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1. Effect of preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel on schistosomiasis among school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: a spatiotemporal modelling study

Author

Kokaliaris, Christos, Garba, Amadou, Matuska, Martin, Bronzan, Rachel N, Colley, Daniel G, Dorkenoo, Ameyo M, Ekpo, Uwem F, Fleming, Fiona M, French, Michael D, Kabore, Achille, Mbonigaba, Jean B, Midzi, Nicholas, Mwinzi, Pauline N M, N'Goran, Eliézer K, Polo, Maria Rebollo, Sacko, Moussa, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Tukahebwa, Edridah M, Uvon, Pitchouna A, Yang, Guojing, Wiesner, Lisa, Zhang, Yaobi, Utzinger, Jürg, and Vounatsou, Penelope

Published
2022
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5. Questions et réponses pour Atelier 2023: La bilharziose génitale chez la femme (BGF)

Author

Krentel, Alison, Schuster, Angela, Garba Djirmay, Amadou, Preston, Ashley, Sahondra Randrianasolo, Bodo, Raharinivo, Mbolatiana, Umunnakwe, Cynthia, Fabienne Rasoamanamihaja, Clara, Engels, Dirk, Umbelino-Walker, Isis, Jacobson, Julie, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, and Vecchio, Nicole

Subjects
health competencies, sexual and reproductive health and rights, female genital schistosomiasis, women's health, neglected tropical diseases
Abstract

Questions et réponses pour Atelier 2023: La bilharziose génitale chez la femme (BGF) L'Atelier 2023 : La bilharziose génitale chez la femme (BGF) s'est déroulée en ligne du 4 au 19 mai 2023. L'atelier a été mené par Bridges to Development en partenariat avecLa Fondation Apprendre Genèveet avec le soutien du End Fund. Plus de 200 professionnels de la santé d'Afrique subsaharienne y ont participé. Ils ont été formés à pour améliorer leurs compétences au niveau, du diagnostic et du traitement de la BGF. Les questions présentées dans ce document ont été formulées par les participants à l'atelier. L'équipe d'experts en la matière qui a soutenu la formation a fourni les réponses. Il s'agit d'un document évolutif, qui fait l'objet de mises à jour et de révisions. Pour votre référence, lisez la version 1 élaborée le 19 mai 2023. Bridges to Development apporte une expertise sujet et des partenariats, avec une équipe qui a des décennies d'expérience en matière de collaborations internationales. Depuis 2021, Bridges travaille en partenariat avec la Fondation Apprendre Genève, utilisant "l'approche Scholar", un ensemble unique d'interventions recherchées, développées et mises en œuvre par la Fondation pour soutenir l'apprentissage par les pairs. Questions and answers for Workshop 2023: Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) Workshop 2023: Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) took place online from May 4 to 19, 2023. The workshop was conducted by Bridges to Development in partnership withThe Geneva Learning Foundationand with the support of the End Fund. Over 200 healthcare professionals from sub-Saharan Africa took part. They were trained to improve their skills in diagnosing and treating FGS.The questions presented in this document were formulated by workshop participants. The team of subject matter experts who supported the training provided the answers. This is a living document, subject to updates and revisions. For your reference, read version 1 developed on May 19, 2023. Bridges to Development brings subject matter expertise and partnerships with others around the world, reflected in a team that brings decades of experience with international collaborations. Since 2021, Bridges has worked in partnership with The Geneva Learning Foundation, using the “Scholar approach”, the unique package interventions researched, developed, and implemented by the Foundation to support peer learning.

