283 results on '"Taylor JJ"'
Search Results
2. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the interleukin-10 gene promoter (IL-10.G) and genetic susceptibility to early-onset periodontal disease
- Author
-
Hennig, BJW, Parkhill, JM, Chapple, ILC, Heasman, PA, and Taylor, JJ
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The 2015 Australia–Germany Tax Treaty, BEPS, and the Multilateral Instrument
- Author
-
Taylor, JJ and Taylor, JJ
- Abstract
This article examines the influence of the Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development (OECD) Base Erosion and Profit Shifting(BEPS) project, prior Australian tax treaty practice, the OECD Model andGerman tax treaty practice on the 2015 Australia–Germany Tax Treaty (the 2015 Treaty). Reference is made in this article to the Explanatory Memorandum to International Tax Agreements Amendment Bill 2016 in ascertaining the influence of the BEPS recommendations, German tax treaty practice and prior Australian treaty practice on the treaty. Provisions in the 2015 Treaty were compared with recommendations and discussions in the various reports issued by the OECD as part of the BEPS project to determine the extent to which the treaty provisions reflected the BEPS recommendations. To determine whether particular provisions showed the influence of German tax treaty practice, they were compared with the German Model Tax Treaty as published by the German Ministry of Finance. To determine whether particularprovisions were consistent with past idiosyncratic features of Australian tax treaty practice, they were compared with provisions in prior Australian tax treaties, with archival records of Australian tax treaty negotiations and with the results of prior investigations of Australian tax treaty practice. The article argues that in future Australia should make further adjustments to its tax treaty practice in a post-BEPS and Multilateral Instrument environment.
- Published
- 2017
4. Gamifying the tax system: International tax teaching with the Play Tax simulation
- Author
-
Taylor, JJ, Kayis-Kumar, A, Bain, K, Taylor, JJ, Kayis-Kumar, A, and Bain, K
- Published
- 2017
5. PlayTax: 'Gamifying' International Tax Teaching
- Author
-
Taylor, JJ, Kayis-Kumar, A, Bain, K, Taylor, JJ, Kayis-Kumar, A, and Bain, K
- Abstract
This paper reports on the development and implementation of an online computer game, PlayTax, which was used in the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Business School course International Business Taxation (TABL2756 and TABL5583) for the first time in Session 1 2016 as a means of teaching general principles of outbound international tax planning. The idea for developing PlayTax was the product of several factors: general awareness by course staff of the pedagogic value of interactive and problem-based approaches to learning; survey data of employers that indicated a clear preference for students with ‘soft skills’; a UNSW Business School policy of promoting teaching approaches that encourage critical thinking and analysis and utilise digital technology; and the positive experience and expertise of the School of Economics in the UNSW Business School in developing and using an online computer game in teaching first-year microeconomics. PlayTax provides an applied learning experience for students, who are made responsible for determining international business decisions. These decisions enable students to establish operations across multiple jurisdictions, make capital funding decisions, and determine sales and pricing strategy – including the possibility of developing an e-commerce presence. Importantly, international tax rules overlay these business decisions, and act as decision-making parameters. The overall aims of PlayTax are to raise student awareness of some outbound international planning principles and to have students think critically about the structuring issues involved in international tax planning. This paper begins by outlining the background context in which the game was developed and reviews the existing academic literature on the use of gamification in teaching. The paper then provides an in-depth discussion of the game itself: the process of developing and implementing PlayTax; lessons learned from the pilot testing; and the effect of the game on
- Published
- 2017
6. Three Mile Island-2: Influence on Commercial Nuclear Power Development
- Author
-
Taylor, JJ, primary
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. S65 Large and small airway epithelial cell senescence present in COPD and bronchiectasis?
- Author
-
Birch, J, primary, Johnson, G, additional, Jiwa, K, additional, Anderson, R, additional, Ward, C, additional, Taylor, JJ, additional, Corris, PA, additional, Passos, JF, additional, Fisher, AJ, additional, and De Soyza, A, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The expanding evidence base for rTMS treatment of depression.
- Author
-
George MS, Taylor JJ, Short EB, George, Mark S, Taylor, Joseph J, and Short, E Baron
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. BEHAVIOUR OF TURBULENT WATER JETS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND IN PLUNGE POOL S. DISCUSSION ON PAPER 9136.
- Author
-
ERVINE, DA, HALVEY, HT, TAYLOR, JJ, and HOYT, JW
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Detection of T-cell receptor gamma chain V gene rearrangements using the polymerase chain reaction: application to the study of clonal disease cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Author
-
Taylor, JJ, primary, Rowe, D, additional, Williamson, IK, additional, Christmas, SE, additional, Proctor, SJ, additional, and Middleton, PG, additional
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Evaluation of TBII Activity in Untreated Graves' Disease Using Solubilised Thyroid Membranes
- Author
-
Taylor Jj, Young Et, P. Kendall-Taylor, and Holcombe M
- Subjects
endocrine system ,030213 general clinical medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Graves' disease ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Thyroid Gland ,Thyrotropin ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Normal serum ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Radioligand Assay ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Radioligand ,Chemical Precipitation ,Humans ,Receptor ,biology ,business.industry ,Cell Membrane ,Thyroid ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Graves Disease ,Membrane ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Ammonium Sulfate ,Immunoglobulin G ,Polyethylene glycol precipitation ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business ,Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating - Abstract
The development and evaluation of a TSH radioligand receptor assay for TSH-binding-inhibiting immunoglobulins and its application to the study of patients with Graves' disease are described. Optimal conditions for the binding of 125I-TSH to solubilised thyroid membranes are defined. Polyethylene glycol precipitation was employed to prepare immunoglobulins from serum for assay and gave results comparable to ammonium sulphate precipitation. Immunoglobulins from normal serum did not interfere in the assay; preparations from patients with untreated Graves' disease gave positive results in 44 out of 56 cases. Coefficients of intra- and inter-assay variation were 7·0% and 9·8% respectively. The method is therefore not only sensitive and reproducible but is sufficiently simple and rapid for routine application.
- Published
- 1985
12. Clinical Laboratory Methods
- Author
-
Taylor, JJ
- Subjects
Book Reviews - Published
- 1983
13. BEHAVIOUR OF TURBULENT WATER JETS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND IN PLUNGE POOL S. DISCUSSION ON PAPER 9136.
- Author
-
ERVINE, DA, primary, HALVEY, HT, additional, HOYT, JW, additional, and TAYLOR, JJ, additional
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. CORRESPONDENCE. RENEWAL OF BALLAST AND TRACK BY MECHANICAL MEANS IN POLHILL TUNNEL.
- Author
-
CANTRELL, A H, primary and TAYLOR, jJ H C, additional
- Published
- 1949
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Blood Cell Morphology: Grading Guide By Gene Gulati, 96 pp with illus, Chicago, Illinois, American Society for Clinical Pathology Press, 2009.
- Author
-
Taylor JJ
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Challenges in assessing the effects of environmental governance systems on conservation outcomes.
