Search

Your search keyword '"Taylor E. Shaw"' showing total 3 results
Start Over Author "Taylor E. Shaw"
3 results on '"Taylor E. Shaw"'

1. Species diversity in restoration plantings: Important factors for increasing the diversity of threatened tree species in the restoration of the Araucaria forest ecosystem

Author

Taylor E. Shaw

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

The Araucaria forest ecosystem in southern Brazil is highly threatened: less than one percent of the original forest remains, and what is left is a fragmented agro-mosaic of mostly early-to-late secondary forest patches among high-yield agriculture and timber monocultures. Forest restoration initiatives in this region aim to restore degraded areas, however the limited number of species used in restoration projects represents a missed opportunity for species-rich plantings. High diversity plantings represent a larger number of functional groups and provide a targeted conservation strategy for the high number of threatened species within this ecosystem. This study interviewed nurseries (Ns) and restoration practitioners (RPs) in Paraná and Santa Catarina states to identify what species are being cultivated and planted, and what factors are driving the species selection process. An average of 20 species were reportedly used in restoration plantings, most of which are common, widespread species. Baseline data confirms that Ns and RPs have disproportionately low occurrences of threatened species in their inventories and plantings, supporting findings from previous research. Questionnaire responses reveal that opportunities for seed acquisition are an extremely important factor in order for nurseries to increase their diversity of cultivated species. Results also suggest that facilitating species-rich plantings for restoration practitioners would only be feasible if it did not increase the time required to complete planting projects, as it would minimize their ability to keep costs low. This study proposes solutions for increasing the number of species used in restoration practice—such as developing a comprehensive species list, fostering knowledge-sharing between actors, creating seed sharing programs, and increasing coordination of planting projects. Long-term strategies involve complimenting traditional ex situ approaches with emerging inter-situ and quasi in situ conservation strategies which simultaneously provide long-term preservation of genetic diversity and increase seed production of target species. Keywords: Restoration, Araucaria forest, Threatened species, Nurseries, Restoration practitioners, Decision-making

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Barcoded nanoparticles for high throughput in vivo discovery of targeted therapeutics

Author

Daniel G. Anderson, Taylor E. Shaw, James E. Dahlman, Yiping Xing, Robert Langer, Faryal F. Mir, Eric T. Wang, Chloe C. Dlott, and Kevin J. Kauffman

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Biodistribution, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, Cell Separation, Biology, Deep sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Drug Delivery Systems, In vivo, Nucleic Acids, Drug Discovery, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Tissue Distribution, Molecular Targeted Therapy, RNA, Small Interfering, Lung, Multidisciplinary, Biological Sciences, Factor VII, Flow Cytometry, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Liver, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Nucleic acid, Biophysics, Particle mixing, Nanoparticles, Female, RNA Interference
Abstract

Nucleic acid therapeutics are limited by inefficient delivery to target tissues and cells and by an incomplete understanding of how nanoparticle structure affects biodistribution to off-target organs. Although thousands of nanoparticle formulations have been designed to deliver nucleic acids, most nanoparticles have been tested in cell culture contexts that do not recapitulate systemic in vivo delivery. To increase the number of nanoparticles that could be tested in vivo, we developed a method to simultaneously measure the biodistribution of many chemically distinct nanoparticles. We formulated nanoparticles to carry specific nucleic acid barcodes, administered the pool of particles, and quantified particle biodistribution by deep sequencing the barcodes. This method distinguished previously characterized lung- and liver- targeting nanoparticles and accurately reported relative quantities of nucleic acid delivered to tissues. Barcode sequences did not affect delivery, and no evidence of particle mixing was observed for tested particles. By measuring the biodistribution of 30 nanoparticles to eight tissues simultaneously, we identified chemical properties promoting delivery to some tissues relative to others. Finally, particles that distributed to the liver also silenced gene expression in hepatocytes when formulated with siRNA. This system can facilitate discovery of nanoparticles targeting specific tissues and cells and accelerate the study of relationships between chemical structure and delivery in vivo.

Published
2017

3. In vivo endothelial siRNA delivery using polymeric nanoparticles with low molecular weight

Author

Dganit Danino, Omar F. Khan, Klaus Charisse, Matthew J. Webber, Akin Akinc, Yizhou Dong, Tatiana Novobrantseva, Shan Jiang, Roman L. Bogorad, Vera M. Ruda, Matthias Nahrendorf, Taylor E. Shaw, Dayna K. Mudge, Rubin M. Tuder, Aude Thiriot, Andrew Bader, Daniel G. Anderson, Mark W. Kieran, Hendrik B. Sager, Tim Racie, Christopher G. Levins, Lauren Speciner, Partha Dutta, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Robert Langer, Mario F. Perez, Siddharth Jhunjunwala, Kevin Fitzgerald, Avi Schroeder, Kamaljeet Singh Sandhu, Dipak Panigrahy, James E. Dahlman, Ludmila Abezgauz, Lynelle P. Smith, Hao Yin, Danielle Seedorf, Abigail K. R. Lytton-Jean, Victor Koteliansky, Gaurav Sahay, Carmen M. Barnés, Brian T. Kalish, Yiping Xing, Apeksha Dave, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Dahlman, James E., Khan, Omar F., Jhunjhunwala, Siddharth, Shaw, Taylor E., Xing, Yiping, Sahay, Gaurav, Bader, Andrew, Bogorad, Roman L., Yin, Hao, Dong, Yizhou, Jiang, Shan, Seedorf, Danielle, Dave, Apeksha, Sandhu, Kamaljeet Singh, Webber, Matthew, Ruda, Vera M., Lytton-Jean, Abigail K. R., Levins, Christopher G., Langer, Robert, and Anderson, Daniel Griffith

Subjects
Small interfering RNA, Endothelium, Polymers, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Vascular permeability, Nanotechnology, Article, Cell Line, Mice, In vivo, RNA interference, Neoplasms, medicine, Animals, Humans, Gene silencing, General Materials Science, RNA, Small Interfering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chemistry, Endothelial Cells, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell culture, Drug delivery, Nanoparticles, RNA Interference
Abstract

Dysfunctional endothelium contributes to more diseases than any other tissue in the body. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can help in the study and treatment of endothelial cells in vivo by durably silencing multiple genes simultaneously, but efficient siRNA delivery has so far remained challenging. Here, we show that polymeric nanoparticles made of low-molecular-weight polyamines and lipids can deliver siRNA to endothelial cells with high efficiency, thereby facilitating the simultaneous silencing of multiple endothelial genes in vivo. Unlike lipid or lipid-like nanoparticles, this formulation does not significantly reduce gene expression in hepatocytes or immune cells even at the dosage necessary for endothelial gene silencing. These nanoparticles mediate the most durable non-liver silencing reported so far and facilitate the delivery of siRNAs that modify endothelial function in mouse models of vascular permeability, emphysema, primary tumour growth and metastasis., American Society for Engineering Education. National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, National Science Foundation (U.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Presidential Fellowship

Published
2014

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results