Published
2023
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6. Protein undernutrition reduces the efficacy of praziquantel in a murine model of Schistosoma mansoni infection

Author

Kadji Fassi, Joseph Bertin, primary, Boukeng Jatsa, Hermine, additional, Membe Femoe, Ulrich, additional, Greigert, Valentin, additional, Brunet, Julie, additional, Cannet, Catherine, additional, Kenfack, Christian Mérimé, additional, Gipwe Feussom, Nestor, additional, Tienga Nkondo, Emilienne, additional, Abou-Bacar, Ahmed, additional, Pfaff, Alexander Wilhelm, additional, Kamgang, René, additional, Kamtchouing, Pierre, additional, and Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional

Published
2022
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9. Population genetic structure of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium from across six sub-Saharan African countries: Implications for epidemiology, evolution and control

Author

Gower, Charlotte M., Gouvras, Anouk N., Lamberton, Poppy H.L., Deol, Arminder, Shrivastava, Jaya, Mutombo, Polydor N., Mbuh, Judith V., Norton, Alice J., Webster, Bonnie L., Stothard, J. Russell, Garba, Amadou, Lamine, Mariama S., Kariuki, Curtis, Lange, Charles N., Mkoji, Gerald M., Kabatereine, Narcis B., Gabrielli, Albis F., Rudge, James W., Fenwick, Alan, Sacko, Moussa, Dembelé, Robert, Lwambo, Nicholas J.S., Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Rollinson, David, and Webster, Joanne P.

Published
2013
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10. DNA ‘barcoding’ of Schistosoma mansoni across sub-Saharan Africa supports substantial within locality diversity and geographical separation of genotypes

Author

Webster, Bonnie L., Webster, Joanne P., Gouvras, Anouk N., Garba, Amadou, Lamine, Mariama S., Diaw, Oumar T., Seye, Mohmoudane M., Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Simoonga, Christopher, Mubila, Likezo, Mwanga, Joseph R., Lwambo, Nicholas J.S., Kabatereine, Narcis B., Lange, Charles N., Kariuki, Curtis, Mkoji, Gerald M., Rollinson, David, and Stothard, J. Russell

Published
2013
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12. Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon

Author

Djuikwo Teukeng, Félicité Flore, Blin, Manon, Bech, Nicolas, Reguera Gomez, Marta, Zein-eddine, Rima, Kouam Simo, Alain Michel, Allienne, Jean-francois, Tchuem-tchuenté, Louis Albert, Boissier, Jérôme, Djuikwo Teukeng, Félicité Flore, Blin, Manon, Bech, Nicolas, Reguera Gomez, Marta, Zein-eddine, Rima, Kouam Simo, Alain Michel, Allienne, Jean-francois, Tchuem-tchuenté, Louis Albert, and Boissier, Jérôme

Abstract

Background Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) and S. bovis (Sb) have been found in several African countries as well as in Europe. Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown, this study aims to verify the presence of such hybrids in Cameroonian humans, to describe the structure of S. haematobium populations on a large geographic scale, and to examine the impact of these hybrids on genetic diversity and structure of these populations. Methods From January to April 2019, urine from infected children was collected in ten geographically distinct populations. Miracidia were collected from eggs in this urine. To detect the presence of hybrids among these miracidia we genotyped both Cox1 (RD-PCR) and ITS2 gene (PCR-RFLP). Population genetic diversity and structure was assessed by genotyping each miracidium with a panel of 14 microsatellite markers. Gene diversity was measured using both heterozygosity and allelic richness indexes, and genetic structure was analyzed using paired Fst, PCA and Bayesian approaches. Results Of the 1327 miracidia studied, 88.7% were identified as pure genotypes of S. haematobium (Sh_Sh/Sh) while the remaining 11.3% were hybrids (7.0% with Sh_Sh/Sb, 3.7% with Sb_Sb/Sh and 0.4% with Sb_Sh/Sb). No miracidium has been identified as a pure genotype of S. bovis. Allelic richness ranged from 5.55 (Loum population) to 7.73 (Matta-Barrage) and differed significantly between populations. Mean heterozygosity ranged from 53.7% (Loum) to 59% (Matta Barrage) with no significant difference. The overall genetic differentiation inferred either by a principal component analysis or by the Bayesian approach shows a partial structure. Southern populations (Loum and Matta Barrage) were clearly separated from other localities but genetic differentiation between northern localities was limited, certainly due to the geographic proximity between these sites. Conclusions Hybrids between S. haematobium and S. bovis were identified in 11.3% of

