24 results on '"Tear, Morgan J."'
Search Results
2. Safety culture and power: Interactions between perceptions of safety culture, organisational hierarchy, and national culture
- Author
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Tear, Morgan J., Reader, Tom W., Shorrock, Steven, and Kirwan, Barry
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Understanding and Changing Community Attitudes Toward Vulnerable Families
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Borg, Kim, primary, Faulkner, Nicholas, additional, Slattery, Peter, additional, and Tear, Morgan J., additional
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
4. Stressful life transitions and wellbeing: A comparison of the stress buffering hypothesis and the social identity model of identity change
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Praharso, Nurul F., Tear, Morgan J., and Cruwys, Tegan
- Published
- 2017
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5. Understanding and Changing Community Attitudes Toward Vulnerable Families: A Review of Literature and Practice.
- Author
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Borg, Kim, Faulkner, Nicholas, Slattery, Peter, and Tear, Morgan J.
- Abstract
Communities can play an important role in protecting children and supporting vulnerable families. However, there is currently a lack of understanding of what communities actually think and do regarding these groups. The purpose of this study was to review and synthesize evidence on community attitudes and behaviors toward vulnerable families. A rapid systematic literature review was conducted, supplemented by 6 semistructured interviews with expenenced practitioners. Four databases were searched using key words related to community attitudes and behaviors, parents and families, and family and child protection services. Database searches returned 10135 unique records, of which 23 met the inclusion criteria. The identified articles investigated a range of attitudes and behaviors, including reporting abuse and neglect; assisting victims of intimate partner violence; attitudes toward parenting practices; and participating in activities that build social support and social capital. Correlates of these attitudes and behaviors included sociodemographic characteristics, individual differences, community characteristics, and incident characteristics. A number of interventions to change community attitudes and behaviors were also identified. Practitioners indicated that success factors for interventions Included facilitating active participation from community members; using multifaceted approaches; and increasing empathy toward vulnerable families. Despite increasing evidence around how community members think and act toward vulnerable families, more (particularly review-level) research is needed to determine how to effectively change these attitudes and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Measuring risk culture in finance: Development of a comprehensive measure
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Ghafoori, Eraj, primary, Mata, Fernanda, additional, Lauren, Nita, additional, Faulkner, Nick, additional, and Tear, Morgan J., additional
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
7. Multisensory integration with a head-mounted display: role of mental and manual load
- Author
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Thompson, Matthew B., Tear, Morgan J., and Sanderson, Penelope M.
- Subjects
Virtual reality device ,Human-computer interaction -- Research - Published
- 2010
8. Klein_Open_Practices_Disclosure – Supplemental material for Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings
- Author
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Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Mayowa T. Babalola, Štěpán Bahník, Rishtee Batra, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Evans Dami Binan, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Huajian Cai, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Jen-Ho Chang, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Winnee Cheong, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Fiery Cushman, Zubairu K. Dagona, Ilker Dalgar, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Davis, William E., Bruijn, Maaike De, Schutter, Leander De, Devos, Thierry, Vries, Marieke De, Canay Doğulu, Nerisa Dozo, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Yarrow Dunham, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Miguel-Ángel