40 results on '"Tavares, Aldo Henrique"'
Search Results
2. Peptides ToAP3 and ToAP4 decrease release of inflammatory cytokines through TLR-4 blocking
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Veloso Júnior, Paulo Henrique de Holanda, Simon, Karina Smidt, de Castro, Raffael Júnio Araújo, Coelho, Luísa Coutinho, Erazo, Fabián Andres Hurtado, de Souza, Adolfo Carlos Barros, das Neves, Rogério Coutinho, Lozano, Viviane Furlan, Schwartz, Elizabeth Ferroni, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, Mortari, Márcia Renata, Junqueira-Kipnis, Ana Paula, Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, and Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti
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- 2019
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3. Dectin-2 is critical for phagocyte function and resistance to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mice.
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Cardoso-Miguel, Mariana de Resende Damas, Bürgel, Pedro Henrique, de Castro, Raffael Júnio Araújo, Marina, Clara Luna, de Oliveira, Stephan Alberto, Albuquerque, Patrícia, Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti, and Tavares, Aldo Henrique
- Abstract
Germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors, particularly C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), are essential for phagocytes to sense invading fungal cells. Among CLRs, Dectin-2 (encoded by Clec4n) plays a critical role in the antifungal immune response as it recognizes high-mannose polysaccharides on the fungal cell wall, triggering phagocyte functional activities and ultimately determining adaptive responses. Here, we assessed the role of Dectin-2 on the course of primary Paracoccidioides brasiliensis systemic infection in mice with Dectin-2-targeted deletion. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis constitutes the principal etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most prominent invasive mycosis in Latin American countries. The deficiency of Dectin-2 resulted in shortened survival rates, high lung fungal burden, and increased lung pathology in mice infected with P. brasiliensis. Consistently, dendritic cells (DCs) from mice lacking Dectin-2 infected ex vivo with P. brasiliensis showed impaired secretion of several proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Additionally, when cocultured with splenic lymphocytes, DCs were less efficient in promoting a type 1 cytokine pattern secretion (i.e. IFN-γ). In macrophages, Dectin-2-mediated signaling was required to ensure phagocytosis and fungicidal activity associated with nitric oxide production. Overall, Dectin-2-mediated signaling is critical to promote host protection against P. brasiliensis infection, and its exploitation might lead to the development of new vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Transcriptomics of the Host–Pathogen Interaction in Paracoccidioidomycosis
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Albuquerque, Patrícia, Paes, Hugo Costa, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, Fernandes, Larissa, Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti, Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, Sueli Soares Felipe, Maria, Moraes Nicola, André, and Passos, Geraldo A., editor
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- 2014
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5. Distinct patterns of yeast cell morphology and host responses induced by representative strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) and Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pb01)
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Siqueira, Isaque Medeiros, Fraga, Cecília Lívia Falcomer, Amaral, André Correa, Souza, Ana Camila Oliveira, Jerônimo, Márcio Souza, Correa, José Raimundo, Magalhães, Kelly Grace, Inácio, Carlos Antônio, Ribeiro, Alice Melo, Burguel, Pedro Henrique, Felipe, Maria Sueli, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, and Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti
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- 2016
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6. Enhanced expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components by monocytes of patients with pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis is associated with smoking and intracellular hypoxemia
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Amorim, Barbara Casella, Pereira-Latini, Ana Carla, Golim, Márjorie de Assis, Ruiz Júnior, Raul Lopes, Yoo, Hugo Hyung Bok, Arruda, Maria Sueli Parreira de, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, Cavalcante, Ricardo de Souza, Mendes, Rinaldo Poncio, Pontillo, Alessandra, and Venturini, James
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- 2020
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7. β2 Integrin-Mediated Susceptibility to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Experimental Infection in Mice
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de Oliveira, Stephan Alberto Machado, primary, Reis, Janayna Nunes, additional, Catão, Elisa, additional, Amaral, Andre Correa, additional, Souza, Ana Camila Oliveira, additional, Ribeiro, Alice Melo, additional, Faccioli, Lúcia Helena, additional, Carneiro, Fabiana Pirani, additional, Marina, Clara Luna Freitas, additional, Bürgel, Pedro Henrique, additional, Fernandes, Larissa, additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, and Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti, additional
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- 2021
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8. Cryptococcus neoformans Secretes Small Molecules That Inhibit IL-1β Inflammasome-Dependent Secretion
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Bürgel, Pedro Henrique, primary, Marina, Clara Luna, additional, Saavedra, Pedro H. V., additional, Albuquerque, Patrícia, additional, de Oliveira, Stephan Alberto Machado, additional, Veloso Janior, Paulo Henrique de Holanda, additional, Castro, Raffael Araújo de, additional, Heyman, Heino M., additional, Coelho, Carolina, additional, Cordero, Radames J. B., additional, Casadevall, Arturo, additional, Nosanchuk, Joshua D., additional, Nakayasu, Ernesto S., additional, May, Robin C., additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, and Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti, additional
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- 2020
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9. Transcriptional Remodeling Patterns in Murine Dendritic Cells Infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: More Is Not Necessarily Better
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de-Souza-Silva, Calliandra M., primary, Hurtado, Fabián Andrés, additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, de Oliveira, Getúlio P., additional, Raiol, Taina, additional, Nishibe, Christiane, additional, Agustinho, Daniel Paiva, additional, Almeida, Nalvo Franco, additional, Walter, Maria Emília Machado Telles, additional, Nicola, André Moraes, additional, Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti, additional, Albuquerque, Patrícia, additional, and Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, additional
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- 2020
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10. Nutritional Conditions Modulate C. neoformans Extracellular Vesicles’ Capacity to Elicit Host Immune Response
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Marina, Clara Luna, primary, Bürgel, Pedro Henrique, additional, Agostinho, Daniel Paiva, additional, Zamith-Miranda, Daniel, additional, Las-Casas, Lucas de Oliveira, additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, Nosanchuk, Joshua Daniel, additional, and Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti, additional
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- 2020
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11. Cryptococcus neoformanssecretes small molecules that inhibit IL-1β inflammasome-dependent secretion
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Bürgel, Pedro Henrique, primary, Marina, Clara Luna, additional, Saavedra, Pedro H. V., additional, Albuquerque, Patrícia, additional, Holanda, Paulo Henrique, additional, de Araújo Castro, Raffael, additional, Heyman, Heino, additional, Coelho, Carolina, additional, Cordero, Radames J. B., additional, Casadevall, Arturo, additional, Nosanchuk, Joshua, additional, Nakayasu, Ernesto, additional, May, Robin C., additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, and Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti, additional
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- 2019
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12. The Major Chromoblastomycosis Etiologic Agent Fonsecaea pedrosoi Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome
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Castro, Raffael Júnio Araújo de, primary, Siqueira, Isaque Medeiros, additional, Jerônimo, Márcio Sousa, additional, Basso, Angelina Maria Moreschi, additional, Veloso Junior, Paulo Henrique de Holanda, additional, Magalhães, Kelly Grace, additional, Leonhardt, Luiza Chaves, additional, Oliveira, Stephan Alberto Machado de, additional, Bürgel, Pedro Henrique, additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, and Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti, additional
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- 2017
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13. Modulation of the immune response by Fonsecaea pedrosoi morphotypes in the course of experimental chromoblastomycosis and their role on inflammatory response chronicity
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Siqueira, Isaque Medeiros, primary, de Castro, Raffael Júnio Araújo, additional, Leonhardt, Luiza Chaves de Miranda, additional, Jerônimo, Márcio Sousa, additional, Soares, Aluízio Carlos, additional, Raiol, Tainá, additional, Nishibe, Christiane, additional, Almeida, Nalvo, additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, Hoffmann, Christian, additional, and Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti, additional
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- 2017
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14. Dectin-1 is required for miR155 upregulation in murine macrophages in response toCandida albicans
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Agustinho, Daniel Paiva, primary, de Oliveira, Marco Antônio, additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, Derengowski, Lorena, additional, Stolz, Valentina, additional, Guilhelmelli, Fernanda, additional, Mortari, Márcia Renata, additional, Kuchler, Karl, additional, and Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, additional
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- 2016
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15. Effects of metoclopramide on the expression of metalloproteinases and interleukins in left colonic anastomoses. An experimental study
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Silva, Silvana Marques e, primary, Jerônimo, Márcio Sousa, additional, Silva-Pereira, Ildinete da, additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti, additional, and Sousa, João Batista de, additional
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- 2015
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16. The Major Chromoblastomycosis Etiologic Agent Fonsecaea pedrosoi Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome.