- Author
-
Ayambire RA, Rytwinski T, Taylor JJ, Luizza MW, Muir MJ, Cadet C, Armitage D, Bennett NJ, Brooks J, Cheng SH, Martinez J, Nagendran M, Öckerman S, Rivera SN, Savage A, Wilkie DS, Cooke SJ, and Bennett JR
- Abstract
Effective governance is crucial for the success of conservation projects aimed at protecting wildlife populations and supporting human well-being. However, few large-scale, comprehensive syntheses have been conducted on the effects of different environmental governance types on conservation outcomes (i.e., biological and ecological effectiveness or effects of conservation on human well-being), and clarity on the quantity and quality of evidence remains dispersed and ambiguous. We attempted a systematic map of the evidence on the effectiveness of different governance types to meet desired conservation outcomes in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. However, early in this effort, we observed a general lack of empirical research on the links between governance and conservation outcomes. To fill observed data gaps in the evidence base, we tried triangulating governance data from alternative sources (Protected Planet database) and pooling evidence from research conducted within the same conservation areas. Limited data were contained in the Protected Planet database, and governance types in conservation areas and landscapes were complex, making it difficult to use these approaches to assign governance types to conservation areas. To illustrate our observations from the failed systematic map attempt, we prepared a rapid evidence map that outlines a subset of the evidence base of articles linking governance types and governance principles with conservation outcomes. Only 3.2% (34 of 1067) of the articles we screened directly related conservation outcomes to governance type, and even fewer related governance principles to conservation outcomes. Based on our findings, we recommend improving the evidence base by supporting empirical research and increasing the availability and quality of governance data in freely accessible databases. These recommendations are critical for enhancing understanding of the role of governance in conservation projects and improving conservation outcomes., (© 2024 The Author(s). Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Evolution of T-cell fitness through AML progression: enhanced bispecific T-cell engager-mediated function of bone marrow T cells at remission compared to initial diagnosis and relapse.
- Author
-
Kazerani M, Marcinek A, Philipp N, Brauchle B, Taylor JJ, Moreno HD, Terrasi A, Tast B, Rohrbacher L, Wang Y, Warm M, Emhardt AJ, Magno G, Spiekermann K, Herold T, Straub T, Theurich S, Schotta G, Kischel R, Bücklein VL, and Subklewe M
- Subjects
- Humans, Remission Induction, Antibodies, Bispecific therapeutic use, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local pathology, Male, Female, Recurrence, Bone Marrow Cells pathology, Bone Marrow Cells immunology, Middle Aged, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute pathology, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute immunology, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute diagnosis, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute therapy, Disease Progression
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Merkel cell carcinoma-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may promote persistence of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
- Author
-
Alencar GF, Rodriguez HJ, Pulliam TH, Remington AJ, Gilmour MW, Alam R, Jabbour AJ, Mullen LJ, DeBuysscher BL, Nghiem P, and Taylor JJ
- Abstract
While concurrent diagnoses of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and other cancers, like Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), are rare, patients with MCC have a 30-fold higher incidence of CLL. While these increases have been attributed to the ability of CLL to suppress immune responses allowing for the emergence of MCC, here we found evidence that MCC could support the persistence of CLL. Using single cell sequencing approaches and computational analyses of MCC and CLL from a patient where both cancers were present in the same lymph node, we found that production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by MCC could promote the persistence of CLL through stimulation of CD74 and CXCR4. These results may explain why blood cell counts rapidly normalized after treatment for MCC and were maintained at normal levels despite the absence of treatment for CLL.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Surgical Repair of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Case Series and Discussion of the Current Literature.
- Author
-
Taylor JJ, Hoggard CE, and Gegg CA
- Abstract
Objective: To assess factors which may influence surgical success following brachial plexus reconstruction for obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI)., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 27 consecutive patients who underwent brachial plexus reconstruction following OBPI by a single pediatric neurosurgeon, 22 of which had adequate follow-up be included in analysis. Data on preoperative function, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Mallet grades for abduction, external rotation, and hand-to-mouth were used as a measure of upper trunk function., Results: All patients undergoing brachial plexus reconstruction (n = 27) were found to have some degree of upper-trunk injury intra-operatively. Of the 22 patients with adequate follow-up to be included in the analysis, 17 had some degree of improvement in Mallet grade postoperatively. Prior to surgery, 95% (21/22) of patients had an abduction Mallet grade of 1, compared to 23% (5/22) at the time of maximum improvement (P < 0.001). These values were 100% (20/20) to 35% (5/14) (P < 0.001), and 95% (21/22) to 27% (6/22) (P < 0.001) for external rotation and hand-to-mouth, respectively. The average time to maximum Mallet grade was 583 days (standard deviation 356 days). Age at time of surgery and time to maximum recovery were not found to be correlated., Conclusions: Brachial plexus reconstruction is an effective treatment modality for patients without spontaneous recovery of upper extremity function following OBPI, although identifying the optimal age-range for surgery remains elusive. Patients with intraoperative findings consistent with a more severe injury may be less likely to benefit from surgery., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. A New Angle on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil Orientation: A Targeted Narrative Review.
- Author
-
Cerins A, Thomas EHX, Barbour T, Taylor JJ, Siddiqi SH, Trapp N, McGirr A, Caulfield KA, Brown JC, and Chen L
- Subjects
- Humans, Motor Cortex physiology, Brain physiology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation methods
- Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to treat several neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, where it is effective in approximately one half of patients for whom pharmacological approaches have failed. Treatment response is related to stimulation parameters such as the stimulation frequency, pattern, intensity, location, total number of pulses and sessions applied, and target brain network engagement. One critical but underexplored component of the stimulation procedure is the orientation or yaw angle of the commonly used figure-of-eight TMS coil, which is known to impact neuronal response to TMS. However, coil orientation has remained largely unchanged since TMS was first used to treat depression and continues to be based on motor cortex anatomy, which may not be optimal for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex treatment site. In this targeted narrative review, we evaluate experimental, clinical, and computational evidence indicating that optimizing coil orientation may improve TMS treatment outcomes. The properties of the electric field induced by TMS, the changes to this field caused by the differing conductivities of head tissues, and the interaction between coil orientation and the underlying cortical anatomy are summarized. We describe evidence that the magnitude and site of cortical activation, surrogate markers of TMS dosing and brain network targeting considered central in clinical response to TMS, are influenced by coil orientation. We suggest that coil orientation should be considered when applying therapeutic TMS and propose several approaches to optimizing this potentially important treatment parameter., (Copyright © 2024 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Behavioural response of Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) to vessel noise during peak and off-peak human visitation.
- Author
-
Taylor JJ, McIntosh RR, Gray RB, and Charrier I
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Behavior, Animal, Ships, Australia, Fur Seals physiology, Noise
- Abstract
Vessel traffic is the greatest contributor to marine anthropogenic noise pollution, and particularly affects species utilising coastal areas. Seal Rocks (Victoria), the largest Australian fur seal breeding colony, has a relatively small vessel exclusion zone during the pupping and breeding season, when vessel traffic is at its peak. It is necessary to understand the impacts of visitation at sensitive marine sites to ensure they are adequately protected from human disturbance. This study assessed the behavioural response of hauled-out Australian fur seals at Seal Rocks to controlled vessel noise exposure during peak and off-peak vessel visitation periods. High level noise exposure (76-80 dB) resulted in increased vigilance and interruption to vital behaviours in both peak and off-peak periods. These behavioural responses were limited to the period of noise exposure but are nevertheless indicative of disturbance. It is important to ensure regulations intended to protect sensitive sites are up-to-date and evidence based., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Type I interferons induce an epigenetically distinct memory B cell subset in chronic viral infection.
