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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of parents residing in the Malwa region regarding infant teething, their experiences with teething-related symptoms in their children, and the strategies employed to alleviate these symptoms during infancy. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based observational study was conducted among 300 parents of children aged 3–6 years attending routine dental check-ups. A convenience sampling approach was utilized to recruit participants. A self-designed, validated questionnaire comprising 14 items was employed to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, parental knowledge of teething, observed symptoms, and management practices. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and the Chi-square test was applied to evaluate associations between variables. Results: The majority of participants were aged 25–30 years. Among the respondents, 40.3% correctly identified the typical age range (6–9 months) for the eruption of primary teeth, while 73.7% recognized delayed eruption as a possible indicator of systemic health issues. The most reported teething-related symptom was diarrhea (49.7%), followed by runny nose and fever, with vomiting being the least frequently observed symptom. Allopathic medications were the most utilized interventions for symptom relief (68.0%), followed by homeopathic remedies and teething rings. Conclusions: Parents in the Malwa region frequently reported diarrhea as the predominant symptom associated with teething and commonly used allopathic treatments for management. Higher educational levels and socioeconomic status were associated with greater knowledge and understanding of teething-related issues.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of parents residing in the Malwa region regarding infant teething, their experiences with teething-related symptoms in their children, and the strategies employed to alleviate these symptoms during infancy. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based observational study was conducted among 300 parents of children aged 3-6 years attending routine dental check-ups. A convenience sampling approach was utilized to recruit participants. A self-designed, validated questionnaire comprising 14 items was employed to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, parental knowledge of teething, observed symptoms, and management practices. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and the Chi-square test was applied to evaluate associations between variables. Results: The majority of participants were aged 25-30 years. Among the respondents, 40.3% correctly identified the typical age range (6-9 months) for the eruption of primary teeth, while 73.7% recognized delayed eruption as a possible indicator of systemic health issues. The most reported teething-related symptom was diarrhea (49.7%), followed by runny nose and fever, with vomiting being the least frequently observed symptom. Allopathic medications were the most utilized interventions for symptom relief (68.0%), followed by homeopathic remedies and teething rings. Conclusions: Parents in the Malwa region frequently reported diarrhea as the predominant symptom associated with teething and commonly used allopathic treatments for management. Higher educational levels and socioeconomic status were associated with greater knowledge and understanding of teething-related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Messages promoting the benefits of amber necklaces for children are common on social media, despite their health risks. Aim: This study characterized Facebook posts with false content about the efficacy of amber necklaces in teething. Design: A sample of 500 English‐language Facebook posts was analyzed by two investigators to determine the motivations, author's profile, and sentiments of posts. Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling was used to identify salient terms and topics. An intertopic distance map was created to calculate the topic similarity. These data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, the Mann–Whitney U test, Cramer's V test, and multiple logistic regression models, regarding the time since initial posting and interaction metrics. Results: Most posts were made by business profiles and expressed positive sentiments, with social, psychological, and financial motivations. The posts were categorized into the topics "giveaway," "healing features," and "sales." Overperforming scores and total interaction increased with time since the initial posting. Posts with links had higher overperforming scores. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Facebook posts about the efficacy of amber necklaces in teething are motivated by financial interests, using psychological and social mechanisms to achieve greater interaction with their target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School health has been identified as a neglected aspect of primary health care in Ghana, leading to compromised health, well-being and life satisfaction among students. To address this concern, this study identified the barriers hindering the implementation of school-based health programs in Ghana. It employed a qualitative approach, including 116 respondents who participated in interviews. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis with the aid of NVivo software. In line with the research objective, findings show that the implementation of school-based health programs faces several teething challenges that serve as barriers to the success and sustainability of the programs. These barriers included resource constraints; a lack of adequate parental and community participation and a lack of adequate collaboration between stakeholders' management and leadership issues, governance issues and political issues. The findings from the study have a relevant and innovative contribution to achieving good health and well-being and quality education as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals and shaping primary healthcare management in the context of a developing country. It recommends that policymakers and health practitioners pay special attention to school-based health programs as a key strategy for primary health care management in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: teething is a natural process that all infants go through, and most toddlers obtain their first tooth around six months. However, misconceptions about teething and its remedies are still prevalent. The study assessed the knowledge and management practices of infant teething symptoms among mothers whose children were admitted to the Pediatric ward of Tamale Teaching Hospital. Methods: the study adopted a prospective descriptive cross-sectional design with a quantitative data collection method. A total of 251 mothers were selected using a convenient sampling strategy, and a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: the study found that 79.7% and 20.3% of respondents had good and poor knowledge of teething, respectively. Also, 65.3% and 34.7% of the mothers had good and poor practices, respectively, in the management of teething symptoms. Marital status (p= 0.029) and type of ward (p= 0.020) were significantly associated with mothers' knowledge of teething. Furthermore, mothers less than 30 years of age (OR, 2.07; 95% CI: 1.19-3.57; p= 0.009) and mothers with formal education (OR, 2.22; 95% CI: 1.22-3.81; p= 0.004) were more likely to have good management practices for teething symptoms. Conclusion: most mothers have a good understanding of child teething, but they do not think delayed eruptions indicate systemic disease. They identified taking the child to the hospital during teething symptoms and administering Paracetamol to relieve the symptoms as standard practices. However, more education is needed to differentiate between teething signs and other ailments and to prevent substandard first aid practices during teething. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Amber necklaces have been used frequently to reduce the complaints of babies during teething. In this study, the knowledge and experience of families regarding the use of amber necklaces investigated. Methods The structured questionnaire was applied face-to-face to parents with a 4–24 month old baby who applied to the paediatric outpatient clinic. Results One hundred one families participating in the study reported that they used the amber necklace most frequently for restlessness (n = 72, 71.3%). Eighty- three% of families reported that the amber necklace was beneficial. It determined that 2% of the babies had suffocation and 2% had problems dispersing the grains. Conclusion Although the parents think that the use of amber necklaces is effective during the teething period, they are not aware of the risks. It is important for healthcare professionals to inform their families about teething and especially the risks of using amber necklaces.