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de Castro, Raffael Júnio Araújo, Siqueira, Isaque Medeiros, Jerônimo, Márcio Sousa, Basso, Angelina Maria Moreschi, de Holanda Veloso Junior, Paulo Henrique, Magalhães, Kelly Grace, Leonhardt, Luiza Chaves, de Oliveira, Stephan Alberto Machado, Bürgel, Pedro Henrique, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, and Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti
- Subjects
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS ,INFLAMMASOMES ,IMMUNOLOGY of inflammation - Abstract
Fonsecaea pedrosoi is the main etiologic agent of chromoblastomycosis (CBM), one of the most prevalent subcutaneous mycosis in tropical and subtropical countries. CBM is a poorly characterized chronic infection that commonly starts after transcutaneous inoculation of conidia and saprophytic hyphae of F. pedrosoi. Recently, we have shown that unlike conidia, hyphae and muriform cells (the parasitic morphotype) of F. pedrosoi promotes an intense inflammatory response pattern in vivo, which comprises the production of an inflammasome-derived cytokine, IL-1β. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying IL-1β production and maturation upon F. pedrosoi infection and its functional output in the course of CBM remains unknown. We show here that F. pedrosoi hyphae, differently from conidia, induce IL-1β secretion in both bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages. Using inhibitors and knockout cells, we demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying IL-1β production by hyphae-infected macrophages were dependent on dectin-1, -2, and -3 receptors and the Syk-NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, F. pedrosoi promoted a NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation, which required potassium efflux, reactive oxygen species production, phagolysosomal acidification, and cathepsin B release as triggers. IL-1β processing and release was mediated primarily by caspase-1 and, to a lesser extent, by caspase-8-dependent cleavage. Finally, we showed using a murine CBM model that F. pedrosoi elicits a NLRP3-regulated IL-1β and interleukin-18 release in vivo, but without NLRP3 inflammasome activation interfering in the course of the experimental infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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17. Distinct patterns of yeast cell morphology and host responses induced by representative strains ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis(Pb18) andParacoccidioides lutzii(Pb01)
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Siqueira, Isaque Medeiros, primary, Fraga, Cecília Lívia Falcomer, additional, Amaral, André Correa, additional, Souza, Ana Camila Oliveira, additional, Jerônimo, Márcio Souza, additional, Correa, José Raimundo, additional, Magalhães, Kelly Grace, additional, Inácio, Carlos Antônio, additional, Ribeiro, Alice Melo, additional, Burguel, Pedro Henrique, additional, Felipe, Maria Sueli, additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, and Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti, additional
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- 2015
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18. Transcriptomic reprogramming of genus Paracoccidioides in dimorphism and host niches
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Tavares, Aldo Henrique, primary, Fernandes, Larissa, additional, Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti, additional, Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, additional, and Felipe, Maria Sueli, additional
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- 2015
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19. Turning Up the Heat: Inflammasome Activation by Fungal Pathogens
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Tavares, Aldo Henrique, primary, Bürgel, Pedro Henrique, additional, and Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti, additional
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- 2015
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20. scFv from Antibody That Mimics gp43 Modulates the Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses during Experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis
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Jannuzzi, Grasielle Pereira, primary, Tavares, Aldo Henrique F. P., additional, Kaihami, Gilberto Hideo, additional, de Almeida, José Roberto Fogaça, additional, de Almeida, Sandro Rogério, additional, and Ferreira, Karen Spadari, additional
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- 2015
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21. The Effects ofParacoccidioides brasiliensisInfection on GM-CSF- and M-CSF-Induced Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage from Resistant and Susceptible Mice Strains
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de Souza Silva, Calliandra, primary, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, additional, Sousa Jeronimo, Marcio, additional, Soares de Lima, Yasmin, additional, da Silveira Derengowski, Lorena, additional, Lorenzetti Bocca, Anamélia, additional, and Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, additional
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- 2015
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22. Perfil transcricional de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis em resposta à Fagocitose por Macrófagos Murinos
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Tavares, Aldo Henrique Fonseca Pacheco and Pereira, Ildinete Silva
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Fungos termo-dimórficos ,Plasticidade transcricional ,Adaptação a ambiente hostil - Abstract
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, 2007. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, um fungo termo-dimórfico, é o agente etiológico da mais prevalente micose sistêmica da América Latina, a paracoccidioidomicose. A forma de levedura de P. brasiliensis atua como um patógeno intracelular facultativo, sendo capaz de sobreviver e replicar no interior de macrófagos e neutrófilos não ativados. Essa habilidade tem sido considerada crucial para o desenvolvimento da doença. Dessa maneira, o P. brasiliensis deve ter desenvolvido mecanismos que o permitiu adaptar-se ao ambiente hostil imposto por células fagocíticas. A fim de testarmos essa hipótese avaliamos a resposta transcricional de P. brasiliensis ao microambiente de macrófagos peritoneais murinos por meio da utilização da metodologia de microarranjo. Dos 1152 genes analisados, identificamos 152 genes que foram diferencialmente expressos no interior dos macrófagos. Esses genes estavam relacionados principalmente a limitação de glicose e aminoácidos, construção de parede celular e estresse oxidativo. Em geral, nossos resultados sugerem uma plasticidade transcricional de P. brasiliensis em resposta ao ambiente hostil dos macrófagos, o que auxiliaria a adaptação e conseqüente sobrevivência desse patógeno no hospedeiro. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermal dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of the most common systemic mycosis in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis. The yeast form of P. brasiliensis acts as a facultative intracellular pathogen being able to survive and replicate within the phagosome of nonactivated murine and human macrophages. This ability has been proposed to be crucial to the development of disease. Thus, P. brasiliensis may have evolved mechanisms that counteract the constraints imposed by phagocytic cells. By using cDNA microarray technology we evaluated the early transcriptional response of this fungus to the environment of peritoneal murine macrophages in order to shed light on the mechanisms used by P. brasiliensis to survive within phagocytic cells. Of the 1152 genes analyzed, we identified 152 genes that were differentially transcribed. Intracellularly expressed genes were primarily associated with glucose and amino acid limitation, cell wall construction, and oxidative stress. For the first time, a comprehensive gene expression tool is used for the expression analysis of P. brasiliensis genes when interacting with macrophages. Overall, our data show a transcriptional plasticity of P. brasiliensis in response to the harsh environment of macrophages which may lead to adaptation and consequent survival of this pathogen.