- Author
-
Cooper L, Xu H, Polmear J, Kealy L, Szeto C, Pang ES, Gupta M, Kirn A, Taylor JJ, Jackson KJL, Broomfield BJ, Nguyen A, Gago da Graça C, La Gruta N, Utzschneider DT, Groom JR, Martelotto L, Parish IA, O'Keeffe M, Scharer CD, Gras S, and Good-Jacobson KL
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta genetics, Immunologic Memory immunology, Chronic Disease, B-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology, Single-Cell Analysis, Interferon Type I metabolism, Interferon Type I immunology, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis immunology, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virology, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus immunology, Memory B Cells immunology, Epigenesis, Genetic
- Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are key providers of long-lived immunity against infectious disease, yet in chronic viral infection, they do not produce effective protection. How chronic viral infection disrupts MBC development and whether such changes are reversible remain unknown. Through single-cell (sc)ATAC-seq and scRNA-seq during acute versus chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis viral infection, we identified a memory subset enriched for interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) during chronic infection that was distinct from the T-bet
+ subset normally associated with chronic infection. Blockade of IFNAR-1 early in infection transformed the chromatin landscape of chronic MBCs, decreasing accessibility at ISG-inducing transcription factor binding motifs and inducing phenotypic changes in the dominating MBC subset, with a decrease in the ISG subset and an increase in CD11c+ CD80+ cells. However, timing was critical, with MBCs resistant to intervention at 4 weeks post-infection. Together, our research identifies a key mechanism to instruct MBC identity during viral infection., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Production and use of antigen tetramers to study antigen-specific B cells.
- Author
-
Phelps A, Pazos-Castro D, Urselli F, Grydziuszko E, Mann-Delany O, Fang A, Walker TD, Guruge RT, Tome-Amat J, Diaz-Perales A, Waserman S, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Jordana M, Taylor JJ, and Koenig JFE
- Subjects
- Flow Cytometry methods, Antigens, B-Lymphocytes
- Abstract
B cells generate antibodies that provide protection from infection, but also cause pathology in autoimmune and allergic conditions. Antigen-specific B cells can be detected by binding their surface antibody receptors with native antigens conjugated to fluorescent probes, a technique that has revealed substantial insight into B cell activation and function. This protocol describes the process of generating fluorescent antigen tetramer probes and delineates a process of enriching large samples based on antigen-specificity for high-resolution analyses of the antigen-specific B cell repertoire. Enrichment of tetramer-binding cells allows for detection of antigen-specific B cells as rare as 1 in 100 million cells, providing sufficient resolution to study naive B cells and IgE-expressing cells by flow cytometry. The generation of antigen tetramers involves antigen biotinylation, assessment of biotin:antigen ratio for optimal tetramer loading and polymerization around a streptavidin-fluorophore backbone. We also describe the construction of a control tetramer to exclude B cells binding to the tetramer backbone. We provide a framework to validate whether tetramer probes are detecting true antigen-specific B cells and discuss considerations for experimental design. This protocol can be performed by researchers trained in basic biomedical/immunological research techniques, using instrumentation commonly found in most laboratories. Constructing the antigen and control tetramers takes 9 h, though their specificity should be assessed before experimentation and may take weeks to months depending on the method of validation. Sample enrichment requires ~2 h but is generally time and cost neutral as fewer cells are run through the flow cytometer., (© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Brain Circuits Involved in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Response in Adults Are Connected to a Similar Prefrontal Target in Children.
- Author
-
Taylor JJ, Palm ST, Cohen AL, Croarkin PE, Drew W, Fox MD, and Siddiqi S
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Child, Prefrontal Cortex physiology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Review of terrestrial temporarily conserved areas in Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
- Author
-
Wen X, Bennett JR, Rytwinski T, Karimi S, Spetka M, Taylor JJ, and Smith PA
- Subjects
- United States, Humans, Mexico, Biodiversity, Canada, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem
- Abstract
The establishment of protected areas is a cornerstone of conservation, but permanent protection could be inefficient or even impossible in some situations. We synthesized the literature on temporarily conserved areas (TCAs) across Canada, the United States, and Mexico. We used a comprehensive search string to retrieve peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2021 from the Web of Science. We identified 27 relevant peer-reviewed articles that examined the potential benefits of TCAs in the study area, indicating TCA is a relatively understudied area of research in the peer-reviewed literature. The TCA studies were highly clustered; 77% of studies focused on protecting a single life stage of migratory species and 61% of studies related to temporary conservation of breeding or staging habitats for migratory birds. Ninety-three percent of studies focused on preventing human-driven threats, mainly on public lands of coastal areas, the Great Plains, and the Mississippi Valley in the central United States. Short-term and experimental studies were the dominant study types. TCAs have the potential to complement permanently protected areas and provide protection when permanent protection is difficult. Some included studies examined their conservation value, but the ecological, social, and economic outcomes of TCAs are unclear. More TCA research is needed to determine the role they could play in conservation worldwide. Embracing the concept of TCAs as conservation tool could lead to more comprehensive and consistent reporting of the outcomes of temporary area-based conservation measures. However, a global review and analysis of effectiveness of TCAs will be required if they are to play a formal role in meeting international targets for biodiversity conservation., (© 2023 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Detection of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-Specific Memory B Cells Using Antigen Tetramers.
- Author
-
Cooper L, Szeto C, Jayasinghe D, Taylor JJ, Gras S, and Good-Jacobson KL
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Immunologic Memory, B-Lymphocytes immunology, B-Lymphocytes metabolism, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus immunology, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis immunology, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virology, Flow Cytometry methods, Antigens, Viral immunology, Memory B Cells immunology, Memory B Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Memory B cells are central to the establishment of immunological memory, providing long-term protection against specific pathogens and playing a vital role in the efficacy of vaccines. Understanding how memory B cell formation is disrupted during persistent infection is essential for new therapeutics. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an ideal model for investigating memory B cells in acute versus chronic infection. This protocol details techniques to isolate, enrich, and examine LCMV-specific memory B cells in both acute and chronic LCMV infection. Using an antigen tetramer enrichment system and flow cytometry, this method assesses low-frequency, polyclonal antigen-specific memory B cells., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Concurrent dermoid and epidermoid cysts in an adolescent patient: a case report.
- Author
-
Taylor JJ, Scherer AG, Shao L, and Westmoreland TJ
- Abstract
Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are benign lesions of ectodermal origin which are pathologically distinct entities, although often clinically indistinguishable. Cyst location, mobility, and appearance on MRI can help distinguish the two, however the distinction is mostly academic since both types have similar management. Co-occurrence of dermoid and epidermoid cysts together in the same patient has not been observed in the literature, however one case of an epidermoid cyst evolving into a dermoid cyst has been documented. In this case report, we identify a 16-year-old male with three separate cysts of the scalp and leg which, after histopathological analysis following surgical resection, were found to represent both dermoid and epidermoid cysts. We offer potential explanations for this rare occurrence in the absence of a genetic syndrome and highlight the importance of performing a thorough work-up of patients with multiple cysts., Competing Interests: No conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. What do individuals with visual impairment need and want from a dialogue-based digital assistant?