Published
2022
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13. Genome-wide insights into adaptive hybridisation across the Schistosoma haematobium group in West and Central Africa

Author

Landeryou, Toby, Rabone, M, Allan, F, Maddren, Rosie, Rollinson, D, Webster, BL, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Anderson, Roy M, Emery, AM, Landeryou, Toby, Rabone, M, Allan, F, Maddren, Rosie, Rollinson, D, Webster, BL, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Anderson, Roy M, and Emery, AM

Abstract

Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern across sub-Saharan Africa; current control programmes rely on accurate mapping and high mass drug administration (MDA) coverage to attempt disease elimination. Inter-species hybridisation can occur between certain species, changing epidemiological dynamics within endemic regions, which has the potential to confound control interventions. The impact of hybridisation on disease dynamics is well illustrated in areas of Cameroon where urogenital schistosomiasis, primarily due to Schistosoma haematobium and hybrid infections, now predominate over intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma guineensis. Genetic markers have shown the ability to identify hybrids, however the underlying genomic architecture of divergence and introgression between these species has yet to be established. In this study, restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used on archived adult worms initially identified as; Schistosoma bovis (n = 4), S. haematobium (n = 9), S. guineensis (n = 3) and S. guineensis x S. haematobium hybrids (n = 4) from Mali, Senegal, Niger, São Tomé and Cameroon. Genome-wide evidence supports the existence of S. guineensis and S. haematobium hybrid populations across Cameroon. The hybridisation of S. guineensis x S. haematobium has not been demonstrated on the island of São Tomé, where all samples showed no introgression with S. haematobium. Additionally, all S. haematobium isolates from Nigeria, Mali and Cameroon indicated signatures of genomic introgression from S. bovis. Adaptive loci across the S. haematobium group showed that voltage-gated calcium ion channels (Ca v) could play a key role in the ability to increase the survivability of species, particularly in host systems. Where admixture has occurred between S. guineensis and S. haematobium, the excess introgressive influx of tegumental (outer helminth body) and antigenic genes from S. haematobium has increased the adaptive response in hybrids, lead

Published
2022

15. Pathological and immunological evaluation of different regimens of praziquantel treatment in a mouse model of Schistosoma mansoni infection

Author

Membe Femoe, Ulrich, primary, Boukeng Jatsa, Hermine, additional, Greigert, Valentin, additional, Brunet, Julie, additional, Cannet, Catherine, additional, Kenfack, Mérimé Christian, additional, Gipwe Feussom, Nestor, additional, Kadji Fassi, Joseph Bertin, additional, Tienga Nkondo, Emilenne, additional, Abou-Bacar, Ahmed, additional, Pfaff, Alexander Wilhelm, additional, Dimo, Théophile, additional, Kamtchouing, Pierre, additional, and Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional

Published
2022
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16. Additional file 2 of Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon

Author

Teukeng, Félicité Flore Djuikwo, Blin, Manon, Bech, Nicolas, Gomez, Marta Reguera, Zein-Eddine, Rima, Simo, Alain Michel Kouam, Allienne, Jean-Francois, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis Albert, and Boissier, Jérôme

Subjects
human activities
Abstract

Additional file 2: Table S2. Genetic diversity parameters for each locus calculated for each population. Ar:allelic richness, He: expected heterozygosity, and Fis: fixation index.The Fis in bold are significantly different from Hardy Weinberg’s expectations (i.e., significantly different from 0; P

Published
2022
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17. Additional file 3 of Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon

Author

Teukeng, Félicité Flore Djuikwo, Blin, Manon, Bech, Nicolas, Gomez, Marta Reguera, Zein-Eddine, Rima, Simo, Alain Michel Kouam, Allienne, Jean-Francois, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis Albert, and Boissier, Jérôme

Abstract

Additional file 3: Figure S3. Plot of Structure [39] results for the genetic structureof the parasite populations (n = 1,327): (A) mean likelihood (with their variance over the 10 replicates) and (B) Delta K valueper number of simulated genetic clusters K (from 1 to 12). These figures were made using StructureHarvester software, version 0.6.1 [43].