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- 2007
23. Dectin-1 is required for miR155 upregulation in murine macrophages in response to Candida albicans.
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Agustinho, Daniel Paiva, de Oliveira, Marco Antônio, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, Derengowski, Lorena, Stolz, Valentina, Guilhelmelli, Fernanda, Mortari, Márcia Renata, Kuchler, Karl, and Silva-Pereira, Ildinete
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MACROPHAGES ,MESSENGER RNA ,CANDIDA albicans ,GENE expression ,LABORATORY mice - Abstract
The commensal fungal pathogenCandida albicansis a leading cause of lethal systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. One of the main mechanisms of host immune evasion and virulence by this pathogen is the switch from yeast form to hyphal growth morphologies. Micro RNAs (miRNAs), a small regulatory non-coding RNA, has been identified as an important part of the immune response to a wide variety of pathogens. In general, miRNAs act by modulating the intensity of inflammatory responses. miRNAs act by base-paring binding to specific sequences of target mRNAs, generally causing their silencing through mRNA degradation or translational repression. To study the impact ofC. albicanscell morphology upon host miRNA expression, we investigated the differential modulation of 9 different immune response-related miRNAs in primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) exposed to either yeasts or hyphal forms ofCandida albicans. Here, we show that the different growth morphologies induce distinct miRNA expression patterns in BMDMs. Interestingly, our data suggest that the C-Type lectin receptor Dectin-1 is a major PRR that orchestrates miR155 upregulation in a Syk-dependent manner. Our results suggest that PRR-mediating signaling events are key drivers of miRNA-mediated gene regulation during fungal pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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24. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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Tavares, Aldo Henrique, primary, Magalhães, Kelly Grace, additional, Almeida, Raquel Das Neves, additional, Correa, Rafael, additional, Burgel, Pedro Henrique, additional, and Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti, additional
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- 2013
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25. The Transcriptional Response of Cryptococcus neoformans to Ingestion by Acanthamoeba castellanii and Macrophages Provides Insights into the Evolutionary Adaptation to the Mammalian Host
- Author
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Derengowski, Lorena da S., primary, Paes, Hugo Costa, additional, Albuquerque, Patrícia, additional, Tavares, Aldo Henrique F. P., additional, Fernandes, Larissa, additional, Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, additional, and Casadevall, Arturo, additional
- Published
- 2013
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26. Transcriptional response of murine macrophages upon infection with opsonized Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells
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Silva, Simoneide S., primary, Tavares, Aldo Henrique F.P., additional, Passos-Silva, Danielle G., additional, Fachin, Ana L., additional, Teixeira, Santuza M.R., additional, Soares, Célia M.A., additional, Carvalho, Maria José A., additional, Bocca, Anamélia L., additional, Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, additional, Passos, Geraldo A.S., additional, and Felipe, Maria Sueli Soares, additional
- Published
- 2008
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27. Early transcriptional response of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis upon internalization by murine macrophages
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Tavares, Aldo Henrique F.P., primary, Silva, Simoneide S., additional, Dantas, Alessandra, additional, Campos, Élida G., additional, Andrade, Rosângela V., additional, Maranhão, Andréa Q., additional, Brígido, Marcelo M., additional, Passos-Silva, Danielle G., additional, Fachin, Ana L., additional, Teixeira, Santuza M.R., additional, Passos, Geraldo A.S., additional, Soares, Célia M.A., additional, Bocca, Anamélia L., additional, Carvalho, Maria José A., additional, Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, additional, and Felipe, Maria Sueli S., additional
- Published
- 2007
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28. The Effects of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection on GM-CSF- and M-CSF-Induced Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage from Resistant and Susceptible Mice Strains.
- Author
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de Souza Silva, Calliandra, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, Sousa Jeronimo, Marcio, Soares de Lima, Yasmin, da Silveira Derengowski, Lorena, Lorenzetti Bocca, Anamélia, and Silva-Pereira, Ildinete
- Subjects
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PARACOCCIDIOIDES brasiliensis , *BONE marrow , *MACROPHAGES , *MYCOSES , *CYTOKINES , *GENE expression profiling , *DISEASE susceptibility , *LABORATORY mice - Abstract
Considering the importance of macrophages as the first line of defense against fungal infection and the different roles played by the two M1- and M2-like polarized macrophages, we decided to evaluate the effects of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection on GM-CSF- and M-CSF-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from the A/J and B10.A mouse strains, an established model of resistance/susceptibility to PCM, respectively. Upon differentiation, the generated GM- or M-BMMs were characterized by morphological analyses, gene expression profiles, and cytokines production. Our main results demonstrate that GM-BMMs derived from A/J and B.10 produced high levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that may contribute to generate an unbalanced early immune response. In accordance with the literature, the B10.A susceptible mice lineage has an innate tendency to polarize into M1-like phenotype, whereas the opposite phenotype occurs in A/J resistance mice. In this context, our data support that susceptibility and resistance are strongly correlated with M1 and M2 polarization, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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29. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
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Tavares, Aldo Henrique, Magalhães, Kelly Grace, Almeida, Raquel Das Neves, Correa, Rafael, Burgel, Pedro Henrique, and Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti
- Subjects
- *
PARACOCCIDIOIDES brasiliensis , *PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS , *MYCOSES , *CYTOKINES , *BONE marrow - Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most prevalent systemic mycosis that is geographically confined to Latin America. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β that is mainly derived from the activation of the cytoplasmic multiprotein complex inflammasome is an essential host factor against opportunistic fungal infections; however, its role in infection with a primary fungal pathogen, such as P. brasiliensis, is not well understood. In this study, we found that murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells responded to P. brasiliensis yeast cells infection by releasing IL-1β in a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), caspase-1 and NOD-like receptor (NLR) family member NLRP3 dependent manner. In addition, P. brasiliensis-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was dependent on potassium (K+) efflux, reactive oxygen species production, phagolysosomal acidification and cathepsin B release. Finally, using mice lacking the IL-1 receptor, we demonstrated that IL-1β signaling has an important role in killing P. brasiliensis by murine macrophages. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome senses and responds to P. brasiliensis yeast cells infection and plays an important role in host defense against this fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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30. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
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Tavares, Aldo Henrique, Magalhães, Kelly Grace, Almeida, Raquel Das Neves, Correa, Rafael, Burgel, Pedro Henrique, and Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti
- Subjects
PARACOCCIDIOIDES brasiliensis ,PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS ,MYCOSES ,CYTOKINES ,BONE marrow - Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most prevalent systemic mycosis that is geographically confined to Latin America. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β that is mainly derived from the activation of the cytoplasmic multiprotein complex inflammasome is an essential host factor against opportunistic fungal infections; however, its role in infection with a primary fungal pathogen, such as P. brasiliensis, is not well understood. In this study, we found that murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells responded to P. brasiliensis yeast cells infection by releasing IL-1β in a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), caspase-1 and NOD-like receptor (NLR) family member NLRP3 dependent manner. In addition, P. brasiliensis-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was dependent on potassium (K+) efflux, reactive oxygen species production, phagolysosomal acidification and cathepsin B release. Finally, using mice lacking the IL-1 receptor, we demonstrated that IL-1β signaling has an important role in killing P. brasiliensis by murine macrophages. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome senses and responds to P. brasiliensis yeast cells infection and plays an important role in host defense against this fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Transcriptional Response of Cryptococcus neoformansto Ingestion by Acanthamoeba castellaniiand Macrophages Provides Insights into the Evolutionary Adaptation to the Mammalian Host
- Author
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Derengowski, Lorena da S., Paes, Hugo Costa, Albuquerque, Patrícia, Tavares, Aldo Henrique F. P., Fernandes, Larissa, Silva-Pereira, Ildinete, and Casadevall, Arturo
- Abstract
ABSTRACTVirulence of Cryptococcus neoformansfor mammals, and in particular its intracellular style, was proposed to emerge from evolutionary pressures on its natural environment by protozoan predation, which promoted the selection of strategies that allow intracellular survival in macrophages. In fact, Acanthamoeba castellaniiingests yeast cells, which then can replicate intracellularly. In addition, most fungal factors needed to establish infection in the mammalian host are also important for survival within the amoeba. To better understand the origin of C. neoformansvirulence, we compared the transcriptional profile of yeast cells internalized by amoebae and murine macrophages after 6 h of infection. Our results showed 656 and 293 genes whose expression changed at least 2-fold in response to the intracellular environments of amoebae and macrophages, respectively. Among the genes that were found in both groups, we focused on open reading frame (ORF) CNAG_05662, which was potentially related to sugar transport but had no determined biological function. To characterize its function, we constructed a mutant strain and evaluated its ability to grow on various carbon sources. The results showed that this gene, named PTP1(polyol transporter protein 1), is involved in the transport of 5- and 6-carbon polyols such as mannitol and sorbitol, but its presence or absence had no effect on cryptococcal virulence for mice or moth larvae. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the capacity for mammalian virulence originated from fungus-protozoan interactions in the environment and provide a better understanding of how C. neoformansadapts to the mammalian host.
