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The symptoms and syndromes associated with visual impairment that occur in acute cerebrovascular accident (OMNA) of various parts of the brain are quite characteristic, can develop with circulatory disorders in various arteries of the brain and depend on the severity of damage to brain tissues. Disorders of vision and oculomotor functions, including decreased central vision, impaired peripheral vision, limited eye mobility and impaired visual perception, are widespread among patients who have suffered a cerebral stroke. This article is the first part of a two-part review devoted to the problem of visual impairment in patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders. In the first part, we examined the prevalence and diversity of such violations. The second part will provide an overview of the methods of rehabilitation of patients in this category. Main content of the rewiew. The data of the analysis of the prevalence of various types of visual impairments in patients who have undergone ONMC are presented, based on publications in international and domestic databases OpenAlex, Scilit, Lens, PubMed, Cyberleninka and eLibrary.ru available for analysis by August 15, 2024, with a search depth of mostly 15 years. As a result of the search, 52 articles on a given topic were reviewed. In addition, 5 sources dated from an earlier period (1989–2000) were used, as they contain the necessary information within the framework of this review. Conclusion. Visual impairment entails a significant decrease in the quality of life of such a category of patients. To obtain a complete picture of the patient’s condition after a cerebral stroke, it is necessary to conduct a thorough targeted screening of visual impairment. This will allow you to take timely measures to restore visual functions, which may have a beneficial effect on further rehabilitation.

INTRODUCTION. Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema (BCRL) is the most common complication after radical treatment of breast cancer (BC). Currently, there are no molecular therapeutic targets whose pharmacologic action could prevent edema, making it necessary to study the efficacy of non-pharmacologic techniques. AIM. To study the effectiveness of non-medication technologies in BCRL to develop recommendations for practical application based on the analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS. The search was conducted in the Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database (PEDro, 2002–2024) using the keywords: “lymphedema”, “upper limbs”, “breast cancer”. A total of 203 sources were selected as of March 2024. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Numerous studies have found that the use of early postoperative physical exercise with a gradual expansion of the load in patients at risk of developing BCRL is a safe and effective method of rehabilitation. The effectiveness of early preventive use of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) in 4 RCTs was studied in a Cochrane review. However, the clinical effectiveness of early prophylactic use of MLD to prevent BCRL remains insufficiently proven. In contrast, prophylactic use of compression sleeves has been shown to reduce and delay the onset of arm lymphedema in women at high risk of developing BCRL during the first year after breast cancer surgery. Studies have also confirmed the effectiveness of an early Prospective Surveillance Model using bioimpedance spectroscopy for early detection and immediate treatment of BCRL. It has been proven that in order to reduce the volume of a limb with BCRL, it is necessary to prescribe an intensive phase of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) for at least 3 weeks. Studies have also proven the effectiveness of using a standard or improved intermittent pneumatic compression device in the rehabilitation phases, including at home. CONCLUSION. To reduce the risk of development and progression of BCRL, modern exercise therapy techniques should be used to increase physical activity in order to control body weight, and educational techniques for self-massage and self-application of compression bandages should be actively used. The “golden” standard for conservative treatment of BCRL remains CDT, which is based on MLD. At the same time, the wider use and development of new methods of hardware lymphatic drainage that imitate MLD, which is a highly resourceful and costly method of treatment for BCRL, is justified. To confirm the clinical effectiveness of improved hardware pneumocompression, additional RCTs assessing long-term treatment results are required.

INTRODUCTION. Over the past decades, in developed countries and in the Russian Federation, there has been an increase in the number of patients with secondary lymphedema who have undergone surgical treatment with dissection of regional lymph nodes and radiation therapy for various forms of gynecological cancer in women and prostate cancer in men, as well as breast cancer. AIM. Search and analysis of the results of previously published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the effectiveness of various non-drug rehabilitation methods in patients with lymphedema of the extremities who underwent radical treatment for cancer of various locations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A search was conducted and studied publications in international scientific peer-reviewed publications (PEDro Database) on medical rehabilitation for cancer treatment-related lymphedema (LSPR) for the period from 1996 to December 2023 using the keywords “lymphedema”, “rehabilitation”. 145 RCTs focused on medical rehabilitation and conservative treatment of LSPR. DISCUSSION. Lifestyle correction and psychosocial interventions are recommended to improve the quality of life of patients. Studies have found that early activation, various physical exercises with a slow increase in loads under the supervision of a physical therapist are safe and help increase endurance, strength and range of motion in a limb with lymphatic edema. The clinical effectiveness of therapeutic exercises in the pool has been proven, manifested in the reduction of edema in patients with LSPR. The effectiveness of compression products with Velcro technology as an alternative to rigid low-stretch bandages in patients with LSPR has been confirmed. The anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effects of low-intensity laser therapy and magnetic therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with LSLR have been proven. Alternating pneumatic compression (APC) is recommended as an adjuvant treatment in addition to comprehensive decongestant therapy. Preference should be given to the use of technologies of advanced hardware lymphatic drainage methods that imitate manual techniques. CONCLUSION. To improve the physical and socio-psychological functioning of patients with LSPR, an integrated approach is required, including lifestyle changes, psychological correction, compression therapy, modern exercise therapy techniques, and safe physiotherapeutic technologies. Conducted scientific research indicates the high effectiveness of the use of manual and hardware lymphatic drainage techniques, while the use of PPC is more economical and accessible, and does not require the involvement of specialists who know the expensive method of manual lymphatic drainage.