Search

Purpose: We want to compare the synergistic effect of low-intensity, dual-frequency (dual) ultrasound (US), applied in a repetitive sonication mode, and acoustically active lipospheres (AALs) containing doxorubicin (DOX) in a murine model (Balb/C). Subjects and Methods: The tumor-bearing mice were divided into nine groups, namely two untreated groups (control and sham), and seven experimental groups, including treated with dual-frequency US (150 kHzcontinuous + 1MHzpulse), triple exposure (3×30min) dual-frequency US, DOX (2 mg/kg intravenous), DOX in combination with single exposure (30 min) to dual-frequency US (drug + dual), DOX in combination with triple (3 × 30 min) exposure to dual-frequency US (drug + dual [REP]), AALs containing the drug-loaded (AAL), and a group receiving AAL in combination with single exposure (30 min) dual-frequency US (AAL + dual), respectively. Results: The effectiveness of DOX on tumor growth was enhanced by a factor of three when combined with the triple exposures of dual US (drug + dual [REP]). This combination protocol further increased the times needed for each tumor to 2 and 7 times its initial volume, respectively by 94% and 36% compared to the drug group. During the 30 days, following the treatment of tumors, the relative volume of tumors in AAL group was 118% less than that of the drug group. The survival rate of the groups treated with drug and AAL + dual was increased by 78.7% and 167% compared with sham, respectively. Conclusion: Although as a short treatment, a major improvement in treatment was observed by (drug + dual [REP]) compared with other treatments, the AAL + dual treatment compared with (drug + dual [REP]) showed an increase in the survival rates, hence more preferable over long periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study describes the pathologic changes in the brain and the spinal cord of aborted, stillbirth and deformities of newborn lambs infected with viral agents. Methods: From February 2012 to March 2013, a total of 650 aborted fetuses from 793 pregnant ewes were studied from 8 flocks at different areas in the Mazandaran province in the north of Iran. And randomly, systematic necropsy was performed to collect tissues, and all gross abnormalities were recorded at necropsy by the pathologist . Nevertheless, we conducted a limited number of necropsies for aborted fetuses. Results: In the most cases, arthrogryposis was the most common musculoskeletal defects and at necropsy, malformations of the brain included hydranencephaly, porencephaly, hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia, mainly in the brain stem and gray and white matter of the brain and cerebellum were observed. Histopathologic lesions included chronic multifocal lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis(nonsuppurative) with extensive perivascular cuffing in some cases, formation of glial nodules mainly in the mesencephalon, thalamus, hippocampus, pons and medulla oblongata in the brain of aborted fetuses, and neuronal degeneration, necrosis and central chromatolysis mainly in the cortex and subcortical of the brain and brain stem regions of them. Furthermore, microscopic lesions are mostly linked to a neurodegenerative and necrotic cell death process in the gray matter of ventral horn of the spinal cord. Briefly, histopathologic findings in the brain and spinal cord included hyperemia, hemorrhage, non-suppurative encephalitis, mononuclear perivascular cuffing, multifocal gliosis, cavitation, central chromatolysis, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, perineuronal and perivascular edema in the all regions of the brain and acute neuronal necrosis in the gray matter of ventral horn of the spinal cord were also seen. Conclusion: Our study suggested that the sheep fetuses are fully susceptible to viral infections and may even develop neurolopathological lesions upon natural infection with mentioned pathogens .Therefore ,according to, specific lesions caused by viral infections, we believe that the histopathological pattern were detected in this study could be associated with either viral infection and or mainly by a Bunyavirus / or Flavivirus strains that extensively shares common lesions with Rift Valley fever ,Wesselsbron ,Cache valley virus / or and Akabaneviruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of chondrocytes and occurs most commonly on the flat bones and the nasal cavity. Mammary chondrosarcoma is an uncommon tumor in canine practice. The aim of present paper is to report a case of mammary chondrosarcom in a 10-year-old German shepherd bitch. The dog with a mass in her right caudal thoracic mammary gland which grown gradually in 8 months, was referred to the veterinary teaching hospital. The mass and local lymph nodes were resected by complete mastectomy and were sent to department of veterinary pathology for histopathological examination. Macroscopically, the mass was fluctuant containing firm mases in it, totally measuring 5x4x5 cm in diameter. The cross section was yellow and there were many cavernous structures which were filled with grayish fluid. Microscopic examination revealed a mass of large mature cartilage structures with lacunae and chondrocytes and chondroblastes with new forming structures of cartilage. Immonohistochemical investigation revealed that the tumor is negative for Estrogen receptor (ER) expression. According to macroscopic and microscopic investigations chondrosarcoma was diagnosed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) are uncommonly reported in the ulnar, since they are underestimated relative to the more common spindle cell tumours of soft tissue. In dogs, MPNST accounts for 27% of nervous system tumours. In man, MPNST represents 5-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas and is often associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1).An 8-year-old, 9 kg, female mixed-breed dog with a subcutaneous mass on the upper right side of the ulnar region was presented to the small animal research and teaching hospital of Tehran University. The dog was anorexic with general weakness. The mass (7 × 4 cm) was removed surgically and processed routinely. Microscopically, the mass was composed of highly cellular areas with a homogeneous population of round or spindle cells, high cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic index and various morphologic patterns. Furthermore, spindle cells arranged in densely or loosely sweeping fascicles, interlacing whorls, or storiform patterns together with wavy cytoplasm, nuclear palisades, and round cells were arranged in sheets or cords with a meshwork of intratumoral nerve fibers. In addition, in this case the presence of neoplastic cells within the blood vessels was observed. Immunohistochemically, tumor was positive for vimentin and S-100 protein. The histopathologic features coupled with the S-100 and vimentin immunoreactivity led to a diagnosis of malignant neurofibroma. To the best of our knowledge, primary ulnar MPNST has not been reported in animals. This is the first documentation of an ulnar malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour in a dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fumonisin B1 is a common secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium moniliforme that occurs in corn and corn-based foods. This mycotoxin is toxic to many species of laboratory and domestic animals and is known to induce a variety of diseases such as hepatic cancer and renal and hepatic dysfunction. The structure of fumonisin B1 (FB1) resembles sphingolipids so it can inhibit synthesis of ceramide, an enzyme in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. This inhibition leads to the disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and increased levels of sphinganine and sphingosine (sphingoid bases) in the serum of treated animals. It is believed that the toxicity effect of fumonisin B1 is the result of these sphingoid bases. In the present research, mice were treated with FB1 to determine its pathological effects on gastric gland and gastric mucosa in the treated mice. For this purpose, the mice were randomly assigned into two groups, namely, control ( n = 14) and treatment ( n = 15). The treatment group was fed with prepared food containing FB1 (150 mg/kg) for a period of 4 months. One day after the last treatment, all animals in both groups were euthanized and their stomach were sampled and prepared for microscopic analysis. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant decrease in parietal cell number and a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells in gastric mucosa. Also, atrophy of gastric glands was observed. The study confirmed that FB1 poisoning can have toxicopathological effects such as gastric gland atrophy and gastritis on mice gastric tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Ulnar malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour diagnosis in a mixedbreed dog as a model to study human beings through histologic, immunohistochemical, and clinicopathology" is presented.