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- 2013
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32. Avaliação do papel dos receptores de reconhecimento de padrões Dectina-2 e Dectina-3 na infecção experimental por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
- Author
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Miguel, Mariana de Resende Damas Cardoso and Tavares, Aldo Henrique Fonseca Pacheco
- Subjects
Infecção - fungos ,Receptores de reconhecimento padrão (PRRs) ,Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ,Paracoccidioidomicose - Abstract
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, 2019. A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma doença sistêmica causada pelo fungo dimórfico do gênero Paracoccidioides spp., podendo afetar tanto indivíduos imunocomprometidos como aqueles imunocompetentes. A PCM tem alta incidência em países da América Latina, principalmente no Brasil. O perfil de resposta Th1 está associado a uma maior proteção contra o P. brasiliensis e o envolvimento de células da resposta imune inata é essencial para o direcionamento dessa resposta. Receptores de Reconhecimento Padrão (PRRs) são importantes para o reconhecimento inicial de patógenos, e lectinas do tipo C, um tipo de PRR, são cruciais no reconhecimento de fungos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o papel dos receptores Dectina-2 e Dectina-3 na infecção por P. brasiliensis. Células dendríticas derivadas de medula óssea (BMDCs) e macrófagos derivados de medula óssea (BMDMs) de linhagens de camundongos do tipo selvagem e deficientes de cada receptor foram infectadas por P. brasiliensis para as análises in vitro. Para a verificação de resposta in vivo, camundongos selvagens e deficientes de Dectina-2 ou Dectina-3 foram infectados pelo fungo para a averiguação de suas sobrevivências. Por fim, infectou-se novamente os animais deficientes de Dectina-2 para coleta de órgãos e análise de UFC, histopatologia e citocinas. Fagócitos deficientes de Dectina-2 produziram significativamente menor quantidade de citocinas (TNF- α, IL-6, IL-1β e IL-10) em em comparação com os selvagens e BMDMs deficientes apresentaram menor capacidade fagocítica e fungicida. Não houve detecção de atividade complementar entre os receptores estudados. Linfócitos T selvagens cultivados com BMDCs deficientes de Dectina-2 produziram menores quantidades de IFN-γ e maiores quantidades de IL-13, demonstrando a relevância de Dectina-2 na indução de resposta imune protetora contra P. brasiliensis em modelos de infecção in vitro. Os animais deficientes de Dectina-2 apresentaram menor produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e maior produção daquelas reguladoras, fazendo com que houvesse maior detecção de UFC em seus pulmões e resultando em uma sobrevivência significativamente afetada. Por sua vez, as células deficientes de Dectina-3 não apresentaram diferença significativa de produção de citocinas, expressão de moléculas co-estimulatórias, fagocitose e atividade fungicida em relação ao controle. Além disso, os camundongos infectados deficientes do receptor não apresentaram maior susceptibilidade diante da infecção por P. brasiliesis. Em conjunto, tais resultados indicam que Dectina-2 – e não Dectina 3 - desempenha um importante papel na indução de resposta imune protetora contra P. brasiliensis. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease caused by the dimorphic fungus of the genus Paracoccidioides spp., which may affect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. PCM has a high incidence in Latin American, mainly in Brazil. The Th1 immune response is associated with a greater protection against the desease and the involvement of the innate immunity is essential for targeting this response. Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are important for the initial recognition of pathogens, and C type lectins (CLRs) are crucial in the recognition of fungi. Thus, the objective of the study is to evaluate the role of Dectin-2 and Dectin-3 in P. brasiliensis infection. Dectin-2 and Dectina-3 knockout BMDCs and BMDMs were infected with the fungus for the in vitro analyses. For the in vivo analysis, Dectin-2 and Dectin-3 knockout mice were infected by P. brasiliensis and their survival were assessed. Furthermore, Dectin-2 knockout mice were infected and sacrificed with 30 and 60 days after infection for CFU, histophatology analysis and cytokine production in lungs and liver. Dectin-2 knockout phagocytes produced significantly lower amounts of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 IL-1β and IL-10) compared to wild-type and Dectin-2 deficient BMDMs had lower phagocytic and fungicidal capacity. There was no detection of complementary activity among the CLRs studied. T lymphocytes cultured with Dectin-2 knockout BMDCs produced lower amounts of IFN-γ and higher amounts of IL-13, demonstrating the relevance of Dectin-2 in inducing a protective immune response against P. brasiliensis in vitro. Dectin-2-deficient mice had lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased production of the regulatory ones. They presented higher CFUs in their lungs and a significantly lower survival compared to the wild-type mice. Dectin-3-deficient cells did not show significant difference in cytokine production, expression of co-stimulatory molecules, phagocytosis and fungicidal activity in relation to the control. Moreover, Dectin-3 knockout mice did not present greater mortality compared to wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that Dectin-2 – and not Dectin-3 – has an important role in inducing a protective immune response against P. brasiliensis.