Published
2022
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18. Additional file 1 of Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon

Author

Teukeng, Félicité Flore Djuikwo, Blin, Manon, Bech, Nicolas, Gomez, Marta Reguera, Zein-Eddine, Rima, Simo, Alain Michel Kouam, Allienne, Jean-Francois, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis Albert, and Boissier, Jérôme

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Gel revelation after PCR-RFLP of ITS2 gene. The PCR primers were Forward 5'GGCTGCACGTTAACCATTA-3' and reverse 5' ACACACACCATCGGTACAAA-3'. The amplified fragments were digested with the MboI enzyme. After digestion, the expected fragment are 44, 82 and 379 bp for S. haematobium; and fragment of 44, 82, 98 and 281 bp for S. bovis. Only bands higher than 100 pb are visible on gels b.

Published
2022
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19. Protein undernutrition reduces the efficacy of praziquantel in a murine model ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection

Author

Kadji Fassi, Joseph Bertin, primary, Boukeng Jatsa, Hermine, additional, Membe Femoe, Ulrich, additional, Greigert, Valentin, additional, Brunet, Julie, additional, Cannet, Catherine, additional, Kenfack, Christian Mérimé, additional, Gipwe Feussom, Nestor, additional, Tienga Nkondo, Emilienne, additional, Abou-Bacar, Ahmed, additional, Pfaff, Alexander Wilhelm, additional, Kamgang, René, additional, Kamtchouing, Pierre, additional, and Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional

Published
2022
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22. Estimating true prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni from population summary measures based on the Kato-Katz diagnostic technique

Author

Bärenbold, Oliver, primary, Garba, Amadou, additional, Colley, Daniel G., additional, Fleming, Fiona M., additional, Assaré, Rufin K., additional, Tukahebwa, Edridah M., additional, Kebede, Biruck, additional, Coulibaly, Jean T., additional, N’Goran, Eliézer K., additional, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Mwinzi, Pauline, additional, Utzinger, Jürg, additional, and Vounatsou, Penelope, additional

Published
2021
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23. Identifying thresholds for classifying moderate-to-heavy soil-transmitted helminth intensity infections for FECPAKG2, McMaster, Mini-FLOTAC and qPCR

Author

Levecke, Bruno, primary, Cools, Piet, additional, Albonico, Marco, additional, Ame, Shaali, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, Ayana, Mio, additional, Behnke, Jerzy M., additional, Bethony, Jeffrey M., additional, Cringoli, Giuseppe, additional, Dana, Daniel, additional, Guillard, Bertrand, additional, Viet Hoa, Nguyen Thi, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Kattula, Deepthi, additional, Keiser, Jennifer, additional, Kotze, Andrew C., additional, Matoso, Leonardo F., additional, Maurelli, Maria P., additional, McCarthy, James S., additional, Mekonnen, Zeleke, additional, Mirams, Greg, additional, Montresor, Antonio, additional, Oliveira, Rodrigo Corrêa, additional, Periago, Maria V., additional, Pinto, Simone A., additional, Rinaldi, Laura, additional, Sayasone, Somphou, additional, Sumo, Laurentine, additional, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Cam Thach, Dang Thi, additional, Thomas, Eurion, additional, Zeynudin, Ahmed, additional, Verweij, Jaco J., additional, Vlaminck, Johnny, additional, and Vercruysse, Jozef, additional

Published
2020
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24. Neglected Tropical Diseases as a ‘litmus test’ for Universal Health Coverage? Understanding who is left behind and why in Mass Drug Administration: Lessons from four country contexts