References in ancient literary texts refer to the use of pierced teeth as amulets used for the prevention and reduction of teething pains in infants. In this paper, I explore some of the sensory aspects of this phenomenon by centralising pain as a sensory experience. I draw on a dataset of these objects from Roman Britain in order to contextualise the types and use of these objects within the Roman world. These two facets, linking the sensory experiences of teething pain to real, material objects, allows for a discussion of the lived and embodied experience of wearing this amulet in the ancient world, through which a greater appreciation of its sensory importance is gained.

Background: Parents believe that teething is associated with signs and symptoms, which may induce them to give medications that could harm their children. Some children may require alleviation of symptoms and overall attention. Aim: To assess parents' beliefs in and attitudes toward teething. Design: Through electronic databases and gray literature, this systematic review identified cross‐sectional studies reporting parents' beliefs in, knowledge about, and attitudes toward the signs and symptoms of primary tooth eruption in children aged between 0 and 36 months. Three reviewers independently selected the studies, collected the information, assessed methodological quality, and checked for accuracy with disagreements solved by a fourth reviewer. The Agency of Research and Quality in Health questionnaire for cross‐sectional studies was used for quality assessment. Descriptive analysis with median and interquartile ranges was adopted. Results: Twenty‐nine studies comprising 10 524 participants from all geographic regions were included. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate. Most parents have beliefs in signs and symptoms during dentition, the most reported symptom being the desire to bite. Oral rehydration was the most exposed attitude in the studies included. Only a small proportion of parents reported no attitude. Conclusions: The majority of parents believed in at least one sign or symptom associated with teething, and only few of them would do nothing or just wait for the signs or symptoms to pass, with no difference among countries (Protocol doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/S2KZ3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogenesis of malocclusions, which are common among the population of all countries, is well represented in the professional literature. The occurrence of malocclusions is associated with genetic and various environmental factors. Among the latter, fluorides which affect the prevalence of some dental diseases are of particular interest. However, there are few publications reflecting the frequency of malocclusion among the population in the regions with different levels of fluoride in drinking water. This problem seems to be significant in the context of the increasing impact of fluorine compounds on human health, including dental health.The aim of the study. To analyze the literature on the frequency of malocclusion among the population living in conditions of variable fluoride content in drinking water. A manual search of domestic and foreign literature was performed in the search databases PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. From the initial list of publications, eighteen articles that met the inclusion criteria for the study were selected for analysis. We revealed significant variability of the research results. Some authors note a higher prevalence of malocclusions among the population under conditions of increased fluoride intake, others note a lower one, and still others did not reveal any differences between the values obtained in both samples. Most of the assessed publications did not methodologically meet modern international standards, and therefore were of little evidence.The literature data do not provide grounds for an unambiguous assessment of fluorine compounds as an environmental factor that indirectly affects the process of occlusion formation in humans and animals.The review did not allow to make a definitive conclusion on the possible impact of systemic fluorides on the prevalence and pattern of malocclusion in humans and animals. It requires the implementation of studies that comply with the principles of evidence-based medicine.