The infundibular keratinizing acanthoma (IKA) is a rare epithelial benign keratin-containing neoplasm of hair follicles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the defining histopathologic architecture of IKA. A typical IKA consisted of a keratin-filled crypt in the dermis and subcutis that opened to the skin surface. Most of this tumor occurred on the back, neck, head, and the shoulders. Microscopically, the dermal nodules were focally contiguous in both the dermis and subcutis. Furthermore, most histological lesions are consistent with a simple or multiloculated cyst filled with keratin and lined by a wall of stratified squamous epithelium; keratin appears as a concentric lamellar mass, with a keratotic pearly aspect. Histological examination of the cutaneous lesions revealed that the growths were comprised of IKA. IKA of man and dog were compared, and it was concluded that although they are similar in many respects, they are not identical entities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence of IKAs among the population of owned dogs in Iran.

Histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. The Elston and Ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. The aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. The samples included 37 tumors of mammary glands. Mammary tumors were carcinomas (n = 32) and sarcomas (n = 5). The carcinomas were classified as simple carcinoma 56.8% (n = 21), complex carcinoma 13.5% (n = 5), carcinoma arising from benign tumor 10.8% (n= 4) and special type of carcinoma 5.4% (n = 2). Out of 32 carcinomas studied, 37.5% (n = 12) grade I, 46.9% (n = 15) grade II and 15.6% (n = 5) grade III. This study demonstrated that the Elston and Ellis method of histological grading in canine mammary tumor is a reliable prognostic factor which is correlated with histopathological classification.