- Author
-
Taylor JJ, Subramanian A, Freitas A, Ferreira DM, and Dickinson CM
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Family, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vision Disorders psychology, Artificial Intelligence, Caregivers
- Abstract
Clinical Significance: Optometrists are well-placed to provide helpful advice and guidance to patients with visual impairment but may not know how best to do this. The availability of a reliable and comprehensive conversational agent to which patients could be directed would be a valuable supplement to clinical intervention., Background: The Artificial Intelligence in Visual Impairment (AIVI) Study is a proof-of-concept study to investigate whether ongoing information support for people with visual impairment (VI) can be provided by a dialogue-based digital assistant. The phase of the AIVI Study reported here explored the different dimensions of the information-seeking behaviour of individuals with VI: in particular, their need for information, the methods for obtaining it at present, and their views on the use of a digital assistant., Methods: Qualitative data were collected from 120 UK-resident adults who responded to an online survey who were either visually impaired (86.7%), a carer or family member of someone with VI (5.8%), or a professional involved in the support of those with VI (7.5%). In addition, 10 in-depth 1:1 semi-structured interviews explored opinions in more detail. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the findings., Results: Analysis of information needs identified 7 major themes: ocular condition; equipment, technology and adaptations; daily activities; registration; finance/employment; emotional support; and support for the carer. Participants used a wide variety of methods to access information from many sources and explained the barriers to access. Participants accepted the merit of a dialogue system aiding in a goal-directed search for specific information, but expressed reservations about its abilities in other areas, such as providing emotional support., Conclusions: Participants highlighted potential benefits, limitations, and requirements in using a digital assistant to access information about VI. These findings will inform the design of dialogue systems for populations with VI.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Establishment of isotype-switched, antigen-specific B cells in multiple mucosal tissues using non-mucosal immunization.
- Author
-
Prior JT, Limbert VM, Horowitz RM, D'Souza SJ, Bachnak L, Godwin MS, Bauer DL, Harrell JE, Morici LA, Taylor JJ, and McLachlan JB
- Abstract
Although most pathogens infect the human body via mucosal surfaces, very few injectable vaccines can specifically target immune cells to these tissues where their effector functions would be most desirable. We have previously shown that certain adjuvants can program vaccine-specific helper T cells to migrate to the gut, even when the vaccine is delivered non-mucosally. It is not known whether this is true for antigen-specific B cell responses. Here we show that a single intradermal vaccination with the adjuvant double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) induces a robust endogenous, vaccine-specific, isotype-switched B cell response. When the vaccine was intradermally boosted, we detected non-circulating vaccine-specific B cell responses in the lamina propria of the large intestines, Peyer's patches, and lungs. When compared to the TLR9 ligand adjuvant CpG, only dmLT was able to drive the establishment of isotype-switched resident B cells in these mucosal tissues, even when the dmLT-adjuvanted vaccine was administered non-mucosally. Further, we found that the transcription factor Batf3 was important for the full germinal center reaction, isotype switching, and Peyer's patch migration of these B cells. Collectively, these data indicate that specific adjuvants can promote mucosal homing and the establishment of activated, antigen-specific B cells in mucosal tissues, even when these adjuvants are delivered by a non-mucosal route. These findings could fundamentally change the way future vaccines are formulated and delivered., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Differential response to H-coil repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation before versus after the first COVID-19 shutdown.
- Author
-
Becker CR, Taylor JJ, Brown JC, Seiner SJ, and Siddiqi SH
- Subjects
- Humans, Treatment Outcome, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, COVID-19
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Shan H. Siddiqi serves as a scientific consultant for Magnus Medical and a clinical consultant for Kaizen Brain Center and Acacia Mental Health. Shan H. Siddiqi has received research support from Neuronetics Inc and Brainsway Ltd. Shan H. Siddiqi owns shares in Brainsway Ltd (publicly-traded) and Magnus Medical (not publicly traded). Shan H. Siddiqi has served as a speaker on behalf of Otsuka (unbranded educational material) and Brainsway (unbranded scientific material). None of these entities were involved in the present work.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The therapeutic use and efficacy of ketamine in alcohol use disorder and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a scoping review.
- Author
-
Goldfine CE, Tom JJ, Im DD, Yudkoff B, Anand A, Taylor JJ, Chai PR, and Suzuki J
- Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder (SUD) globally. In 2019, AUD affected 14.5 million Americans and contributed to 95,000 deaths, with an annual cost exceeding 250 billion dollars. Current treatment options for AUD have moderate therapeutic effects and high relapse rates. Recent investigations have demonstrated the potential efficacy of intravenous ketamine infusions to increase alcohol abstinence and may be a safe adjunct to the existing alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) management strategies., Methods: We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct a scoping review of two databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) for peer-reviewed manuscripts describing the use of ketamine in AUD and AWS. Studies that evaluated the use of ketamine in AUD and AWS in humans were included. We excluded studies that examined laboratory animals, described alternative uses of ketamine, or discussed other treatments of AUD and AWS., Results: We identified 204 research studies in our database search. Of these, 10 articles demonstrated the use of ketamine in AUD or AWS in humans. Seven studies investigated the use of ketamine in AUD and three studies described its use in AWS. Ketamine used in AUD was beneficial in reducing cravings, alcohol consumption and longer abstinence rates when compared to treatment as usual. In AWS, ketamine was used as an adjunct to standard benzodiazepine therapy during severe refractory AWS and at signs of delirium tremens. Adjunctive use of ketamine demonstrated earlier resolution of delirium tremens and AWS, reduced ICU stay, and lowered likelihood of intubation. Oversedation, headache, hypertension, and euphoria were the documented adverse effects after ketamine administration for AUD and AWS., Conclusion: The use of sub-dissociative doses of ketamine for the treatment of AUD and AWS is promising but more definitive evidence of its efficacy and safety is required before recommending it for broader clinical use., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Goldfine, Tom, Im, Yudkoff, Anand, Taylor, Chai and Suzuki.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Validation of Ligand Tetramers for the Detection of Antigen-Specific Lymphocytes.
- Author
-
Fitzpatrick KS, Degefu HN, Poljakov K, Bibby MG, Remington AJ, Searles TG, Gray MD, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Rosato PC, and Taylor JJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Mice, Ligands, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I metabolism, HLA-A2 Antigen, Histocompatibility Antigens metabolism, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, Peptides
- Abstract
The study of Ag-specific lymphocytes has been a key advancement in immunology over the past few decades. The development of multimerized probes containing Ags, peptide:MHC complexes, or other ligands was one innovation allowing the direct study of Ag-specific lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Although these types of study are now common and performed by thousands of laboratories, quality control and assessment of probe quality are often minimal. In fact, many of these types of probe are made in-house, and protocols vary between laboratories. Although peptide:MHC multimers can often be obtained from commercial sources or core facilities, few such services exist for Ag multimers. To ensure high quality and consistency with ligand probes, we have developed an easy and robust multiplexed approach using commercially available beads able to bind Abs specific for the ligand of interest. Using this assay, we have sensitively assessed the performance of peptide:MHC and Ag tetramers and have found considerable batch-to-batch variability in performance and stability over time more easily than using murine or human cell-based assays. This bead-based assay can also reveal common production errors such as miscalculation of Ag concentration. This work could set the stage for the development of standardized assays for all commonly used ligand probes to limit laboratory-to-laboratory technical variation and experimental failure caused by probe underperformance., (Copyright © 2023 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Bringing Human Brain Connectomics to Clinical Practice in Psychiatry.