Purpose: To determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of parents regarding teething signs and symptom. Methods: A 55-question survey was administered to 120 parents of children aged six to 36 months who sought care from April 2021 to April 2022 at the Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. The questionnaire investigated parents' sociodemographic characteristics, their knowledge about the teething process, which signs and symptoms they observed and their approaches toward them. Results: The mean duration of teething was 7.5±1.9 (standard deviation) months (minimum=four months; maximum=15 months). The most common sign or symptom observed during teething was restlessness (87.5 percent). There was no significant relationship between the level of teething knowledge and the socioeconomic status of the families. Conclusion: Parents' knowledge levels about teething process could be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Amber necklaces have been used frequently to reduce the complaints of babies during teething. In this study, the knowledge and experience of families regarding the use of amber necklaces investigated. Methods: The structured questionnaire was applied face-to-face to parents with a 4–24 month old baby who applied to the paediatric outpatient clinic. Results: One hundred one families participating in the study reported that they used the amber necklace most frequently for restlessness (n = 72, 71.3%). Eighty- three% of families reported that the amber necklace was beneficial. It determined that 2% of the babies had suffocation and 2% had problems dispersing the grains. Conclusion: Although the parents think that the use of amber necklaces is effective during the teething period, they are not aware of the risks. It is important for healthcare professionals to inform their families about teething and especially the risks of using amber necklaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mother's milk is a biological secretion that provides the best nutritional source with numerous benefits to the infant, which include somatic growth, modulation of post-natal intestinal function, brain development, and immune ontogeny. As per WHO, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months and continuation up to two years of age as both mother and the infant are mutually benefitted. Breast milk contains more nutritional, hormonal, and growth factors which are mandatory for the baby to attain the highest standards of health. Many mothers encounter bite injuries in their nipples and areola while feeding due to the teething process, which usually starts six months after birth. This may cause injury to the mother's skin causing inconvenience in feeding. This can be avoided by fabricating a “soft bite appliance” for the infant, which prevents bite injuries and makes both the baby and mother feel comfortable during feeding. This device can be used as a temporary device during the teething process, thereby enhancing nursing mothers to continue the feeding process without anxiety.

Teething has been attributed to various childhood ailments and physical disturbances since ancient times. Due to this some of the organic childhood diseases may go untreated thereby harming the child's general health. Taking this negative impact into account, this review article aims at informing the medical community of the systemic symptoms that are associated with teething. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The signs and symptoms associated with teething can be local or systemic. It remains unclear whether the disturbances are caused by the eruption of primary teeth or whether they simply coincide with tooth eruption. Parents and healthcare professionals can have different perceptions about teething symptoms, especially in different cultural or socio-economic contexts., Objectives: The study aimed to compare the opinions and attitudes of medical doctors, dentists and mothers toward the symptoms of teething., Material and Methods: Data about the signs and symptoms was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was mailed in December 2019 to 800 randomly selected medical doctors and dentists working in the Central Aegean Region of Turkey. Mothers of children aged 0-3 years who were referred to the pediatric department were selected for the study. Data from 199 medical doctors (109 family physicians, 90 pediatricians), 293 dentists (169 general dentists, 124 pediatric dentists) and 352 mothers who completed the questionnaire was included in the study. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows program., Results: Each participant identified at least one symptom related to teething. Statistically significant differences were found between the 3 groups in terms of symptoms except for stomach ache (p < 0.05). Gingival irritation was the most common symptom among dentists (95.6%) and mothers (70.7%), while irritability was the most common symptom among medical doctors (90.5%). Mothers believed to a greater extent than the other groups that fever, vomiting and cough were associated with teething (p < 0.05), whereas medical doctors tended to point to drooling, irritability, biting/chewing, diarrhea, and ear rubbing more often than the other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, sleep disturbance and loss of appetite were associated with teething less frequently by mothers as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: In the present study, medical doctors, dentists and mothers reported unproven and controversial associations between teething and certain local or systemic symptoms. Mothers especially were more likely to believe that systemic symptoms that can be confused with other serious diseases were associated with teething.