Freyre, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Tanuka Ghoshal, Giessner, Steffen R., Tripat Gill, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G. T., Kakul Hai, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, IJzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, Melissa-Sue John, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Nikolette P. Lipsey, Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Winfrida Malingumu, Mallett, Robyn K., Satia A. Marotta, Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Taciano L. Milfont, Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’Donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Malgorzata Osowiecka, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C. H. J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Manini Srivastava, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N. H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C. W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Aert, Robbie C. M. Van, Assen, Marcel A. L. M. Van, Hulst, Marije Van Der, Lange, Paul A. M. Van, Anna Elisabeth Van ’T Veer, Echeverría, Alejandro Vásquez, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified ,110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy) - Abstract
Supplemental material, Klein_Open_Practices_Disclosure for Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings by Richard A. Klein, Michelangelo Vianello, Fred Hasselman, Byron G. Adams, Reginald B. Adams, Sinan Alper, Mark Aveyard, Jordan R. Axt, Mayowa T. Babalola, Štěpán Bahník, Rishtee Batra, Mihály Berkics, Michael J. Bernstein, Daniel R. Berry, Olga Bialobrzeska, Evans Dami Binan, Konrad Bocian, Mark J. Brandt, Robert Busching, Anna Cabak Rédei, Huajian Cai, Fanny Cambier, Katarzyna Cantarero, Cheryl L. Carmichael, Francisco Ceric, Jesse Chandler, Jen-Ho Chang, Armand Chatard, Eva E. Chen, Winnee Cheong, David C. Cicero, Sharon Coen, Jennifer A. Coleman, Brian Collisson, Morgan A. Conway, Katherine S. Corker, Paul G. Curran, Fiery Cushman, Zubairu K. Dagona, Ilker Dalgar, Anna Dalla Rosa, William E. Davis, Maaike de Bruijn, Leander De Schutter, Thierry Devos, Marieke de Vries, Canay Doğulu, Nerisa Dozo, Kristin Nicole Dukes, Yarrow Dunham, Kevin Durrheim, Charles R. Ebersole, John E. Edlund, Anja Eller, Alexander Scott English, Carolyn Finck, Natalia Frankowska, Miguel-Ángel Freyre, Mike Friedman, Elisa Maria Galliani, Joshua C. Gandi, Tanuka Ghoshal, Steffen R. Giessner, Tripat Gill, Timo Gnambs, Ángel Gómez, Roberto González, Jesse Graham, Jon E. Grahe, Ivan Grahek, Eva G. T. Green, Kakul Hai, Matthew Haigh, Elizabeth L. Haines, Michael P. Hall, Marie E. Heffernan, Joshua A. Hicks, Petr Houdek, Jeffrey R. Huntsinger, Ho Phi Huynh, Hans IJzerman, Yoel Inbar, Åse H. Innes-Ker, William Jiménez-Leal, Melissa-Sue John, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Roza G. Kamiloğlu, Heather Barry Kappes, Serdar Karabati, Haruna Karick, Victor N. Keller, Anna Kende, Nicolas Kervyn, Goran Knežević, Carrie Kovacs, Lacy E. Krueger, German Kurapov, Jamie Kurtz, Daniël Lakens, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Carmel A. Levitan, Neil A. Lewis, Samuel Lins, Nikolette P. Lipsey, Joy E. Losee, Esther Maassen, Angela T. Maitner, Winfrida Malingumu, Robyn K. Mallett, Satia A. Marotta, Janko Međedović, Fernando Mena-Pacheco, Taciano L. Milfont, Wendy L. Morris, Sean C. Murphy, Andriy Myachykov, Nick Neave, Koen Neijenhuijs, Anthony J. Nelson, Félix Neto, Austin Lee Nichols, Aaron Ocampo, Susan L. O’Donnell, Haruka Oikawa, Masanori Oikawa, Elsie Ong, Gábor Orosz, Malgorzata Osowiecka, Grant Packard, Rolando Pérez-Sánchez, Boban Petrović, Ronaldo Pilati, Brad Pinter, Lysandra Podesta, Gabrielle Pogge, Monique M. H. Pollmann, Abraham M. Rutchick, Patricio Saavedra, Alexander K. Saeri, Erika Salomon, Kathleen Schmidt, Felix D. Schönbrodt, Maciej B. Sekerdej, David Sirlopú, Jeanine L. M. Skorinko, Michael A. Smith, Vanessa Smith-Castro, Karin C. H. J. Smolders, Agata Sobkow, Walter Sowden, Philipp Spachtholz, Manini Srivastava, Troy G. Steiner, Jeroen Stouten, Chris N. H. Street, Oskar K. Sundfelt, Stephanie Szeto, Ewa Szumowska, Andrew C. W. Tang, Norbert Tanzer, Morgan J. Tear, Jordan Theriault, Manuela Thomae, David Torres, Jakub Traczyk, Joshua M. Tybur, Adrienn Ujhelyi, Robbie C. M. van Aert, Marcel A. L. M. van Assen, Marije van der Hulst, Paul A. M. van Lange, Anna Elisabeth van ’t Veer, Alejandro Vásquez- Echeverría, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Alexandra Vázquez, Luis Diego Vega, Catherine Verniers, Mark Verschoor, Ingrid P. J. Voermans, Marek A. Vranka, Cheryl Welch, Aaron L. Wichman, Lisa A. Williams, Michael Wood, Julie A. Woodzicka, Marta K. Wronska, Liane Young, John M. Zelenski, Zeng Zhijia and Brian A. Nosek in Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings
- Author
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Klein, Richard A., primary, Vianello, Michelangelo, additional, Hasselman, Fred, additional, Adams, Byron G., additional, Adams, Reginald B., additional, Alper, Sinan, additional, Aveyard, Mark, additional, Axt, Jordan R., additional, Babalola, Mayowa T., additional, Bahník, Štěpán, additional, Batra, Rishtee, additional, Berkics, Mihály, additional, Bernstein, Michael J., additional, Berry, Daniel R., additional, Bialobrzeska, Olga, additional, Binan, Evans Dami, additional, Bocian, Konrad, additional, Brandt, Mark J., additional, Busching, Robert, additional, Rédei, Anna Cabak, additional, Cai, Huajian, additional, Cambier, Fanny, additional, Cantarero, Katarzyna, additional, Carmichael, Cheryl L., additional, Ceric, Francisco, additional, Chandler, Jesse, additional, Chang, Jen-Ho, additional, Chatard, Armand, additional, Chen, Eva E., additional, Cheong, Winnee, additional, Cicero, David C., additional, Coen, Sharon, additional, Coleman, Jennifer A., additional, Collisson, Brian, additional, Conway, Morgan A., additional, Corker, Katherine S., additional, Curran, Paul G., additional, Cushman, Fiery, additional, Dagona, Zubairu K., additional, Dalgar, Ilker, additional, Dalla Rosa, Anna, additional, Davis, William E., additional, de Bruijn, Maaike, additional, De Schutter, Leander, additional, Devos, Thierry, additional, de Vries, Marieke, additional, Doğulu, Canay, additional, Dozo, Nerisa, additional, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, additional, Dunham, Yarrow, additional, Durrheim, Kevin, additional, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, Edlund, John E., additional, Eller, Anja, additional, English, Alexander Scott, additional, Finck, Carolyn, additional, Frankowska, Natalia, additional, Freyre, Miguel-Ángel, additional, Friedman, Mike, additional, Galliani, Elisa Maria, additional, Gandi, Joshua C., additional, Ghoshal, Tanuka, additional, Giessner, Steffen R., additional, Gill, Tripat, additional, Gnambs, Timo, additional, Gómez, Ángel, additional, González, Roberto, additional, Graham, Jesse, additional, Grahe, Jon E., additional, Grahek, Ivan, additional, Green, Eva G. T., additional, Hai, Kakul, additional, Haigh, Matthew, additional, Haines, Elizabeth L., additional, Hall, Michael P., additional, Heffernan, Marie E., additional, Hicks, Joshua A., additional, Houdek, Petr, additional, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., additional, Huynh, Ho Phi, additional, IJzerman, Hans, additional, Inbar, Yoel, additional, Innes-Ker, Åse H., additional, Jiménez-Leal, William, additional, John, Melissa-Sue, additional, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., additional, Kamiloğlu, Roza G., additional, Kappes, Heather Barry, additional, Karabati, Serdar, additional, Karick, Haruna, additional, Keller, Victor N., additional, Kende, Anna, additional, Kervyn, Nicolas, additional, Knežević, Goran, additional, Kovacs, Carrie, additional, Krueger, Lacy E., additional, Kurapov, German, additional, Kurtz, Jamie, additional, Lakens, Daniël, additional, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., additional, Levitan, Carmel A., additional, Lewis, Neil A., additional, Lins, Samuel, additional, Lipsey, Nikolette P., additional, Losee, Joy E., additional, Maassen, Esther, additional, Maitner, Angela T., additional, Malingumu, Winfrida, additional, Mallett, Robyn K., additional, Marotta, Satia A., additional, Međedović, Janko, additional, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, additional, Milfont, Taciano L., additional, Morris, Wendy L., additional, Murphy, Sean C., additional, Myachykov, Andriy, additional, Neave, Nick, additional, Neijenhuijs, Koen, additional, Nelson, Anthony J., additional, Neto, Félix, additional, Lee Nichols, Austin, additional, Ocampo, Aaron, additional, O’Donnell, Susan