- Author
-
Siddiqi SH, Taylor JJ, Horn A, and Fox MD
- Subjects
- Humans, Brain diagnostic imaging, Connectome, Psychiatry
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A transdiagnostic network for psychiatric illness derived from atrophy and lesions.
- Author
-
Taylor JJ, Lin C, Talmasov D, Ferguson MA, Schaper FLWVJ, Jiang J, Goodkind M, Grafman J, Etkin A, Siddiqi SH, and Fox MD
- Subjects
- Humans, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain pathology, Atrophy pathology, Gyrus Cinguli diagnostic imaging, Gyrus Cinguli pathology, Comorbidity, Mental Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
Psychiatric disorders share neurobiology and frequently co-occur. This neurobiological and clinical overlap highlights opportunities for transdiagnostic treatments. In this study, we used coordinate and lesion network mapping to test for a shared brain network across psychiatric disorders. In our meta-analysis of 193 studies, atrophy coordinates across six psychiatric disorders mapped to a common brain network defined by positive connectivity to anterior cingulate and insula, and by negative connectivity to posterior parietal and lateral occipital cortex. This network was robust to leave-one-diagnosis-out cross-validation and specific to atrophy coordinates from psychiatric versus neurodegenerative disorders (72 studies). In 194 patients with penetrating head trauma, lesion damage to this network correlated with the number of post-lesion psychiatric diagnoses. Neurosurgical ablation targets for psychiatric illness (four targets) also aligned with the network. This convergent brain network for psychiatric illness may partially explain high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and could highlight neuromodulation targets for patients with more than one psychiatric disorder., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cross-protective antibodies against common endemic respiratory viruses.
- Author
-
Cabán M, Rodarte JV, Bibby M, Gray MD, Taylor JJ, Pancera M, and Boonyaratanakornkit J
- Subjects
- Humans, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Viral Fusion Proteins, Cross Protection, Metapneumovirus, Paramyxoviridae Infections prevention & control, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
- Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainfluenza virus types one (HPIV1) and three (HPIV3) can cause severe disease and death in immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and those with underlying lung disease. A protective monoclonal antibody exists for RSV, but clinical use is limited to high-risk infant populations. Hence, therapeutic options for these viruses in vulnerable patient populations are currently limited. Here, we present the discovery, in vitro characterization, and in vivo efficacy testing of two cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, one targeting both HPIV3 and HPIV1 and the other targeting both RSV and HMPV. The 3 × 1 antibody is capable of targeting multiple parainfluenza viruses; the MxR antibody shares features with other previously reported monoclonal antibodies that are capable of neutralizing both RSV and HMPV. We obtained structures using cryo-electron microscopy of these antibodies in complex with their antigens at 3.62 Å resolution for 3 × 1 bound to HPIV3 and at 2.24 Å for MxR bound to RSV, providing a structural basis for in vitro binding and neutralization. Together, a cocktail of 3 × 1 and MxR could have clinical utility in providing broad protection against four of the respiratory viruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality in at-risk individuals., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Ecological integrity and conservation challenges in a rapidly changing Arctic: A call for new approaches in large intact landscapes.
- Author
-
Trammell EJ, Carlson ML, Reynolds JH, Taylor JJ, and Schmidt NM
- Subjects
- Humans, Arctic Regions, Climate, Alaska, Ecosystem, Climate Change
- Abstract
Intactness is a commonly used measure of ecological integrity, especially when evaluating conservation status at the landscape scale. We argue that in the large and relatively unfragmented landscapes of the Arctic and sub-Arctic, intactness provides only partial insight for managers charged with maintaining ecological integrity. A recent landscape assessment suggests that 95% of Alaska shows no measured direct or indirect impacts of human development on the landscape. However, the current exceptionally high levels of intactness in Alaska, and throughout the Arctic and sub-Arctic, do not adequately reflect impacts to the region's ecological integrity caused by indirect stressors, such as a rapidly changing climate and the subsequent loss of the cryosphere. Thus, it can be difficult to measure, and manage, some of the conservation challenges presented by the ecological context of these systems. The dominant drivers of change, and their associated ecological and socioeconomic impacts, vary as systems decline in ecological integrity from very high to high, and to intermediate levels, but this is not well understood in the literature. Arctic and sub-Arctic systems, as well as other large intact areas, provide unique opportunities for conservation planning, but require tools and approaches appropriate to unfragmented landscapes undergoing rapid climate-driven ecological transformation. We conclude with possible directions for developing more appropriate metrics for measuring ecological integrity in these systems., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Network Effects of Brain Lesions Causing Central Poststroke Pain.
- Author
-
Kim NY, Taylor JJ, Kim YW, Borsook D, Joutsa J, Li J, Quesada C, Peyron R, and Fox MD
- Subjects
- Humans, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation methods, Brain diagnostic imaging, Pain Measurement, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Connectome methods, Neuralgia, Nervous System Diseases
- Abstract
Objective: This study was undertaken to test whether lesions causing central poststroke pain (CPSP) are associated with a specific connectivity profile, whether these connections are associated with metabolic changes, and whether this network aligns with neuromodulation targets for pain., Methods: Two independent lesion datasets were utilized: (1) subcortical lesions from published case reports and (2) thalamic lesions with metabolic imaging using 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Functional connectivity between each lesion location and the rest of the brain was assessed using a normative connectome (n = 1,000), and connections specific to CPSP were identified. Metabolic changes specific to CPSP were also identified and related to differences in lesion connectivity. Therapeutic relevance of the network was explored by testing for alignment with existing brain stimulation data and by prospectively targeting the network with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in 7 patients with CPSP., Results: Lesion locations causing CPSP showed a specific pattern of brain connectivity that was consistent across two independent lesion datasets (spatial r = 0.82, p < 0.0001). Connectivity differences were correlated with postlesion metabolism (r = -0.48, p < 0.001). The topography of this lesion-based pain network aligned with variability in pain improvement across 12 prior neuromodulation targets and across 32 patients who received rTMS to primary motor cortex (p < 0.05). Prospectively targeting this network with rTMS improved CPSP in 6 of 7 patients., Interpretation: Lesions causing pain are connected to a specific brain network that shows metabolic abnormalities and promise as a neuromodulation target. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:834-845., (© 2022 American Neurological Association.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA vaccination.