In a certain group of children, the eruption of deciduous teeth has a negative effect on the general condition. This physiological process often gives the child uncomfortable sensations ‒ pain, hyperemia of the mucous membrane, hypersalivation, burning, itching in the mouth, an increase in the general body temperature. The symptoms of teething can be relieved at home. Dentists recommend the use of special gels and ointments that have not only analgesic effect, but also antiseptic properties. The article discusses the use of gel based on an extract of Boswellia serrata resin, juice of aloe vera leaf and an extract of chamomile flowers in the eruption of temporary teeth in children. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of gel in the eruption of temporary teeth in children. At the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the E. V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry of the I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University 67 children aged from 5 months to 3 years (the period of eruption of temporary teeth) were under observation. Вased on the obtained results of clinical changes in local and general symptoms associated with teething of temporary teeth in 67 children, when using gel, a significant decrease in symptoms was observed already on the 3rd day of use in 30-50%, on the 5th day in 50-80%, on the 7th in 90-100%. According to the survey of parents, the effectiveness of gel is 91% of respondents who had the use of gel for teething of temporary teeth, which corresponded to a high level of effectiveness of the drug.

Pacifiers and teething devices are commonly introduced during infancy to soothe and comfort. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of emergency room visits for pediatric craniofacial injuries associated with pacifiers and teething devices. All craniofacial injuries due to “Pacifiers or Teething Rings” in children less than 2 years old were retrieved from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Age, sex, race, context of injury, cause of injury, and patient disposition were collected. Query revealed an estimated nationwide incidence of 5424 injuries from the years 2012 to 2021, with a mean age of 12.1 months at the time of injury. Most injuries occurred at home (70.2%), often resulting from falls while using the pacifier/teething device (71.0%). An estimated 97.6% of patients were released after emergency room treatment. Education regarding abstaining from pacifier and teething device use during activity may reduce the incidence of these injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parental knowledge of teething has been repeatedly investigated; however, little emphasis has been made on the associated sociodemographic factors with good knowledge of the parents and whether or not good knowledge is translated into adopting proper pain-relieving practices. The present study aims to firstly assess the knowledge level and practices of Saudi parents regarding teething and then explore associated sociodemographic variables with good knowledge of teething to determine the relation between parents' knowledge of teething and their adoption of pain-relieving practices. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited parents from the social networking sites Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp, and they were asked to answer a pretested three-part internationally accepted questionnaire. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient analysis. Results: One thousand four hundred ninety-nine parents responded and returned completed questionnaires. Of those, only 11.2% had good knowledge of teething. The majority of parents did not have basic knowledge of the teething period as well as believed that teething was associated with a runny nose (87.5%), diarrhea (77.9%), and sleep disturbance (72%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that parents with no primary school education (Odds Ratio: 0.29), or those who had an intermediate or secondary education level (OR: 0.55 and 0.78) were less likely to have good knowledge compared with parents who had a university degree. However, parents who earned intermediate monthly income (OR: 6.63) were more likely to have good knowledge of teething. With regards to practices used to relieve teething pain, inappropriate practices were observed regarding bottle feeding at night to soothe the child's pain (72%) and applying topical analgesics to rub the gum (72.4%). A significant positive correlation was found between the knowledge score and the practice score of both fathers and mothers (r = 0.22 and 0.13, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: A very low percentage of Saudi parents, mainly those with the highest education level and intermediate monthly income, had good knowledge of teething, which translated into appropriate practices to soothe the child's pain regardless of the parent's gender. Saudi parents should receive anticipatory guidance related to teething from all health professionals to ensure an uneventful teething period for their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on teething in infants. Some disputable and additional points of this physiological process are discussed. Special attention is attributed to the facilities available for management of pathological symptoms accompanying primary tooth eruption process. Safety items and toxicological quality control of plant-based teething gels for infants are considered.

