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The ability of probiotics to inhibit Candida adhesion is a crucial characteristic that prevents Candida colonization and infection progression. This study aimed to explore aggregation, adhesion, and cell surface characterization of probiotic and Candida strains and to evaluate the effect of probiotics and their cell-free supernatants (CFSs) as postbiotics on Candida adhesion to human oral keratinocytes. Eight probiotic strains and five reference Candida strains were tested for autoaggregation, coaggregation, adhesin on human oral keratinocytes (H357), and cell surface properties. The anti- Candida adhesion activities of probiotic strains and CFSs were investigated. The results showed that most probiotics exhibited high adhesion to H357 cells, specifically oral probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD4, Limosilactobacillus fermentum SD7, and L. rhamnosus SD11, and adhesion ability of probiotic strains was strongly related to their autoaggregation, cell surface charges, and hydrophobicity. Candida strains also revealed a high level of adhesion to H357 cells. Candida albicans and C andida glabrata showed significantly higher adhesion abilities than others. After a combination of Candida with probiotics or their CFSs, Candida adhesion was significantly reduced. The anti- Candida adhesion property of probiotics was strongly related to their autoaggregation, coaggregation, and adhesion abilities. This study demonstrated that oral probiotic strains may be useful probiotics for preventing and treating oral candidiasis due to their high ability of aggregation, adhesion, and anti- Candida adhesion to H357 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of short‐term lozenges containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD11 on cariogenic pathogens and on oral microbiota. Materials and Methods: This double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial included 121 subjects and was randomly divided into the control and probiotic group. All subjects were blindly administered to receive the control‐ or probiotic L. rhamnosus SD11 lozenges every day for 4 weeks and then followed up for another 4 weeks. Results: After probiotic consumption, the probiotic group had significantly lower levels of Streptococcus mutans and significantly higher levels of total lactobacilli at 4 and 8 weeks compared with the baseline. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed an increase in bacterial diversity and beneficial bacteria in the Firmicutes phylum, Bacilli class, and a reduction in the mutans streptococci group in the probiotic group. The opposite results were found in the control group. This study did not find any caries increment, nor did the subjects have any side effects after product consumption. Conclusion: With the limitation of a short‐time study in low caries children, it showed that L. rhamnosus SD11 could increase beneficial bacteria in the Firmicutes phylum and Bacilli class that might support good oral health in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to characterize the anti-cancer properties of potential probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SD1, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD4, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD11, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG) and their cell-free supernatants (CFS) for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC), which including anti-bacterial and anti-inflammation activities against pathogens associated with CRC (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, ETEC, and Salmonella enterica). The expression of human β-defensin (2–4) and IL-10 after being stimulated with probiotics was also examined. In addition, anti-cancer activity of CFS and probiotic growth under intestinal conditions were determined. An in vitro study was conducted in the Caco-2 and HIEC-6 cells. Results showed that probiotic cells and their CFS displayed different antibacterial activity, and L. rhamnosus SD11 showed the strongest inhibition of the growth of pathogens. Additionally, both probiotic cell walls and their CFS suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines after being stimulated with pathogens in Caco-2 and HIEC-6 cells. L. paracasei SD1 and L. rhamnosus SD11 showed significantly higher suppression levels than others and also both strains can stimulate highly expression of hBD (2–4) and IL-10. The CFS of L. paracasei SD1 and L. rhamnosus SD11 inhibited significantly high growth of Caco-2 cells but not much in HIEC-6 cells. Furthermore, all probiotics adhered to Caco-2 and HIEC-6 cells, and L. rhamnosus SD4 showed the highest adhesion to both cells. They could survive more than 70% in intestinal conditions. In conclusion, results indicate that potential probiotics tested exhibited various anti-cancer properties, which may be good candidates used as biotherapy for the prevention or to delay the progression of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacillus rhamnosus SD11 is a probiotic derived from the human oral cavity and has potential being used for dental prophylaxis. The cell free supernatant (CFS) of L. rhamnosus SD11 has good antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to incorporate CFS of the probiotic into thermoresponsive copolymers to create a sol–gel formulation. The sol–gel formulation was developed using Poloxamer 407 as the main polymer, which was mixed with natural polymers such as gellan gum, sodium alginate, and xyloglucan in different proportions. The sol–gel formulations were characterized based on their physicochemical parameters such as appearance, pH, viscosity, flow-ability in low temperature, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. An in vitro release study was performed using Franz's diffusion cell and the stability was determined under freeze-thaw cycle conditions. The combination of 15% w/v of poloxamer 407 with 0.5% w/v of sodium alginate was the best sol–gel formulation to deliver the CFS of the probiotic. This study was successful in creating a sol–gel formulation using a thermoresponsive copolymer, that could efficiently deliver CFS of the probiotic L. rhamnosus SD11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]