- Author
-
Tang J, Zeng C, Cox TM, Li C, Son YM, Cheon IS, Wu Y, Behl S, Taylor JJ, Chakaraborty R, Johnson AJ, Shiavo DN, Utz JP, Reisenauer JS, Midthun DE, Mullon JJ, Edell ES, Alameh MG, Borish L, Teague WG, Kaplan MH, Weissman D, Kern R, Hu H, Vassallo R, Liu SL, and Sun J
- Subjects
- Humans, Immunity, Mucosal, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Antibodies, Viral, RNA, Messenger, COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccination, Respiratory System, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Viral Vaccines genetics, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces robust humoral and cellular immunity in the circulation; however, it is currently unknown whether it elicits effective immune responses in the respiratory tract, particularly against variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron. We compared the SARS-CoV-2 S-specific total and neutralizing antibody responses, and B and T cell immunity, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and blood of COVID-19-vaccinated individuals and hospitalized patients. Vaccinated individuals had significantly lower levels of neutralizing antibody against D614G, Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron BA.1.1 in the BAL compared with COVID-19 convalescents despite robust S-specific antibody responses in the blood. Furthermore, mRNA vaccination induced circulating S-specific B and T cell immunity, but in contrast to COVID-19 convalescents, these responses were absent in the BAL of vaccinated individuals. Using a mouse immunization model, we demonstrated that systemic mRNA vaccination alone induced weak respiratory mucosal neutralizing antibody responses, especially against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1.1 in mice; however, a combination of systemic mRNA vaccination plus mucosal adenovirus-S immunization induced strong neutralizing antibody responses not only against the ancestral virus but also the Omicron BA.1.1 variant. Together, our study supports the contention that the current COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective against severe disease development, likely through recruiting circulating B and T cell responses during reinfection, but offer limited protection against breakthrough infection, especially by the Omicron sublineage. Hence, mucosal booster vaccination is needed to establish robust sterilizing immunity in the respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2, including infection by the Omicron sublineage and future VOCs.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Author Correction: A human monoclonal antibody blocks malaria transmission and defines a highly conserved neutralizing epitope on gametes.
- Author
-
Coelho CH, Tang WK, Burkhardt M, Galson JD, Muratova O, Salinas ND, Alves E Silva TL, Reiter K, MacDonald NJ, Nguyen V, Herrera R, Shimp R, Narum DL, Byrne-Steele M, Pan W, Hou X, Brown B, Eisenhower M, Han J, Jenkins BJ, Doritchamou JYA, Smelkinson MG, Vega-Rodríguez J, Trück J, Taylor JJ, Sagara I, Healy SA, Renn JP, Tolia NH, and Duffy PE
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Discovery, validation, and diagnostic ability of multiple protein-based biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid to distinguish between health and periodontal diseases.
- Author
-
Grant MM, Taylor JJ, Jaedicke K, Creese A, Gowland C, Burke B, Doudin K, Patel U, Weston P, Milward M, Bissett SM, Cooper HJ, Kooijman G, Rmaile A, de Jager M, Preshaw PM, and Chapple ILC
- Subjects
- Biomarkers analysis, Gingival Crevicular Fluid chemistry, Humans, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 analysis, Pyruvate Kinase analysis, Saliva chemistry, Chronic Periodontitis metabolism, Gingivitis diagnosis, Gingivitis metabolism
- Abstract
Aim: To discover and validate differential protein biomarker expression in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to discriminate objectively between periodontal health and plaque-induced periodontal disease states., Materials and Methods: One-hundred and ninety participants were recruited from two centres (Birmingham and Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) comprising healthy, gingivitis, periodontitis, and edentulous donors. Samples from the Birmingham cohort were analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics for biomarker discovery. Shortlisted candidate proteins were then verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both cohorts. Leave-one-out cross validation logistic regression analysis was used to identify the best performing biomarker panels., Results: Ninety-five proteins were identified in both GCF and saliva samples, and 15 candidate proteins were selected based upon differences discovered between the donor groups. The best performing panels to distinguish between: health or gingivitis and periodontitis contained matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), S100A8, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1AGP), pyruvate kinase, and age (area under the curve [AUC] 0.970); health and gingivitis contained MMP9, S100A8, A1AGP, and pyruvate kinase, but not age (AUC 0.768); and mild to moderate and advanced periodontitis contained MMP9, S100A8, A1AGP, pyruvate kinase, and age (AUC 0.789)., Conclusions: Biomarker panels containing four proteins with and without age as a further parameter can distinguish between periodontal health and disease states., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Existing evidence on the impacts of within-field farmland management practices on the flux of greenhouse gases from arable cropland in temperate regions: a systematic map.
- Author
-
Collins AM, Haddaway NR, Thomas J, Randall NP, Taylor JJ, Berberi A, Reid JL, Andrews CR, and Cooke SJ
- Abstract
Background: Reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is vital for mitigating climate change and meeting commitments to international agreements such as the COP 21 Paris Agreement of 2015. Agriculture is reported to account for approximately 11 percent of total global GHG emissions such that: the agricultural sector has an important role to play in meeting climate change mitigation objectives. However, there is currently little consensus on how farm management and interventions, along with interactions with in-field variability, such as soil type, affect the production and assimilation of GHGs in arable crop lands. Practical recommendations for farmers are often vague or generalised, and models (e.g. on the amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied) are used despite limited understanding of the influence of local conditions, such as the importance of soil type. Here, we report the findings of a systematic map of the evidence relating to the impact on GHG flux from the in-field management of arable land in temperate regions., Methods: We searched for, collated and catalogued research relating to the effects of in-field arable farming practices in temperate systems on GHG emissions. Results from 6 bibliographic databases, a web-based search engine and organisational websites were combined with evidence from stakeholders. Duplicates were removed and the results were then screened for relevance at title and abstract, and full-text levels according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria (following consistency checking). Relevant studies were then coded and their meta-data extracted and used to populate a systematic map database describing each study's settings, methods and measured outcomes., Results: The mapping process identified 538 relevant studies from 351 articles. Nearly all of these (96%) were found from traditional research papers, with 42% from European countries and nearly half (203 studies) lasting for 12 months or less. Over half of all studies (55%) investigated multiple interventions with chemical fertiliser (n = 100), tillage (n = 70), and organic fertiliser (n = 30) the most frequently studied single intervention types. When combining individually studied and multiple interventions, the top three intervention types most frequently studied were: chemical fertiliser (n = 312); organic fertiliser (n = 176) and tillage (n = 158). Nitrous oxide was the most commonly studied outcome, with over double the number of studies compared to carbon dioxide, the next most studied outcome. Sandy loam and silty loam were the most commonly studied soils but there was a good distribution of studies across other types. However, studies predominately focused on humid sub-tropical (Cfa) and temperate oceanic (Cfb) climates, with hot summer Mediterranean (CSa) and warm summer Mediterranean (Csb) climate zones less represented., Conclusions: The mapping process identified clusters of research for chemical and organic fertiliser especially in relation to nitrous oxide emissions and for both carbon dioxide and nitrous dioxide in relation to tillage. Therefore, there is potential for further synthesis for these interventions. The spread of research across soil textures and in the humid sub-tropical and temperate oceanic climates may enable further synthesis to provide tailored in-field advice for farmers and provide an evidence base to inform subsidies policy. However, smaller amounts of research relating to biochar, cover crops, crop rotation, and nitrogen inhibitors highlight gaps where further research would be beneficial., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Ability of matrix metalloproteinase-8 biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA immunoassays to differentiate between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis.