L., additional, Oikawa, Haruka, additional, Oikawa, Masanori, additional, Ong, Elsie, additional, Orosz, Gábor, additional, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, additional, Packard, Grant, additional, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, additional, Petrović, Boban, additional, Pilati, Ronaldo, additional, Pinter, Brad, additional, Podesta, Lysandra, additional, Pogge, Gabrielle, additional, Pollmann, Monique M. H., additional, Rutchick, Abraham M., additional, Saavedra, Patricio, additional, Saeri, Alexander K., additional, Salomon, Erika, additional, Schmidt, Kathleen, additional, Schönbrodt, Felix D., additional, Sekerdej, Maciej B., additional, Sirlopú, David, additional, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., additional, Smith, Michael A., additional, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, additional, Smolders, Karin C. H. J., additional, Sobkow, Agata, additional, Sowden, Walter, additional, Spachtholz, Philipp, additional, Srivastava, Manini, additional, Steiner, Troy G., additional, Stouten, Jeroen, additional, Street, Chris N. H., additional, Sundfelt, Oskar K., additional, Szeto, Stephanie, additional, Szumowska, Ewa, additional, Tang, Andrew C. W., additional, Tanzer, Norbert, additional, Tear, Morgan J., additional, Theriault, Jordan, additional, Thomae, Manuela, additional, Torres, David, additional, Traczyk, Jakub, additional, Tybur, Joshua M., additional, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, additional, van Aert, Robbie C. M., additional, van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., additional, van der Hulst, Marije, additional, van Lange, Paul A. M., additional, van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, additional, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, additional, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, additional, Vázquez, Alexandra, additional, Vega, Luis Diego, additional, Verniers, Catherine, additional, Verschoor, Mark, additional, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., additional, Vranka, Marek A., additional, Welch, Cheryl, additional, Wichman, Aaron L., additional, Williams, Lisa A., additional, Wood, Michael, additional, Woodzicka, Julie A., additional, Wronska, Marta K., additional, Young, Liane, additional, Zelenski, John M., additional, Zhijia, Zeng, additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings
- Author
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Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
- Abstract
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relati
- Published
- 2018
11. Many labs 2:Investigating variation in replicability across samples and settings
- Author
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Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
- Abstract
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p <.05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p <.0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than.20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above.10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relative
- Published
- 2018
12. Divergent perceptions of safety culture between occupational groups
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Tear, Morgan J., primary, Reader, Tom W., additional, Shorrock, Steven, additional, and Kirwan, Barry, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The importance of ground truth: an open source biometric repository
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Tear, Morgan J., Thompson, Matthew B., and Tangen, Jason M.
- Subjects
H Social Sciences (General) - Abstract
Advances in forensic technologies and procedures seek to produce better and more efficient policing for safer societies. Little is understood, however, about how effectively the human forensic professional employs such technologies, or the cognitive and perceptual processes of judgment and decision making the forensic professional engages in during the course of evidence evaluation. For this, experimenters need materials that approximate the realism of crime scene evidence, while ensuring the ground truth about the source of this information. These two goals are often incompatible. We discuss the development of an open-source biometric repository to address the issue of ground truth. This repository contains a range of crime related materials such as fingerprints and palm-prints, shoe-prints, faces, handwriting, voices, and irises. Our goal is to provide a large, open-source repository of forensic information, where certainty of the source in built into the system, to help advance research on identification by humans and technology.