Author

Means, Arianna R., Dean, Laura, Ozano, Kim, Adekeye, Oluwatosin, Dixon, Ruth, Fung, Ebua Gallus, Gyapong, Margaret, Isiyaku, Sunday, Kollie, Karsor, Kukula, Vida, Lar, Luret, MacPherson, Eleanor, Makia, Christine, Kouokam Magne, Estelle, Nnamdi, Dum-Buo, Mue Nji, Theobald, Ntuen, Uduak, Oluwole, Akinola, Piotrowski, Helen, Siping, Marlene, Tchoffo, Marlene Ntsinda, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Thomson, Rachael, Tsey, Irene, Wanji, Samuel, Yashiyi, James, Zawolo, Georgina, and Theobald, Sally

Subjects
bf023de6, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, wc_680, wa_108, wa_240, f0e481db
Abstract

Individuals and communities affected by NTDs are often the poorest and most marginalised; ensuring a gender and equity lens is centre stage will be critical for the NTD community to reach elimination goals and inform Universal Health Coverage (UHC). NTDs amenable to preventive chemotherapy have been described as a ‘litmus test’ for UHC due to the high mass drug administration (MDA) coverage rates needed to be effective and their model of community engagement. However, until now highly aggregated coverage data may have\ud masked inequities in availability, accessibility and acceptability of medicines, slowing down the equitable achievement of elimination goals.

Published
2019

28. Neglected Tropical Diseases as a ‘litmus test’ for Universal Health Coverage? Understanding who is left behind and why in Mass Drug Administration: Lessons from four country contexts

Author

Dean, Laura, primary, Ozano, Kim, additional, Adekeye, Oluwatosin, additional, Dixon, Ruth, additional, Fung, Ebua Gallus, additional, Gyapong, Margaret, additional, Isiyaku, Sunday, additional, Kollie, Karsor, additional, Kukula, Vida, additional, Lar, Luret, additional, MacPherson, Eleanor, additional, Makia, Christine, additional, Kouokam Magne, Estelle, additional, Nnamdi, Dum-Buo, additional, Mue Nji, Theobald, additional, Ntuen, Uduak, additional, Oluwole, Akinola, additional, Piotrowski, Helen, additional, Siping, Marlene, additional, Tchoffo, Marlene Ntsinda, additional, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Thomson, Rachael, additional, Tsey, Irene, additional, Wanji, Samuel, additional, Yashiyi, James, additional, Zawolo, Georgina, additional, and Theobald, Sally, additional

Published
2019
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30. A pilot study using wearable global positioning system data loggers to compare water contact levels:Schistosoma haematobium infection in pre-school-age children (PSAC) and their mothers at Barombi Kotto, Cameroon

Author

Macklin, Grace, Stanton, Michelle C., Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Stothard, J. Russell, Macklin, Grace, Stanton, Michelle C., Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, and Stothard, J. Russell

Abstract

Background: Barombi Kotto, Cameroon serves as a reference location for assessing intervention strategies against Schistosoma haematobium. Methods: As part of a pilot study, the whole community was treated with praziquantel, inclusive of preschool- age children (PSAC) and their mothers. One year later, egg-patent infections were reassessed and water contact patterns of 12 pairs of PSAC and their mothers were measured with global positioning system (GPS) data loggers. Results: A substantial reduction in general infection prevalence, from 44.8% to 12.2%, was observed but certain PSAC and mothers continued to have egg-patent infections. Analysis of GPS data demonstrated similar water contact levels between the child and mother groups, although certain individuals were numerical outliers. Conclusions: This study shows the potential of GPS data loggers to clarify the at-risk status of PSAC and mothers. © 2018 The Author(s).