Background Parental knowledge of teething has been repeatedly investigated; however, little emphasis has been made on the associated sociodemographic factors with good knowledge of the parents and whether or not good knowledge is translated into adopting proper pain-relieving practices. The present study aims to firstly assess the knowledge level and practices of Saudi parents regarding teething and then explore associated sociodemographic variables with good knowledge of teething to determine the relation between parents’ knowledge of teething and their adoption of pain-relieving practices. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited parents from the social networking sites Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp, and they were asked to answer a pretested three-part internationally accepted questionnaire. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient analysis. Results One thousand four hundred ninety-nine parents responded and returned completed questionnaires. Of those, only 11.2% had good knowledge of teething. The majority of parents did not have basic knowledge of the teething period as well as believed that teething was associated with a runny nose (87.5%), diarrhea (77.9%), and sleep disturbance (72%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that parents with no primary school education (Odds Ratio: 0.29), or those who had an intermediate or secondary education level (OR: 0.55 and 0.78) were less likely to have good knowledge compared with parents who had a university degree. However, parents who earned intermediate monthly income (OR: 6.63) were more likely to have good knowledge of teething. With regards to practices used to relieve teething pain, inappropriate practices were observed regarding bottle feeding at night to soothe the child’s pain (72%) and applying topical analgesics to rub the gum (72.4%). A significant positive correlation was found between the knowledge score and the practice score of both fathers and mothers (r = 0.22 and 0.13, p < 0.0001). Conclusion A very low percentage of Saudi parents, mainly those with the highest education level and intermediate monthly income, had good knowledge of teething, which translated into appropriate practices to soothe the child’s pain regardless of the parent’s gender. Saudi parents should receive anticipatory guidance related to teething from all health professionals to ensure an uneventful teething period for their children.

Introduction. The paper presents modern insights into the pathogenesis and role of inflammatory reactions in the developmentof the respiratory pathology. The safety and high potential of the use of complex bioregulatory drugs as elements of pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy of the respiratory diseases have been substantiated. The authors present the results of their own clinical observations on the use of a complex bioregulatory drug as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat acute respiratory diseases in young children.Clinical case 1. The observation included 102 children aged 1 to 3 years with the symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection, who underwent outpatient treatment. 53 children of them received a complex bioregulatory drug as a symptomatic antiinflammatory and antipyretic therapy according to the treatment regimen set out in the patient information leaflet. The comparison group consisted of 49 children, who received acetaminophen derivatives to relieve the similar symptoms at least once per day. The findings showed that the bioregulatory drug, when used according to the treatment regimen, effectively relieved the symptoms of fever in 46 children (87%), the same indicator in the comparison group was 44 children (89%) (p > 0.05%).Clinical case 2.We observed 26 children aged 9 to 18 months with teething syndrome, which was treated with a bioregulatory drug as a symptomatic therapy. The therapy lasted 3 to 7 days. The results showed that the bioregulatory drug effectively relieved the whole complex of teething symptoms.Сonclusion. Viburcol has been shown to be highly effective as an antipyretic agent, as well as a drug to relieve symptoms during teething. No children who used the drug showed side effects. The authors advise the widespread use of complex bioregulatory drugs in routine paediatric practice.