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- 2010
14. Video games and prosocial behavior: A study of the effects of non-violent, violent and ultra-violent gameplay
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Tear, Morgan J., primary and Nielsen, Mark, additional
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Further failures to demonstrate violent video game effects: Extending tear and nielsen (2013)
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Tear, Morgan J., primary and Nielsen, Mark, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Failure to Demonstrate That Playing Violent Video Games Diminishes Prosocial Behavior
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Tear, Morgan J., primary and Nielsen, Mark, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The Importance of Ground Truth: An Open-Source Biometric Repository
- Author
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Tear, Morgan J., primary, Thompson, Matthew B., additional, and Tangen, Jason M., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Head-mounted displays and multisensory integration: Replications and challenges
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Tear, Morgan J., primary, Harrison, William J., additional, Thompson, Matthew B., additional, and Sanderson, Penelope M., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Understanding safety culture and safety citizenship through the lens of social identity theory
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Tear, Morgan J. and Tear, Morgan J.
- Abstract
There is considerable overlap between the concepts of culture and social identity. Here, in the context of organisational safety culture, we investigate the extent to which social identity processes can inform our understanding of organisational culture on safety citizenship behaviour. We test this relationship via two different social identity processes: (1) individuals’ organisational identity (a classically individual-level conceptualisation of social identity); and (2) individuals’ perceptions of others’ organisational identities (meta-identity; a social identity framing of culture). Safety culture survey data from 1,427 air traffic workers were analyses using a simple holdout cross-validation approach for model testing. We find that both identity processes mediate the link between safety culture and safety behaviour. The data also demonstrate that the strength of indirect effect of safety culture on safety citizenship via meta-identity is stronger with increasing levels of organisational identity. Moving forward, safety culture research and interventions may benefit from taking a social identity lens to understanding their culture (e.g. developing identity for safety and safe practice), which has implications for safety behaviour. Consideration of meta-identity has implications for behaviour change initiatives, as individuals who perceive strong group commitment in other group members may be more influenced by interventions that leverage group norms.
20. Safety culture and power: interactions between perceptions of safety culture, organisational hierarchy, and national culture
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Tear, Morgan J., Reader, Tom W., Shorrock, Steven, Kirwan, Barry, Tear, Morgan J., Reader, Tom W., Shorrock, Steven, and Kirwan, Barry
- Abstract
Practices that involve power dynamics are integral to maintaining organisational safety (e.g. speaking-up, challenging poor behaviour, admitting error, communicating on safety), and staff engagement in these is assumed to be shaped by perceptions of safety culture. These perceptions, in-turn, are associated with (1) positions within an organisational hierarchy (which makes power-related acts more or less threatening), and (2) societal values for power distance (e.g. challenging authority). With a sample of 13,573 of air traffic control staff (controllers, engineers, administrative, and management) from 21 national air traffic providers, we reconfirm the observation that managers perceive safety culture more positively than frontline staff (hypothesis 1), and that workers in countries with established values for hierarchy and power report safety culture as less positive than those from countries with low power distance (hypothesis 2). We then, for the first time, examine the interaction between these two factors, and establish that differences in safety culture perceptions between those higher in the hierarchy (management) and those lower in the hierarchy (air traffic controllers and administrative staff) are exacerbated by national contexts for large power distance (hypothesis 3). The study contributes to the literature by theorising the role of power in safety culture theory, and its influence upon safety culture perceptions. Moving forward, safety culture research and interventions may benefit from considering how power exists and manifests at the level of superior-subordinate dynamics.
21. Stressful life transitions and wellbeing: a comparison of the stress buffering hypothesis and the social identity model of identity change
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Praharso, Nurul F., Tear, Morgan J., Cruwys, Tegan, Praharso, Nurul F., Tear, Morgan J., and Cruwys, Tegan
- Abstract
The relationship between stressful life transitions and wellbeing is well established, however, the protective role of social connectedness has received mixed support. We test two theoretical models, the Stress Buffering Hypothesis and the Social Identity Model of Identity Change, to determine which best explains the relationship between social connectedness, stress, and wellbeing. Study 1 (N=165) was an experiment in which participants considered the impact of moving cities versus receiving a serious health diagnosis. Study 2 (N=79) was a longitudinal study that examined the adjustment of international students to university over the course of their first semester. Both studies found limited evidence for the buffering role of social support as predicted by the Stress Buffering Hypothesis; instead people who experienced a loss of social identities as a result of a stressor had a subsequent decline in wellbeing, consistent with the Social Identity Model of Identity Change. We conclude that stressful life events are best conceptualised as identity transitions. Such events are more likely to be perceived as stressful and compromise wellbeing when they entail identity loss.