- Author
-
Umeizudike KA, Lähteenmäki H, Räisänen IT, Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Bissett SM, Tervahartiala T, O Nwhator S, Pärnänen P, and Sorsa T
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Biomarkers analysis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Immunoassay, Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 analysis, Saliva chemistry, Biosensing Techniques, Gingivitis diagnosis, Periodontitis diagnosis
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of an MMP-8 biosensor assay in differentiating periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis and compare it with an established time-resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Background: Currently available antibody-based assays display a wide variability in their ability to accurately measure matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels in saliva., Methods: Salivary MMP-8 levels were analyzed in 189 systemically healthy participants using an antibody-based biosensor prototype that operates using a surface acoustic wave technology and compared with IFMA and ELISA antibody assays. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: periodontal health (59), gingivitis (63), and periodontitis (67). A sub-population of participants (n = 20) with periodontitis received periodontal treatment and were monitored for 6 months., Results: All the assays demonstrated significantly higher salivary MMP-8 concentrations in participants with periodontitis versus gingivitis, periodontitis versus health, and gingivitis versus health (all p < .05). The biosensor data demonstrated significant correlations with IFMA (r = .354, p < .001) and ELISA (r = .681, p < .001). Significant reductions in salivary MMP-8 concentrations were detected by the biosensor (p = .030) and IFMA (p = .002) in participants with periodontitis 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. IFMA had the best sensitivity (89.2%) for detecting periodontitis and gingivitis versus health and 96.6% for detecting periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. The biosensor had an AUC value of 0.81 and diagnostic accuracy of 74.2% for differentiating periodontitis and gingivitis from health; an AUC value of 0.86 and diagnostic accuracy of 82.8% for periodontitis versus health and gingivitis., Conclusions: The biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA assays differentiated between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis based on salivary MMP-8 levels. Only the biosensor and, particularly, IFMA identified an effect of periodontal treatment in the participants with periodontitis. Our findings support the potential utility of salivary oral fluid aMMP-8-based point-of-care technology in the future of periodontal diagnostics., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Periodontal Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. An updated review of cold shock and cold stress in fish.
- Author
-
Reid CH, Patrick PH, Rytwinski T, Taylor JJ, Willmore WG, Reesor B, and Cooke SJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cold Temperature, Temperature, Cold-Shock Response, Fishes
- Abstract
Temperature is critical in regulating virtually all biological functions in fish. Low temperature stress (cold shock/stress) is an often-overlooked challenge that many fish face as a result of both natural events and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we present an updated review of the cold shock literature based on a comprehensive literature search, following an initial review on the subject by M.R. Donaldson and colleagues, published in a 2008 volume of this journal. We focus on how knowledge on cold shock and fish has evolved over the past decade, describing advances in the understanding of the generalized stress response in fish under cold stress, what metrics may be used to quantify cold stress and what knowledge gaps remain to be addressed in future research. We also describe the relevance of cold shock as it pertains to environmental managers, policymakers and industry professionals, including practical applications of cold shock. Although substantial progress has been made in addressing some of the knowledge gaps identified a decade ago, other topics (e.g., population-level effects and interactions between primary, secondary and tertiary stress responses) have received little or no attention despite their significance to fish biology and thermal stress. Approaches using combinations of primary, secondary and tertiary stress responses are crucial as a research priority to better understand the mechanisms underlying cold shock responses, from short-term physiological changes to individual- and population-level effects, thereby providing researchers with better means of quantifying cold shock in laboratory and field settings., (© 2022 Fisheries Society of the British Isles.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Advanced training in interventional psychiatry.
- Author
-
Nikayin S, Taylor JJ, and Ostroff RB
- Subjects
- Fellowships and Scholarships, Humans, Internship and Residency, Psychiatry education
- Abstract
Interventional Psychiatry is an emerging subspecialty that treats patients with disorders resistant to routine measures by employing advanced treatment modalities and procedures that require expertise beyond the training provided in a general psychiatric residency. Interventional psychiatrists thus require advanced technical, psychiatric, and general medical training and expertise to be able to provide these treatments in a safe and effective manner. In this article, we will discuss our take on the definition of interventional psychiatry, review the modalities included in this field, and suggest training requirements for an interventional psychiatrist. We will also share our experience in providing advanced interventional psychiatry training as a chief residency or fellowship at the Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. How do changes in flow magnitude due to hydropower operations affect fish abundance and biomass in temperate regions? A systematic review.
- Author
-
Harper M, Rytwinski T, Taylor JJ, Bennett JR, Smokorowski KE, Olden JD, Clarke KD, Pratt T, Fisher N, Leake A, and Cooke SJ
- Abstract
Background: Altering the natural flow regime, an essential component of healthy fluvial systems, through hydropower operations has the potential to negatively impact freshwater fish populations. Establishing improved management of flow regimes requires better understanding of how fish respond to altered flow components, such as flow magnitude. Based on the results of a recent systematic map on the impacts of flow regime changes on direct outcomes of freshwater or estuarine fish productivity, evidence clusters on fish abundance and biomass responses were identified for full systematic review. The primary goal of this systematic review is to address one of those evidence clusters, with the following research question: how do changes in flow magnitude due to hydropower operations affect fish abundance and biomass?, Methods: This review follows the guidelines of the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence. It examined commercially published and grey literature originally identified during the systematic map process and a systematic search update. All articles were screened using an a priori eligibility criteria at two stages (title and abstract, and full-text) and consistency checks were performed at all stages. All eligible articles were assessed for study validity and specifically designed data extraction and study validity tools were used. A narrative synthesis included all available evidence and meta-analysis using the standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) was conducted where appropriate., Review Findings: A total of 133 studies from 103 articles were included in this systematic review for data extraction and critical appraisal. Most studies were from North America (60%) and were conducted at 146 different hydropower dams/facilities. Meta-analysis included 268 datasets from 58 studies, separated into three analyses based on replication type [temporal (within or between year replication) or spatial]. Fish abundance (226 datasets) and biomass (30 datasets) had variable responses to changes in flow magnitude with estimated overall mean effect sizes ranging from positive to negative and varying by study design and taxa. In studies with temporal replication, we found a detectable effect of alterations to the direction of flow magnitude, the presence of other flow components, sampling methods, season, and fish life stage. However, we found no detectable effect of these moderators for studies with spatial replication. Taxonomic analyses indicated variable responses to changes in flow magnitude and a bias towards salmonid species., Conclusions: This synthesis did not find consistent patterns in fish abundance or biomass responses to alterations or changes in flow magnitude. Fish responses to flow magnitude alterations or changes were highly variable and context dependent. Our synthesis suggests that biotic responses may not be generalizable across systems impacted by hydroelectric power production and operations, where specific features of the system may be highly influential. Site-specific and adaptive management may be necessary. To improve study validity and interpretability, studies with long-term continuous monitoring, and both temporal and spatial replication are needed. When this gold standard is unfeasible, studies should strive, at minimum, to maximize replication within both intervention and comparator groups for either temporal or spatial designs. To further address knowledge gaps, studies are needed that focus on non-salmonids, multiple seasons, and systems outside of North America., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum Antigen-Specific B Cells.