Piglets are born with a total of eight teeth and on the second day of life, teeth wear management is carried out to avoid lesions on the sows' ceilings and on the faces of the piglets. For this, an electric wearer is used that only wears the apex of the teeth. In this experiment, a comparison of twelve litters divided into: a control group (CG) was performed, which the intact teeth were kept ; with the management of tooth wear and treatment group (TG). The animals were followed from the first day of life until weaning. The weighing was carried out on the respective days of life: second, seventh, fourteenth and twenty-first. It was observed that the fights between piglets and for the ceilings did not present significant difference, on the other hand the injuries caused by the teeth and the dirt injuries had significant difference with greater presence in the group without wear. In the comparison of the piglets’ daily weight gain, there was noted that no significant difference between two groups was observed, which can state that the non-wear of the teeth does not interfere in the daily weight gain, however it was concluded that the animals without wear (CG) had a higher incidence of dirt lesions.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) begins in early childhood in the majority of children. Addressing AD in small children includes recognition of the early presentations of disease in all skin types, triggers, comorbidities, and therapeutics. These include risk of medication absorption, more xerosis, infections, and creating management plans that are acceptable to parents/caregivers, while offering safety. Vaccination efficacy, safety on systemic agents, growth and development, tactile sensory development, and teething-related facial eruptions of early childhood are additional concerns. Prevention of long-term comorbidities is the highest goal. Using age-based considerations helps support excellence in care and improved patient-parent experience., Competing Interests: Disclosure Dr Mudra Chatt has no conflicts to declare. Dr Karan Lal has the following conflicts; Incyte (speaker), Abbvie (speaker), Pfizer (speaker), Boehringer Ingelheim (speaker), Galderma (speaker), Aerolase (speaker), Sanofi (speaker). Dr Nanette Silverberg is an investigator of Avita, and advisor/ consultant/ speaker for Avita, Incyte, Novan, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Verrica., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Abstract Background Baltic amber teething necklaces have been popularized as a safe and natural alternative to conventional or pharmacological medicines for the management of teething pain. However, claims made by retailers regarding the efficacy and mechanism of action of these necklaces lack scientific or clinical basis. The claim most closely resembling science is the assertion that succinic acid will leach out of the beads and through the skin of the wearer and carry out anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The objective of the current research is to scientifically assess this claim. Methods Beads from necklaces were powdered for identification by infrared spectroscopy, and dissolved in sulfuric acid for quantification of succinic acid using HPLC. Succinic acid release from beads was assessed by long-term submersion of amber beads (separated according to light, medium and dark brown colour) in solvents relevant to human skin conditions. The potential for succinic acid to have anti-inflammatory effects was assessed by measuring the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNFα, and the inflammatory messenger PGE2, from THP-1 human macrophages after treatment with succinic acid and LPS. Results Amber teething necklaces were positively identified as Baltic amber, by comparison of the beads’ infrared spectrum to the literature, and by their succinic acid content (1.5 mg per bead; 1.44% w/w). However, whole amber beads submerged in octanol or pH 5.5 phosphate buffered saline did not release any measurable succinic acid, except for the light-coloured beads in octanol which broke into tiny fragments. Additionally, treatment of macrophages with succinic acid did not reduce the release of any inflammatory cytokines measured, and displayed toxicity to the cells at high concentrations. Conclusions While amber teething necklaces are genuine Baltic amber, we have found no evidence to suggest that the purported active ingredient succinic acid could be released from the beads into human skin. Additionally, we found no evidence to suggest that succinic acid has anti-inflammatory properties.

Temporal eruption for children is a natural and physiological process. However, in some cases, it may be accompanied by numerous unpleasant symptoms, such as fever, decreased appetite, anxiety, sleep disorders and indigestion. These symptoms nonspecific and may occur in other somatic diseases. The Violation of stages, timing of eruption may be indicated a variety of somatic diseases and the development of further pathology of the dental-jaw system, as well as depends of the child`s constitutional characteristics. In this article we are presents an analysis, which dedicated problems of infant`s tooth eruption. Special attention is paid to the available means for the normalization of pathological symptoms, which accompanied the process of teething. Sometimes, parents try to alleviate the child`s condition and use different means independently, but uncontrolled and prolonged use of NSAIDs and local anesthetics can leads to allergic or toxic effects. Currently, with the help of research, it has been established that the use of herbal preparations is better, they are safer.

The article focuses on teething in infants. Some disputable points and probable complications of this physiological process are discussed. Special attention is attributed to the remedies available for management of pathological symptoms accompanying primary tooth eruption process.

Tool use is a central topic in research on cognitive evolution and behavioral ecology in non-human animals. Originally thought to be a uniquely human phenomenon, many other species have been observed making and using tools for a variety of purposes, starting with Goodall’s (1964) groundbreaking work with chimpanzees in Gombe. Despite the frequent attention and great research interest in animal tool use, and ubiquity of the behavior, we argue here that chewing sticks by dogs (and other animals) should be included as a case of tool use. We discuss alternate possible explanations and then propose several testable predictions regarding this hypothesis. We suggest that tool use may be more common than is often assumed and that many cases of animal tool use may be overlooked.