22. The importance of ground truth: an open source biometric repository
- Author
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Tear, Morgan J., Thompson, Matthew B., Tangen, Jason M., Tear, Morgan J., Thompson, Matthew B., and Tangen, Jason M.
- Abstract
Advances in forensic technologies and procedures seek to produce better and more efficient policing for safer societies. Little is understood, however, about how effectively the human forensic professional employs such technologies, or the cognitive and perceptual processes of judgment and decision making the forensic professional engages in during the course of evidence evaluation. For this, experimenters need materials that approximate the realism of crime scene evidence, while ensuring the ground truth about the source of this information. These two goals are often incompatible. We discuss the development of an open-source biometric repository to address the issue of ground truth. This repository contains a range of crime related materials such as fingerprints and palm-prints, shoe-prints, faces, handwriting, voices, and irises. Our goal is to provide a large, open-source repository of forensic information, where certainty of the source in built into the system, to help advance research on identification by humans and technology.
23. Audio-visual speech cue combination
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Arnold, Derek H., Tear, Morgan J., Schindel, Ryan, Roseboom, Warrick, Arnold, Derek H., Tear, Morgan J., Schindel, Ryan, and Roseboom, Warrick
- Abstract
Background: Different sources of sensory information can interact, often shaping what we think we have seen or heard. This can enhance the precision of perceptual decisions relative to those made on the basis of a single source of information. From a computational perspective, there are multiple reasons why this might happen, and each predicts a different degree of enhanced precision. Relatively slight improvements can arise when perceptual decisions are made on the basis of multiple independent sensory estimates, as opposed to just one. These improvements can arise as a consequence of probability summation. Greater improvements can occur if two initially independent estimates are summated to form a single integrated code, especially if the summation is weighted in accordance with the variance associated with each independent estimate. This form of combination is often described as a Bayesian maximum likelihood estimate. Still greater improvements are possible if the two sources of information are encoded via a common physiological process. Principal Findings: Here we show that the provision of simultaneous audio and visual speech cues can result in substantial sensitivity improvements, relative to single sensory modality based decisions. The magnitude of the improvements is greater than can be predicted on the basis of either a Bayesian maximum likelihood estimate or a probability summation. Conclusion: Our data suggest that primary estimates of speech content are determined by a physiological process that takes input from both visual and auditory processing, resulting in greater sensitivity than would be possible if initially independent audio and visual estimates were formed and then subsequently combined.
24. Failure to demonstrate that playing violent video games diminishes prosocial behavior
- Author
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Tear, Morgan J., Nielsen, M., Tear, Morgan J., and Nielsen, M.
- Abstract
Background: Past research has found that playing a classic prosocial video game resulted in heightened prosocial behavior when compared to a control group, whereas playing a classic violent video game had no effect. Given purported links between violent video games and poor social behavior, this result is surprising. Here our aim was to assess whether this finding may be due to the specific games used. That is, modern games are experienced differently from classic games (more immersion in virtual environments, more connection with characters, etc.) and it may be that playing violent video games impacts prosocial behavior only when contemporary versions are used. Methods and Findings: Experiments 1 and 2 explored the effects of playing contemporary violent, non-violent, and prosocial video games on prosocial behavior, as measured by the pen-drop task. We found that slight contextual changes in the delivery of the pen-drop task led to different rates of helping but that the type of game played had little effect. Experiment 3 explored this further by using classic games. Again, we found no effect. Conclusions: We failed to find evidence that playing video games affects prosocial behavior. Research on the effects of video game play is of significant public interest. It is therefore important that speculation be rigorously tested and findings replicated. Here we fail to substantiate conjecture that playing contemporary violent video games will lead to diminished prosocial behavior.
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