- Author
-
Hopp CS, Taylor JJ, and Crompton PD
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Protozoan, Antigens, Protozoan, B-Lymphocytes, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Protozoan Proteins, Malaria, Falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum
- Abstract
This protocol describes methods that exploit the specificity of binding between the B cell receptor and cognate antigen to detect and characterize Plasmodium-specific human B cells. Importantly, this approach allows for the isolation and study of B cells without activating the cells or requiring them to secrete antibodies. The protocol describes how antigen "probes" are generated and used in flow cytometry to identify and sort antigen-specific B cells, and includes methods for enrichment of antigen-specific B cells prior to flow cytometry. Finally, we detail techniques to optimize the exclusion of B cells that are not specific for the antigen of interest., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on social-ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map.
- Author
-
Haddaway NR, Smith A, Taylor JJ, Andrews C, Cooke SJ, Nilsson AE, and Lesser P
- Abstract
Background: Mining can directly and indirectly affect social and environmental systems in a range of positive and negative ways, and may result in societal benefits, but may also cause conflicts, not least in relation to land use. Mining always affects the environment, whilst remediation and mitigation efforts may effectively ameliorate some negative environmental impacts. Social and environmental systems in Arctic and boreal regions are particularly sensitive to impacts from development for numerous reasons, not least of which are the reliance of Indigenous peoples on subsistence livelihoods and long recovery times of fragile ecosystems. With growing metal demand, mining in the Arctic is expected to increase, demanding a better understand its social and environmental impacts. We report here the results of a systematic mapping of research evidence of the impacts of metal mining in Arctic and boreal regions., Methods: We searched multiple bibliographic databases and organisational websites for relevant research using tested search strategies. We also collected evidence from stakeholders and rightsholders identified in the wider 3MK project (Mapping the impacts of Mining using Multiple Knowledges, https://osf.io/cvh3u). We screened articles at three stages (title, abstract, and full text) according to a predetermined set of inclusion criteria, with consistency checks between reviewers at each level. We extracted data relating to causal linkages between actions or impacts and measured outcomes, along with descriptive information about the articles and studies. We have produced an interactive database along with interactive visualisations, and identify knowledge gaps and clusters using heat maps., Review Findings: Searches identified over 32,000 potentially relevant records, which resulted in a total of 585 articles being retained in the systematic map. This corresponded to 902 lines of data on impact or mitigation pathways. The evidence was relatively evenly spread across topics, but there was a bias towards research in Canada (35% of the evidence base). Research was focused on copper (23%), gold (18%), and zinc (16%) extraction as the top three minerals, and open pit mines were most commonly studied (33%). Research most commonly focused on operation stages, followed by abandonment and post-closure, with little evidence on early stages (prospecting, exploration, construction; 2%), expansion (0.2%), or decommissioning/closure (0.3%). Mitigation measures were not frequently studied (18% articles), with groundwater mitigation most frequently investigated (54% of mitigations), followed by soil quality (12%) and flora species groups (10%). Control-impact study designs were most common (68%) with reference sites as the most frequently used comparator (43%). Only 7 articles investigated social and environmental outcomes together. the most commonly reported system was biodiversity (39%), followed by water (34%), societies (20%), and soil/geology (6%), with air the least common (1%)., Conclusions: The evidence found highlights a suite of potential knowledge gaps, namely: on early stages prior to operation; effectiveness of mitigation measures; stronger causal inference study designs; migration and demography; cumulative impacts; and impacts on local and Indigenous communities. We also tentatively suggest subtopics where the number of studies could allow systematic reviews: operation, post-closure, and abandonment stages; individual faunal species, surface water quality, water sediment quality; and, groundwater mitigation measure effectiveness., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2022.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Coordinate Network Mapping: An Emerging Approach for Morphometric Meta-Analysis.
- Author
-
Taylor JJ, Siddiqi SH, and Fox MD
- Subjects
- Humans, Brain Mapping, Neuroimaging
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Immune signatures underlying post-acute COVID-19 lung sequelae.
- Author
-
Cheon IS, Li C, Son YM, Goplen NP, Wu Y, Cassmann T, Wang Z, Wei X, Tang J, Li Y, Marlow H, Hughes S, Hammel L, Cox TM, Goddery E, Ayasoufi K, Weiskopf D, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Dong H, Li H, Chakraborty R, Johnson AJ, Edell E, Taylor JJ, Kaplan MH, Sette A, Bartholmai BJ, Kern R, Vassallo R, and Sun J
- Subjects
- B-Lymphocytes pathology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, COVID-19 pathology, Female, Humans, Lung pathology, Lung virology, Male, Middle Aged, B-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, COVID-19 microbiology, Immunologic Memory, Lung immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology
- Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia survivors often exhibit long-term pulmonary sequelae, but the underlying mechanisms or associated local and systemic immune correlates are not known. Here, we have performed high-dimensional characterization of the pathophysiological and immune traits of aged COVID-19 convalescents, and correlated the local and systemic immune profiles with pulmonary function and lung imaging. We found that chronic lung impairment was accompanied by persistent respiratory immune alterations. We showed that functional severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific memory T and B cells were enriched at the site of infection compared with those of blood. Detailed evaluation of the lung immune compartment revealed that dysregulated respiratory CD8
+ T cell responses were associated with the impaired lung function after acute COVID-19. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identified the potential pathogenic subsets of respiratory CD8+ T cells contributing to persistent tissue conditions after COVID-19. Our results have revealed pathophysiological and immune traits that may support the development of lung sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in older individuals, with implications for the treatment of chronic COVID-19 symptoms.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Levels of myeloid-related proteins in saliva for screening and monitoring of periodontal disease.
- Author
-
Lira-Junior R, Bissett SM, Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ, and Boström EA
- Subjects
- Biomarkers, Humans, Saliva, Gingivitis, Periodontal Diseases, Periodontitis
- Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the salivary levels of myeloid-related markers in relation to periodontal disease and their potential screening capability, as well as the effects of periodontal treatment on these markers in periodontitis patients., Materials and Methods: Participants with a healthy periodontium (n = 60) and with gingivitis (n = 63) and periodontitis (n = 72) were recruited. Periodontitis patients received non-surgical treatment and were re-examined after 3 and 6 months. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after therapy for the periodontitis patients. Levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), interleukin-34 (IL-34), S100A8/A9, S100A12, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IL-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) were analysed by immunoassays., Results: CSF-1, S100A8/A9, S100A12, IL-1β, MMP-8, and HGF were significantly elevated in saliva from periodontitis and gingivitis patients in comparison to healthy individuals, whereas IL-34 was significantly lower in periodontitis compared to both healthy individuals and gingivitis patients. IL-34 increased significantly 3 months after treatment, while IL-1β and MMP-8 decreased 1 month after therapy. Additionally, periodontitis patients clustered in high and low levels of S100A8/A9, whereby those with high levels had more bleeding, deeper pockets, and higher S100A12., Conclusions: Salivary levels of myeloid-related markers are altered in periodontitis and are partially modulated by periodontal treatment. Measuring S100A8/A9 in saliva may identify distinct groups of periodontitis patients., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.