Published
2018

31. A pilot study using wearable global positioning system data loggers to compare water contact levels : Schistosoma haematobium infection in pre-school-age children (PSAC) and their mothers at Barombi Kotto, Cameroon

Author

Macklin, Grace, Stanton, Michelle C., Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Stothard, J. Russell, Macklin, Grace, Stanton, Michelle C., Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, and Stothard, J. Russell

Abstract

Background: Barombi Kotto, Cameroon serves as a reference location for assessing intervention strategies against Schistosoma haematobium. Methods: As part of a pilot study, the whole community was treated with praziquantel, inclusive of preschool- age children (PSAC) and their mothers. One year later, egg-patent infections were reassessed and water contact patterns of 12 pairs of PSAC and their mothers were measured with global positioning system (GPS) data loggers. Results: A substantial reduction in general infection prevalence, from 44.8% to 12.2%, was observed but certain PSAC and mothers continued to have egg-patent infections. Analysis of GPS data demonstrated similar water contact levels between the child and mother groups, although certain individuals were numerical outliers. Conclusions: This study shows the potential of GPS data loggers to clarify the at-risk status of PSAC and mothers. © 2018 The Author(s).

Published
2018

32. Translating preventive chemotherapy prevalence thresholds for Schistosoma mansoni from the Kato-Katz technique into the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen diagnostic test

Author

Bärenbold, Oliver, primary, Garba, Amadou, additional, Colley, Daniel G., additional, Fleming, Fiona M., additional, Haggag, Ayat A., additional, Ramzy, Reda M. R., additional, Assaré, Rufin K., additional, Tukahebwa, Edridah M., additional, Mbonigaba, Jean B., additional, Bucumi, Victor, additional, Kebede, Biruck, additional, Yibi, Makoy S., additional, Meité, Aboulaye, additional, Coulibaly, Jean T., additional, N’Goran, Eliézer K., additional, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Mwinzi, Pauline, additional, Utzinger, Jürg, additional, and Vounatsou, Penelope, additional

Published
2018
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36. Schistosomiasis in Africa: Improving strategies for long-term and sustainable morbidity control

Author

French, Michael D., primary, Evans, Darin, additional, Fleming, Fiona M., additional, Secor, W. Evan, additional, Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo, additional, Brooker, Simon J., additional, Bustinduy, Amaya, additional, Gouvras, Anouk, additional, Kabatereine, Narcis, additional, King, Charles H., additional, Rebollo Polo, Maria, additional, Reinhard-Rupp, Jutta, additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Utzinger, Jürg, additional, Waltz, Johannes, additional, and Zhang, Yaobi, additional

Published
2018
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37. Whole genome amplification and exome sequencing of archived schistosome miracidia

Author

Le Clec'h, Winka, primary, Chevalier, Frédéric D., additional, McDew-White, Marina, additional, Allan, Fiona, additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Gouvras, Anouk N., additional, Kinunghi, Safari, additional, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Garba, Amadou, additional, Mohammed, Khalfan A., additional, Ame, Shaali M., additional, Webster, Joanne P., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, and Anderson, Timothy J. C., additional

Published
2018
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39. Towards interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in sub-Saharan Africa:developing an appropriate environmental surveillance framework to guide and to support 'end game' interventions

Author

Stothard, J Russell, Campbell, Suzy J, Osei-Atweneboana, Mike Y, Durant, Timothy, Stanton, Michelle C, Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo, Rollinson, David, Ombede, Dieudonné R Eloundou, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Stothard, J Russell, Campbell, Suzy J, Osei-Atweneboana, Mike Y, Durant, Timothy, Stanton, Michelle C, Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo, Rollinson, David, Ombede, Dieudonné R Eloundou, and Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a waterborne parasitic disease in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly common in rural populations living in impoverished conditions. With the scale-up of preventive chemotherapy, national campaigns will transition from morbidity- to transmission-focused interventions thus formal investigation of actual or expected declines in environmental transmission is needed as 'end game' scenarios arise. Surprisingly, there are no international or national guidelines to do so in sub-Saharan Africa. Our article therefore provides an introduction to key practicalities and pitfalls in the development of an appropriate environmental surveillance framework. In this context, we discuss how strategies need to be adapted and tailored to the local level to better guide and support future interventions through this transition. As detection of egg-patent infection in people becomes rare, careful sampling of schistosome larvae in freshwater and in aquatic snails with robust species-specific DNA assays will be required. Appropriate metrics, derived from observed prevalence(s) as compared with predetermined thresholds, could each provide a clearer insight into contamination- and exposure-related dynamics. Application could be twofold, first to certify areas currently free from schistosomiasis transmission or second to red-flag recalcitrant locations where extra effort or alternative interventions are needed.