- Published
- 2019
33. Moléculas pequenas secretadas pelo fungo Cryptococcus neoformans interferem na ativação do inflamassoma NLRP3
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Bürgel, Pedro Henrique Miranda, May, Robin C., and Tavares, Aldo Henrique Fonseca Pacheco
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Infecção - fungos ,Fagocitose ,Cryptococcus neoformans ,Inflamassoma - Abstract
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, 2018. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF). Cryptococcus neoformans é uma levedura encapsulada capaz de causar doença principalmente em hospedeiros imunocomprometidos. É considerada um patógeno intracelular facultativo por causa de sua capacidade de sobreviver e se replicar no interior de fagócitos, especialmente macrófagos. Esta capacidade é extremamente dependente de vários fatores de virulência expressos pelo fungo, que tornam o macrófago não ativado ou fracamente ativado ineficaz no combate a levedura fagocitada. Estratégias utilizadas pelo macrófago visando prevenir este cenário incluem a piroptose (uma morte celular programada, rápida e altamente inflamatória) e a vomocitose (expulsão não lítica do patógeno do meio intracelular). A ativação do inflamassoma em fagócitos é geralmente protetiva no combate a infecções fúngicas, incluindo na criptococose. Ainda assim, o reconhecimento do C. neoformans por receptores associados ao inflamassoma requer mudanças específicas em sua morfologia ou opsonização da levedura, dificultando assim o funcionamento apropriado desta via durante a infecção. Neste contexto, analisamos o impacto de moléculas secretadas pela cepa selvagem B3501 e o mutante acapsular Δcap67 em um modelo in vitro de ativação canônica do inflamassoma. Nossos resultados mostraram que o meio condicionado derivado de B3501 (CM35) era capaz de inibir a ativação do inflamassoma e eventos dependentes (por exemplo, secreção de IL-1β) de maneira mais robusta que o meio condicionado derivado de Δcap67 (CMCAP), mesmo este efeito sendo independente da presença de GXM. Também demonstramos que macrófagos tratados com meio condicionado se encontravam menos responsivos contra a infecção com a cepa virulenta H99, exibindo menor capacidade fagocítica, aumento em carga fúngica intracelular e na promoção da vomocitose. Adicionalmente, demonstramos que o metabólito Ácido 3-indol lático (ILA) está presente no CM35 e apresenta inibição contra a ativação do inflamassoma NLRP3. Também analisamos o papel de vesículas extracelulares secretadas pelo fungo na inibição da via do inflamassoma. De forma geral, os resultados apresentados mostram que o meio condicionado de uma cepa selvagem de C. neoformans é capaz de inibir uma importante via de reconhecimento e consequentemente inibir funções fungicidas de macrófagos, contribuindo para a sobrevivência fúngica em modelos in vitro, indicando um possível papel importante destas moléculas secretadas durante a infecção criptococócica. Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast capable of causing disease mainly in immunosuppressed hosts. It is considered a facultative intracellular pathogen because of its capacity to survive and replicate inside phagocytes, especially macrophages. This capacity is heavily dependent on various virulence factors that render the non or poorly activated macrophage ineffective against the phagocyted yeast. Strategies utilized by macrophages to prevent this scenario includes pyroptosis (a rapid highly inflammatory cell death) and vomocytosis (the expulsion of the pathogen from the intracellular environment without lysis). Inflammasome activation in phagocytes is usually protective against fungal infections, including cryptococcosis. Nevertheless, recognition of C. neoformans by inflammasome receptors requires specific changes in morphology or the opsonization of the yeast, impairing a proper inflammasome function. In this context, we analysed the impact of molecules secreted by B3501 strain and its nonencapsulated mutant Δcap67 in an inflammasome canonical activation in vitro model. Our results showed that conditioned media derived from B3501 (CM35) was capable of inhibiting inflammasome dependent events (i.e. IL-1β secretion) strongly than conditioned media from Δcap67 (CMCAP), regardless of GXM presence. We also demonstrated that macrophages treated with conditioned media were less responsive against infections with the virulent strain H99, exhibiting less phagocytosis capacity, increased fungal burden and vomocytosis. Moreover, we showed that the aromatic metabolite DL-Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) was present in CM35 and have impact in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We also analysed the role of extracellular vesicles regarding inhibition of inflammasome. Overall the results presented show that conditioned media from a C. neoformans wild-type strain can inhibit an important recognition pathway and subsequently fungicidal functions in macrophages, contributing to fungal survival in vitro, indicating an important role of secreted molecules during cryptococcal infections in the host.
- Published
- 2018
34. Modulação do inflamassoma por componentes de cápsula secretados pelo Cryptococcus neoformans
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Pedro Henrique Miranda Bürgel, Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti, and Tavares, Aldo Henrique Fonseca Pacheco
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Cryptococcus neoformans ,Inflamassoma ,Piroptose - Abstract
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, 2015. O Cryptococcus neoformans é um fungo patogênico humano que afeta majoritariamente indivíduos imunossuprimidos. Ele é o agente causador da meningite criptocócica e tem como principal fator de virulência uma cápsula polissacarídica que recobre sua parede celular. Os componentes desta cápsula estão envolvidos em diversos mecanismos de escape e de supressão da resposta imune desenvolvidos pelo fungo, o que leva a uma resposta não adequada da imunidade inata frente à infecção com consequente disseminação do patógeno. Dentre estes componentes, a glucoronoxilomanana (GXM) se destaca devido à grande variedade de modulações que a mesma é capaz de exercer em diversos tipos celulares. Neste trabalho, demonstramos uma nova interação entre estes componentes capsulares secretados e macrófagos: a inibição da secreção de IL-1β e da piroptose em macrófagos previamente ativados. Primeiramente verificamos que estes componentes possuíam a capacidade de inibir a produção de IL-1β, sem interferir na ativação fornecida pelo primeiro sinal – necessária para a produção da dada citocina. Caracterizamos parcialmente a molécula responsável por esta inibição, chegando a uma molécula pequena (menor que 1kDa), resistente ao calor (121 °C) e polar. Também verificamos que a piroptose dos macrófagos estimulados era prevenida por estes componentes capsulares, confirmando a interferência na via do inflamassoma destas células. Posteriormente realizamos ensaios para definir o mecanismo de ação pelo qual esta interferência estava ocorrendo. Verificamos que existiam depósitos da citocina intracelular pró-IL-1β e também que a enzima caspase-1 estava ativada nos macrófagos em contato com os componentes capsulares do C. neoformans. Por último, realizamos ensaios de interação entre os macrófagos e leveduras de C. neoformans, observando uma replicação intracelular exacerbada do fungo nas células tratadas com os componentes capsulares. Estes resultados demonstram a presença de uma molécula com caráter anti-inflamatório, acrescentando mais um mecanismo de modulação ao já extenso arsenal de fatores de virulência expressos pelo C. neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans is a human pathogenic fungus that affects mainly immunocompromised individuals. It is the causative agent of the cryptococcal meningitis and it´s major virulence factor is a polysaccharide capsule that covers it´s cell wall. The components of this capsule are involved in various mechanisms of evasion and suppression of the immune response developed by the fungus, which leads to an inadequate answer of the innate immunity to the infection and consequent dissemination of the pathogen. Among these components, the glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) stands out due to the great variety of modulations that it is able to perform in several cell types. In this study, we demonstrated a novel interaction between these capsular components secreted by the fungus and macrophages: the inhibition of IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis in previously stimulated macrophages. First, we verified that these components had the ability to inhibit the production of IL-1β without interfering in the activation led by the first signal – necessary for the production of this given cytokine. Then we partially characterized the molecule responsible for this inhibition, discovering that it was a small molecule (smaller then 1kDa), heat resistant (121 °C) and polar. We also found that the pyroptosis was being prevented in the stimulated macrophages, confirming the interference in the inflammasome pathway of these cells. Later we performed tests to define the mechanism of action by which these interferences were occurring. We found deposits of the intracellular cytokine pro-IL-1β and also activated caspase-1 enzyme in macrophages that were in contact with C. neoformans capsular components. Ultimately, we performed interaction tests between macrophages and yeast cells of C. neoformans, observing an exacerbated intracellular growth of the fungus inside the cells treated with the capsular components. These results demonstrated the presence of a molecule with anti-inflammatory character, adding another modulatory mechanism into the already extensive arsenal of virulence factors expressed by the C. neoformans.
