personas. Se analiza la agresividad humana y el bullying como un tipo de agresión para así comprender el ciberbullying. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue explorar cómo se manifiestan las variables personales, la experiencia ciberbullying y la actitud ante la violencia, que viven los estudiantes envueltos en la dinámica asociada a este tipo de procesos sociales.Los resultados del estudio revelaron la existencia de ciberacoso en estudiantes de enseñanza media (1° a 4° medio), de entre 13 y 17 años de edad de la comuna de Futrono. Del total de la muestra (70 participantes), un 10% se identifica como agresor, un 11.4% como víctima y un 78.2% como espectador de este fenómeno.La metodología utilizada fue el estudio de caso múltiple, aplicándose una encuesta como instrumento para la recolección de información. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se destaca el permanente uso de computador y celular en los estudiantes, cuyo rango de uso diario sobrepasa las tres horas; además de detectar a Facebook como la red social con mayor popularidad entre ellos.Conocimiento Educactivo, Vol. 2, 2015: 27-40

El trabajo tuvo como propósito develar el estado en torno a la integración de TIC en la formación de estudiantes de las carreras de pedagogía de la Universidad de Los Lagos en los campus de Osorno y Puerto Montt de Chile. Para la recopilación de la información se utilizó la técnica de investigación documental, a través de la cual se analizan las mallas curriculares y los programas de estudio que son implementados en la formación de TIC en educación. Los resultados nos revelan que existen situaciones muy dispares en la formación en esta área, la que se expresa en diferencias significativas en la cantidad de horas designadas entre las carreras de ambos Campus. Además, según los estándares TIC para docentes en Chile, los estudiantes tendrían un alto porcentaje de horas de trabajo en la dimensión pedagógica, no así en la dimensión de gestión. Después del análisis realizado se propone una serie de medidas, entre las que se considera incorporar el trabajo con TIC al interior de las didácticas de la especialidad y en los procesos de prácticas, además de desarrollar instrumentos para medir el manejo de TIC tanto al ingreso como al finalizar el proceso formativo.Conocimiento Educactivo, Vol. 1, 2014: 11-33

El objetivo general del estudio ha sido conocer la evolución de la legislación española en lo relacionado con accesibilidad web, evaluando sitios de interés social. Se hizo una revisión de las normativas desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad. Para la evaluación se ha utilizado la herramienta TAW, que permite analizar, de acuerdo a la norma WCAG 2.0, la existencia de problemas, advertencias y elementos no analizados, que deben ser confirmados manualmente. Después de revisar automática y manualmente los Principios, Pautas y Criterios de conformidad de acuerdo a la Norma UNE 139803:2012: Requisitos de accesibilidad para contenidos en la Web, equivalente a la WCAG 2.0 en sus niveles A y AA, se evidencia que los sitios web evaluados, del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte y de la Comunidad Autónoma Junta de Castilla y León, no cumplen con los parámetros establecidos en la legislación, siendo sitios no accesibles. Se concluye que la legislación española ha evolucionado en cuanto a accesibilidad web, pero deben hacerse chequeos permanentes para resolver problemas y garantizar la accesibilidad. The general objective of the study was to know the evolution of Spanish legislation in relation to web accessibility, evaluating websites of social interest. A revision of the regulations was made from its beginnings until now. For the evaluation, the TAW tool has been used, which allows analyzing, according to the WCAG 2.0 standard, the existence of problems, warnings and elements not analyzed, which must be confirmed manually. After automatically and manually reviewing the Principles, Guidelines and Compliance Criteria according to the UNE 139803: 2012 Standard: Accessibility requirements for Web content, equivalent to WCAG 2.0 at its A and AA levels, it is evident that the evaluated websites of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports and the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León, do not meet the requirements established in the legislation, being inaccessible websites. It is concluded that Spanish legislation has evolved in terms of web accessibility, but permanent check-ups must be done to solve problems and guarantee accessibility.