Published
2017

40. Molecular speciation of soil-transmitted helminths egg isolates collected during six drug efficacy trials in endemic countries

Author

George, Santosh, Geldhof, Peter, Albonico, Marco, Ame, Shaali M., Bethony, Jeffrey M., Engels, Dirk, Mekonnen, Zeleke, Montresor, Antonio, Sopheak, Hem, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Huong, Nguyen Thu, Kang, Gagandeep, Vercruysse, Jozef, and Levecke, Bruno

Subjects
Soil, Helminthiasis, Humans, Child, Article, Ovum
Abstract

The diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs; Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworms) is traditionally based on the demonstration of eggs in stool using microscopic techniques. While molecular techniques are more appropriate to speciate STH species they are seldom applied. In this study we speciated STH eggs from stool using molecular techniques to gain insights into the distribution of both human and animal STH species in the human host.We speciated 207 STH egg isolates from stool collected during the baseline survey of six drug efficacy trials conducted in Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Vietnam applying a PCR - restriction fragment length polymorphisms based approach.DNA of Ascaris was detected in 71 (34.3%) samples, of which all were identified as the human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. In 87 (42.0%) samples, DNA of Trichuris spp. was found and further speciation demonstrated the presence of the human Trichuris trichiura (100%) and the canine Trichuris vulpis (n=7; 8.0%; in Cameroon only). Hookworms were identified in 104 (50.2%) samples, with Necator americanus (n=73; 70.2%) being the predominant species followed by Ancylostoma duodenale (n=40; 38.5%).Our study indicates that STH infections in humans are predominantly caused by human STH species. They also suggest that zoonotic transmission occurs on a local scale.

Published
2016

41. Building a global schistosomiasis alliance: an opportunity to join forces to fight inequality and rural poverty

Author

Savioli, Lorenzo, primary, Albonico, Marco, additional, Colley, Daniel G., additional, Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo, additional, Fenwick, Alan, additional, Green, Will, additional, Kabatereine, Narcis, additional, Kabore, Achille, additional, Katz, Naftale, additional, Klohe, Katharina, additional, LoVerde, Philip T., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Stothard, J. Russell, additional, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Waltz, Johannes, additional, and Zhou, Xiao-Nong, additional

Published
2017
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42. Urogenital schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in Cameroon: An epidemiological update at Barombi Mbo and Barombi Kotto crater lakes assessing prospects for intensified control interventions

Author

Campbell, Suzy J., primary, Stothard, J. Russell, additional, O’Halloran, Faye, additional, Sankey, Deborah, additional, Durant, Timothy, additional, Ombede, Dieudonné Eloundou, additional, Chuinteu, Gwladys Djomkam, additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Cunningham, Lucas, additional, LaCourse, E. James, additional, and Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional

Published
2017
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44. The molecular speciation of soil-transmitted helminth eggs collected from school children across six endemic countries

Author

George, Santosh, primary, Geldhof, Peter, additional, Albonico, Marco, additional, Ame, Shaali M., additional, Bethony, Jeffrey M., additional, Engels, Dirk, additional, Mekonnen, Zeleke, additional, Montresor, Antonio, additional, Hem, Sopheak, additional, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Huong, Nguyen Thu, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Vercruysse, Jozef, additional, and Levecke, Bruno, additional

Published
2017
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45. Towards interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: developing an appropriate environmental surveillance framework to guide and to support ‘end game’ interventions

Author

Stothard, J. Russell, primary, Campbell, Suzy J., additional, Osei-Atweneboana, Mike Y., additional, Durant, Timothy, additional, Stanton, Michelle C., additional, Biritwum, Nana-Kwadwo, additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Ombede, Dieudonné R. Eloundou, additional, and Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional

Published
2017
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48. Assessment of Anthelmintic Efficacy of Mebendazole in School Children in Six Countries Where Soil-Transmitted Helminths Are Endemic

Author

Levecke, Bruno, primary, Montresor, Antonio, additional, Albonico, Marco, additional, Ame, Shaali M., additional, Behnke, Jerzy M., additional, Bethony, Jeffrey M., additional, Noumedem, Calvine D., additional, Engels, Dirk, additional, Guillard, Bertrand, additional, Kotze, Andrew C., additional, Krolewiecki, Alejandro J., additional, McCarthy, James S., additional, Mekonnen, Zeleke, additional, Periago, Maria V., additional, Sopheak, Hem, additional, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Duong, Tran Thanh, additional, Huong, Nguyen Thu, additional, Zeynudin, Ahmed, additional, and Vercruysse, Jozef, additional

Published
2014
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49. Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in West and Central Africa: unresolved questions.

Author

Stothard, J. Russell, Webster, Bonnie L., Cumberlidge, Neil, Rollinson, David, Vercruysse, Jozef, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Webster, Bonnie, and Clark, Paul F.

Subjects
PARAGONIMUS, PARAGONIMIASIS, TROPICAL medicine, TUBERCULOSIS treatment, INFECTIOUS disease transmission
Abstract

Paragonimiasis, human lung fluke disease, is a foodborne anthropozoonosis caused by the trematodes assigned to Paragonimus and is regarded by the World Health Organization as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). The life cycle of this medically important parasite centres on a complex freshwater biological community that includes two intermediate hosts: a mollusc and a decapod, usually a brachyuran. Although there is a perception that the biology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Paragonimus is well understood, in reality, this is not the case, especially in Africa. Much remains unknown concerning the life-cycle of the parasite, its transmission, the current epidemiology of the disease, diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment. Furthermore, cases of paragonimiasis may be misdiagnosed as resistant tuberculosis (TB) because of the similar pulmonary symptoms and no remission after anti TB therapy. The endemic foci of human paragonimiasis in Africa have been reported mainly in the forest zones of Upper Guinea (Liberia, Guinea and Ivory Coast) and Lower Guinea (Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon). Despite the perceived medical importance of paragonimiasis, relatively little attention has been paid to this NTD since its discovery in Africa in the 1960s. This review focuses on the current understanding of the life cycle and transmission of Paragonimus in Africa, discusses its diagnosis and public health importance and highlights many outstanding gaps in the knowledge that still exist for this NTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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50. Whole genome amplification and exome sequencing of archived schistosome miracidia.

Author

Stothard, J. Russell, Webster, Bonnie L., Le Clec'h, Winka, Chevalier, Frédéric D., McDew-White, Marina, Allan, Fiona, Gouvras, Anouk N., Kinunghi, Safari, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Garba, Amadou, Mohammed, Khalfan A., Ame, Shaali M., Webster, Joanne P., Rollinson, David, Emery, Aidan M., and Anderson, Timothy J. C.

Subjects
SCHISTOSOMA, GENE amplification, EXOMES, NUCLEOTIDE sequencing, METAGENOMICS
Abstract

Adult schistosomes live in the blood vessels and cannot easily be sampled from humans, so archived miracidia larvae hatched from eggs expelled in feces or urine are commonly used for population genetic studies. Large collections of archived miracidia on FTA cards are now available through the S chistosomiasis C ollection a t the N atural History Museum (SCAN). Here we describe protocols for whole genome amplification of Schistosoma mansoni and S chistosome haematobium miracidia from these cards, as well as real time PCR quantification of amplified schistosome DNA. We used microgram quantities of DNA obtained for exome capture and sequencing of single miracidia, generating dense polymorphism data across the exome. These methods will facilitate the transition from population genetics, using limited numbers of markers to population genomics using genome-wide marker information, maximising the value of collections such as SCAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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