- Published
- 2017
35. Efeito imunomodulador da dexmedetomidina como anestésico adjuvante em pacientes submetidos a artrodese de coluna via posterior
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Miranda, Luciano Pereira, Tavares, Aldo Henrique Fonseca Pacheco, and Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti
- Subjects
Resposta inflamatória ,Ensaios clínicos ,Trauma ,Sistema nervoso central - Abstract
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, 2017. O trauma desencadeia uma resposta tecidual organizada envolvendo o sistema nervo central, o eixo hipotálamo-pituitária-adrenal e o sistema imune. O desenvolvimento das reações de estresse ao trauma determina a magnitude da síndrome de resposta inflamatória sistêmica. São muitos os fatores cirúrgicos e anestésicos que afetam a resposta ao trauma, sendo o controle do fator inflamatório considerado o de maior importância. A resposta imune/inflamatória tem como objetivo preservar a homeostase; entretanto, esta resposta inflamatória pode significar um gatilho para a descompensação do estado fisiológico. Diferentes graus de síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica se desenvolve, determinando alterações clínicas, como edema, hipotensão, delírio, instabilização de placa ateromatosa vulnerável, choque cardiogênico e morte. Logo são necessárias investigações que avaliem alterações na resposta inflamatória e sua aplicabilidade durante o trauma asséptico. A associação de alfa2 agonista à anestesia geral promove o controle da resposta ao trauma por alterar o reflexo neuroinflamatório, a via antinocicepção e a imunomodulação. A dexmedetomidine utilizada como agente anestésico imunomodulador, visando controle da resposta fisiológica ao trauma, pode levar a melhores resultados perioperatório. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da administração de dexmedetomidina em associação à anestesia geral em modelo cirúrgico de grande porte, a artrodese de coluna via posterior. Trata-se de ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo cego e placebo controlado com dois grupos de pacientes, grupo intervenção (dexmedetomidina 0,2 - 1 ug/kg/hr) e grupo placebo comparador (solução salina nas mesmas taxas de infusão). Foram coletados 4 amostras de sangue para dosagem de marcadores segundo padrão para o controle imune: Avaliação da liberação das citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1b, Il-6 e TNF-a) e alterações endócrinometabólicas (catecolaminas, cortisol, insulina e glicemia). As alterações cardiovasculares, renais, respiratórias e qualitativas foram avaliadas durante todo período perioperatório através de marcadores séricos (troponina I, creatinoquinase-MB, pró-BNP, cistatina-C, gasometria e leucometria) e alterações clínicas (hemodinâmica, sangramento cirúrgico, débito urinário, qualidade de despertar, escala de sedação Ricker, dor pós-operatória e avaliação qualitativa com questionário QoR40). Este projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Sarah de Reabilitação em Junho/2016 (n° 50057415.0.0000.0022). Foi observado que a curva de IL-6 apresentou uma amortecimento no grupo intervenção com significânica estatística na manhã do pós-operatório (- 49.3 [58, 108]; p = 0.08) e segundo dia de pós-operatório (- 48.9 [39, 88]; p = 0,135). A produção de leucócitos diminuiu no pósoperatório imediato (- 4886 [ 6646, 11532]; p = 0,0001) e segundo dia (- 648 [ 8960, 9554]; p = 0,04). Em contraste, ocorreu aumento do TNF-α com significância estatística no primeiro dia pós-operatório (+1.19 [6.3,5.1]; p = 0.041). Os demais parâmetros avaliados não apresentaram alterações entre os grupos. Estes resultados confirmam o efeito imunomodulador da dexmedetomidina e foram acompanhados de melhor diurese, taxa de filtração glomerular pela cistatina-C, diminuição do pró-BNP, estabilidade hemodinâmica e diminuição da dor pós-operatória. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system and immune system crosstalk acts in the initiation and propagation of reactions to trauma distress. Several factors affect the immune response owing to surgery and anesthesia, being the inflammatory factor considered of major importance. The immune / inflammatory response is an evolutionary survival mechanism aimed at preserving salt and water, defense against infections and healing. However, this inflammatory response may means trigger for a chronic basal inflammatory state or the decompensation of a physiological state, determining different degrees of morbidity, such as hypotension, delirium, vulnerable atheromatous plaque instability, cardiogenic shock and death. Regarding the current field, surveys are needed to evaluate the real clinical significance of immune control in the asseptic trauma. In order to blunt the surgical stress response, dexmedetomidine as an immunomodulatory agent plays a way to more effective control to the endocrine-metabolic response, predicate role to better outcomes in patients undergoing to major surgical trauma. The aim of this study is evaluate if the association of dexmedetomidine at general anesthesia standing effective immunomodulatory control to trauma and improve changes at outcomes in patients undergoing to spinal fusion. A randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed to compare two groups, active dexmedetomidine group (dexmedetomidine 0.2 - 1 ug/kg/hr) and placebo comparator (normal saline). Our study was approved by the Ethnic Committee (no 50057415.0.0000.0022) since June of 2016. We started enrolling the patients in July of 2016. In time, we have n = 24 patients. Goals standard to immune control: Measure of proinflammatory cytokines [IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha]; changes from baseline of cellular and humoral T-helper cells activity [interferon-gamma and IL-4], and; the endocrine-metabolic changes [cortisol, insulin and glucose] has been collected by arterial line at four times. Outcomes to improve hemodynamic safety and recovery quality is being evaluated and recorded throught all perioperatory. In data analysis, we found an IL-6 curve showing a cushioning of the immune response with statistical significance on the postoperative morning (- 49.3 [58, 108], p = 0.08) and second postoperative day (- 48.9 [39, 88]; p = 0.135). Leukocyte production decreased in the immediate postoperative period (4886 [6646, 11532], p = 0.0001) and second day (-648 [8960, 9554], p = 0.04). In contrast, a significant increase in TNF-α was observed on the first postoperative day (+1.19 [6.3.5.1], p = 0.041). These results confirm the immunomodulatory effect of dexmedetomidine and were accompanied by better diuresis, glomerular filtration rate by cystatin-C, decreased pro-BNP, hemodynamic stability and decreased postoperative pain.
- Published
- 2017
36. Caracterização das bases moleculares da suscetibilidade imunológica à infecção por Candida albicans
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Daniel Paiva Agustinho, Tavares, Aldo Henrique Fonseca Pacheco, and Pereira, Ildinete Silva
- Subjects
Candidíase ,Sistema imunológico - Abstract
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, 2015. O fungo comensal Candida albicans pode causar doenças infecciosas sistêmicas letais em pacientes imussuprimidos. Um dos principais mecanismos de evasão ao sistema imune do hospedeiro e virulência é a mudança para a forma de hifa. Macrófagos e monócitos são as células do sistema imune inato que formam a primeira linha de defesa contra ainfecção de C. albicans, e essas células reconhecem patógenos através de Receptores de Reconhecimento de Padrão (PRR). A ativação desses PRRs induz uma cascata desinalização que culmina na produção de citocinas específicas, que orquestram a respostaimune. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) são considerados uma parte essencial da resposta imune a diversos patógenos, geralmente regulando a intensidade dessa resposta. miRNAs se ligam a sequências específicas de seus mRNAs alvo, geralmente silenciando-os através de degradação ou repressão traducional. Esse estudo focou em analisar os padrões moleculares de suscetibilidade à C. albicans, investigando as diferenças em expressão gênica em resposta a C. albicans em duas linhagens de Mus musculus, uma suscetível e outra resistente a esse fungo. Macrófagos derivados de medula óssea dessas duas linhagens (DBA/2J e BALB/c, respectivamente) foram co-cultivados com C. albicans e seus RNAs totais foram extraídos e sequenciados por RNA-seq. As análises preliminares dos dados de RNA-seq validam a qualidade das sequências obtidas e asseguram seu uso nas etapas subsequentes, voltadas à caracterização comparativa do transcritoma diferencial entre as linhagens suscetível e resistente de camundongo. Para tal, as etapas subsequentes envolverão a análise da expressão diferencial de genes e sua validação por qRT-PCR, bem como a interpretação destes dados com base nos genes expressos diferencialmente, como uma ferramenta para o melhor entendimento das bases moleculares da suscetibilidade a este patógeno de grande interesse médico. Assim, estas próximas análises determinarão genes diferencialmente expressos e que são chave na resposta imune durante a infecção de C. albicans. Neste trabalho, também avaliamos o impacto da morfologia de C. albicans sobre a modulação da expressão de miRNAs em células do hospedeiro. Assim, a modulação da expressão de nove diferentes miRNAs relacionados à resposta imune foi avaliada a partir da interação de macrófagos primários derivados de medula expostos a leveduras e hifas de C. albicans foi investigada. Neste estudo, foi mostrado que as diferentes tipos celulares deste fungo induzem padrões distintos de expressão de miRNAs em macrófagos. Além disso, esses dados mostram que a indução de miR155 por hifas em BMDMs é controlada no nível transcricional durante a fase inicial da interação patógeno-hospedeiro. É interessante ressaltar que o receptor Dectina-1 é um importante PRR que orquestra a expressão de miR155 de maneira dependente de Syk. Esses resultados sugerem que eventos de sinalização mediados por PRRs são importantes na regulação de miRNAs durante infecções fúngicas e descreve pela primeira vez a provável e principal via de sinalização envolvida nesse processo. The commensal fungal pathogen Candida albicans can cause lethal systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. One of the main mechanisms of host immune evasion and virulence is the switch to hyphal growth morphologies. Macrophages and monocytes are the inate immune cells that represent the first line of defense against C. albicans infection, and they recognise pathogens via Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs). Activation of these receptors induces a signalling pathway that culminates in specific cytokine production, that orchestrates the immune response. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are considered an essential part of the immune response to a wide variety of pathogens, generally regulating the intensity of this response. miRNAs bind to specific sequences of target mRNAs, thus generally silencing these targets through mRNA degradation or translational repression. This study focused on analyzing the molecular patterns of susceptibility to C. albicans by investigating the differences in gene expression response of two mouse strains, one susceptible and the other resistant to this fungus. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from these strains (DBA/2J and BALB/c, respectively) were co-cultured with C.albicans and their total RNA were extracted and sequenced by RNA-seq. Preliminary analysis of the RNA-seq data validated the quality of obtained sequences and support their use in subsequent steps of comparative characterization of differential transcriptome between resistant and susceptible strains. The next steps will involve the analyses of differentially expressed genes, and their validation by qRT-PCR, as well as interpretation of these data, as a tool for understanding the molecular bases of suceptibility of this medically important pathogen. The next analyses analysis will determine differentially expressed genes which are key to the immune response during the infection by C. albicans. In this work we also analyzed the impact of C. albicans cell morphology upon the modulation of the host miRNA expression. Modulation of the expression of nine different immune response-related miRNAs in primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) exposed to either yeast or hyphal forms of C. albicans was investigated. Different growth morphologies were shown to induce distinct miRNA expression patterns in BMDMs. Moreover, our data show that hyphal induction of miR155 in BMDMs is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level during early stages of the host-pathogen interaction. Interestingly, our data suggest that the C-Type lectin receptor Dectin-1 is a major PRR that orchestrates miR155 up regulation in a Syk-dependent manner. These results suggest that PRR-mediated signaling events are key drivers of miRNA-mediated gene regulation during fungal pathogenesis and describe for the first time the signaling pathway likely to be the most important in this process.
- Published
- 2015
37. Atividade de peptídeos derivados da peçonha de escorpiões em macrófagos murinos: avaliação da sua influência na resposta à cryptococose
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Karina Smidt Simon, Tavares, Aldo Henrique, and Bocca, Anamélia Lorenzetti
- Subjects
Venenos - proteínas - peptídeos ,Toxicidade ,Escorpião - Abstract
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, 2014. A ocorrência de infecções causadas por patógenos oportunistas, dentro das UTIs são responsáveis por altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade, caracterizando um grave problema de saúde pública. Um desses patógenos é o Cryptococcus neoformans, um fungo basidiomiceto, causador da criptococose. Essa é uma doença manifestada principalmente por indivíduos imunocomprometidos, onde a incapacidade do organismo desses pacientes de eliminar o fungo acaba por permitir a migração do mesmo para diversos tecidos, incluindo o sistema nervoso. Lá ele se estabelece, causando a meningoencefalite, que é a forma mais grave da doença, e eventual morte. O sucesso terapêutico para a criptococcose é bastante baixo, necessitando-se, então, de novas estratégias para o tratamento da doença. AMPs vem sendo investigados como elementos promissores no tratamento de diversas doenças. Estes peptídeos são encontrados em todos os organismos pluricelulares, onde exercem atividades regulatórias e microbicida. Os peptídeos com atividade protetora do organismo, podem, no caso de animais venenosos, ser expressos constitutivamente nas glândulas de veneno. Considerado que esses peptídeos tem o potencial de eliminar patógenos e alterar a atividade de células relacionadas com a defesa dos organismo, foram testados seis peptídeos para ação fungicida contra o C. neoformans e atividade imunomodulatória com macrófagos murinos. Esses peptídeos foram sintetizados a partir da biblioteca de cDNA das glândulas de veneno de escorpiões das espécies Tityus obscurus, Tityus serrulatus e Hadrurus gerstchi. Testes de atividade hemolítica, atividade citotóxica para células de mamíferos, e capacidade microbicida direta e indireta foram executados para todos os peptídeos. Foi verificada a atividade antinflamatória de dois dos peptídeos, além a da alta tóxicidade para o fungo de um terceiro peptídeo Estes peptídeos apresentaram, na concentração em que foram capazes de exercer suas respectivas atividades, baixa capacidade hemolítica e baixa toxicidade para células de mamíferos. Além disso, foi feito um primeiro esforço para entender a estrutura secundária dos peptídeos com atividades modulatória e microbicida, na tentativa de compreender melhor a ação dessas sequências. A utilização desses peptídeos pode ser considerada promissora para o desenvolvimento de novas terapias para o tratamento da criptococose. __________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The occurrence of infections caused by opportunistic pathogens within the ICU is responsible for high morbidity and mortality inside the hospitals, featuring a serious public health problem. One of them is the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycete that is the cause of cryptococcosis. This is a disease manifested mainly in immunocompromised patients, where the body's inability to eliminate the pathogen eventually allow the fungus migration to various tissues, including the nervous system. There it establishes, causing meningoencephalitis, the most severe form of the disease, and eventual death. Successful treatment for cryptococcosis is rather low, so it becomes a necessity to search for new strategies of treatment for this infirmity. Antimicrobial peptides are being investigated as a promising treatment for many illness. These peptides are found in all multicellular organisms, where they exert regulatory and microbicidal activities. The peptides with protective activity of the organism may be expressed constitutively in venom glands, in the case of poisonous animals. Considering that these peptides has the potential to eliminate pathogens and alter the activity of cells related to the defense of the organisms, here we tested six peptides for a fungicide activity against C. neoformans and immunomodulatory capacity in murine macrophages. These peptides were synthesized from the cDNA library of the venom gland of Tityus obscurus, Tityus serrulatus and Hadrurus gerstchi scorpion species. Tests of hemolytic activity, cytotoxic activities to mammalian cells, and direct and indirect microbicidal capacity were performed for all peptides. There was verified the anti-inflammatory activity of two of the peptides, in addition to the high toxicity to the fungus of a third peptide. At the concentration in which they were able to pursue their activities, these peptides presented low hemolytic capacity and low toxicity to mammalian cells. Furthermore, a first effort has been made to understand the secondary structure of peptides with microbicidal and modulatory activities, in an attempt to better understand the action of these sequences. The use of these peptides may be considered promising for the development of new therapies for the treatment of cryptococcosis.
- Published
- 2014
38. Cryptococcus neoformans Secretes Small Molecules That Inhibit IL-1 β Inflammasome-Dependent Secretion.
- Author
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Bürgel PH, Marina CL, Saavedra PHV, Albuquerque P, de Oliveira SAM, Veloso Janior PHH, de Castro RA, Heyman HM, Coelho C, Cordero RJB, Casadevall A, Nosanchuk JD, Nakayasu ES, May RC, Tavares AH, and Bocca AL
- Subjects
- Animals, Caspase 1 metabolism, Cryptococcosis, Culture Media, Conditioned, Dendritic Cells metabolism, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Lactic Acid metabolism, Macrophages metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phagocytosis, Polysaccharides metabolism, Virulence Factors metabolism, Cryptococcus neoformans metabolism, Inflammasomes metabolism, Interleukin-1beta antagonists & inhibitors, Interleukin-1beta metabolism, Polysaccharides chemistry
- Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that causes disease mainly in immunosuppressed hosts. It is considered a facultative intracellular pathogen because of its capacity to survive and replicate inside phagocytes, especially macrophages. This ability is heavily dependent on various virulence factors, particularly the glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) component of the polysaccharide capsule. Inflammasome activation in phagocytes is usually protective against fungal infections, including cryptococcosis. Nevertheless, recognition of C. neoformans by inflammasome receptors requires specific changes in morphology or the opsonization of the yeast, impairing proper inflammasome function. In this context, we analyzed the impact of molecules secreted by C. neoformans B3501 strain and its acapsular mutant Δcap67 in inflammasome activation in an in vitro model. Our results showed that conditioned media derived from B3501 was capable of inhibiting inflammasome-dependent events (i.e., IL-1 β secretion and LDH release via pyroptosis) more strongly than conditioned media from Δcap67 , regardless of GXM presence. We also demonstrated that macrophages treated with conditioned media were less responsive against infection with the virulent strain H99, exhibiting lower rates of phagocytosis, increased fungal burdens, and enhanced vomocytosis. Moreover, we showed that the aromatic metabolite DL-Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) and DL-p-Hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA) were present in B3501's conditioned media and that ILA alone or with HPLA is involved in the regulation of inflammasome activation by C. neoformans . These results were confirmed by in vivo experiments, where exposure to conditioned media led to higher fungal burdens in Acanthamoeba castellanii culture as well as in higher fungal loads in the lungs of infected mice. Overall, the results presented show that conditioned media from a wild-type strain can inhibit a vital recognition pathway and subsequent fungicidal functions of macrophages, contributing to fungal survival in vitro and in vivo and suggesting that secretion of aromatic metabolites, such as ILA, during cryptococcal infections fundamentally impacts pathogenesis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Pedro Henrique Bürgel et al.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Effects of metoclopramide on the expression of metalloproteinases and interleukins in left colonic anastomoses. An experimental study.
- Author
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Marques e Silva S, Jerônimo MS, Silva-Pereira Id, Tavares AH, Bocca AL, and Sousa JB
- Subjects
- Anastomosis, Surgical, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Intraabdominal Infections etiology, Male, Metalloproteases metabolism, Postoperative Period, Random Allocation, Rats, Wistar, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sepsis etiology, Wound Healing drug effects, Antiemetics pharmacology, Colon surgery, Gene Expression drug effects, Interleukins metabolism, Metalloproteases drug effects, Metoclopramide pharmacology
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on metalloproteinases (MMP) and interleukins (IL) gene expression in colonic anastomoses in rats., Methods: Eighty rats were divided into two groups for euthanasia on the 3rd or 7th postoperative day (POD), then into two subgroups for sepsis induction or not, and then into subgroups to receive either metoclopramide or saline solution. Left colonic anastomosis were performed and then analyzed., Results: On the 3rd POD, metoclopramide was associated with increased expression of MMP-1a, MMP-13, and TNF-α. On the 7th POD, the transcripts of all MMPs, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 of the treated animals became negatively modulated. In the presence of sepsis, metoclopramide did not change MMPs and decreased IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-10 gene expression on the 3rd POD. On the 7th POD, increased expression of all MMPs, IFN-γ and IL-10 and negative modulated TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression., Conclusion: Administration of metoclopramide increased metalloproteinases and interleukins gene expression on the 3rd postoperative day and negatively modulated them on the 7th POD. In the presence of abdominal sepsis, metoclopramide did not change MMPs and decreased ILs gene expression on the 3rd POD. On the 7th POD, the drug increased expression of all MMPs.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Virulence insights from the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis transcriptome.
- Author
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Tavares AH, Silva SS, Bernardes VV, Maranhão AQ, Kyaw CM, Poças-Fonseca M, and Silva-Pereira I
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, DNA, Complementary, DNA, Fungal, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Paracoccidioides enzymology, Paracoccidioides genetics, Paracoccidioidomycosis virology, Transcription, Genetic physiology, Virulence genetics, Expressed Sequence Tags metabolism, Paracoccidioides pathogenicity, Transcription, Genetic genetics
- Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, is a dimorphic fungus, which is found as mycelia at 22-26 degrees C and as yeasts at 37 degrees C. A remarkable feature common to several pathogenic fungi is their ability to differentiate from mycelium to yeast morphologies, or vice-versa. Although P. brasiliensis is a recognized pathogen for humans, little is known about its virulence genes. In this sense, we performed a search for putative virulence genes in the P. brasiliensis transcriptome. BLAST comparative analyses were done among P. brasilienses assembled expressed sequence tags (PbAESTs) and the sequences deposited in GenBank. As a result, the putative virulence PbAESTs were grouped into five classes, metabolism-, cell wall-, detoxification-related, secreted factors, and other determinants. Among these, we have identified orthologs of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes, a metabolic pathway involved in the virulence of bacteria and fungi. Besides the previously described alpha- and beta-glucan synthases, orthologs to chitin synthase and mannosyl transferases, also important in cell wall synthesis and stabilization, were identified. With respect to the enzymes involved in the intracellular survival of P. brasiliensis, orthologs to superoxide dismutase, thiol peroxidase and an alternative oxidase were also found. Among the secreted factors, we were able to find phospholipase and urease orthologs in P. brasiliensis transcriptome. Collectively, our results suggest that this organism may possess a vast arsenal of putative virulence genes, allowing the survival in the different host environments.
- Published
- 2005
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