Tool use is a central topic in research on cognitive evolution and behavioral ecology in non-human animals. Originally thought to be a uniquely human phenomenon, many other species have been observed making and using tools for a variety of purposes, starting with Goodall's (1964) groundbreaking work with chimpanzees in Gombe. Despite the frequent attention and great research interest in animal tool use, and ubiquity of the behavior, we argue here that chewing sticks by dogs (and other animals) should be included as a case of tool use. We discuss alternate possible explanations and then propose several testable predictions regarding this hypothesis. We suggest that tool use may be more common than is often assumed and that many cases of animal tool use may be overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent teething analysis was carried out among 3,322 children aged 4,5 to 17 years in Tashkent city. Girls had their first permanent teeth registered at 4 years 6 months and boys at 5 years. In children of both sexes, the average number of permanent teeth on the lower jaw was higher than on the upper one, except for 10, 13 and 14-year-old boys. In all age groups, girls had more permanent teeth than boys, except 15, 16 and 17 years old. The maximal increase in the number of permanent teeth in girls is defined as 9-11 years old and in men - 1 year later. The range of permanent teeth in children of both sexes was 10 years and 2 months and the highest rate of teething was typical of the first molars, while the lowest rate was typical of the first premolars (boys) and the second premolars (girls). The work has proved the necessity to develop normative assessment tables of teething for children in Uzbekistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research targeted 3,232 children, 49,7% boys and 50,3% girls, aged 4,5 to 17, living in Tashkent city. The initial and average timing of permanent teeth on the lower jaw was characterized by incisor type and on the upper jaw by molar type; the age of completion of teething on both jaws was characterized by molar type. In children of both sexes, the teething sequence did not differ in the initial and middle teething stages, except for the upper canines and lower second premolars, and gender differences were clearly visible when the permanent bite was completed in the sequence of lower canines, lower first premolars and upper second premolars. In children, the lower teeth were teething before the upper teeth except for the premolars. In terms of teething timing, the asymmetry between contralateral teeth ranged from 1 to 3 months, indicating left-handed teething in boys and right-handed teeth in girls. In the 15-year-old age group, children in Tashkent have a complete permanent bite formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Teething is a physiological process that begins during infancy. However, some mothers often attribute certain symptoms to teething. In this study, we assessed the opinions and practices of mothers attending a tertiary health facility in Nigeria on teething. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted among caregivers of children presenting to the out-patient department of a tertiary hospital, Southwestern Nigeria. Results: Five hundred and sixteen mothers were studied. The leading symptoms attributed to teething were fever 420 (81.4%), reduced food intake / appetite 320 (62.0%), diarrhoea 314 (60.9%) and vomiting 294 (57.0%). Some believed that teething is associated with convulsion 102 (19.8%), mouth ulcers 69 (13.4%), ear discharge 68 (13.2%), and no symptoms 41 (7.9%). Majority of the mothers 374 (72.5%) believed that teething requires treatment. Two hundred and four (39.5%) mothers had given their children oral analgesics for teething while 194 (37.6%) administered teething mixtures. These medications were more likely to be prescribed at the hospital or purchased over the counter (p < 0.05). Other treatments given included herbal concoction 46 (8.9%), local tooth extraction 22 (4.3%), enema 17 (3.3%), body scarifications 14 (2.7%), gum fomentation 14 (2.7%) and gum incision 12 (2.3%). Responders who attributed convulsion to teething were more likely to have incised their children's gums (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed that sundry symptoms were attributed to teething and harmful home interventions were done for teething. There is a need to educate the society on teething and discourage harmful practices for teething by caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teething is a natural and physiological process in growing infants. It is one of the major milestones in the development of the child and has been attributed to cause a myriad of problems to the infant. Aim: This study sought to determine the knowledge, beliefs and practices of mothers from Owerri, South-East Nigeria on childhood teething. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study that involved 127 mothers who attended the infant immunisation clinic of Federal Medical Centre Owerri over 3 months from September to November 2018. Results: Fifty-one (41.7%) infants had the eruption of the first tooth on or before 5 months of age. A good proportion 111 (87.4%) of mothers believed that tooth eruption in infants will come with illness, while 55 (43.3%) of the mothers had in the past experienced symptoms with teething in their babies. Seventy-three (57.5%) of the mothers use medications as prophylaxis for teething-associated problems. Mother's education did not significantly influence the use of teething prophylaxis (31.4% of mothers with tertiary education administered medications to their children during teething compared to 54.2% of mothers with lower educational background, P = 0.094, X2 = 6.392). Conclusion: Mothers in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria irrespective of their educational status still have wrong perceptions and beliefs about teething and majority routinely administer medications for presumed teething problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Many physical disturbances have been related to teething. Inappropriate knowledge of mothers and their misconceptions about teething may intervene with the prompt diagnosis and management of severe illnesses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of mothers about teething, to determine how they used to manage its problems, and to investigate the association between the education status of mothers and their management of teething problems. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed using a self-administered questionnaire conducted on mothers of children aged 1-3 years, recruited from the outpatient clinic. The questionnaire consisted of four sections. Results: The needed sample size was derived to be 120 mothers. All mothers revealed that their children had at least one of the symptoms that were presented in the questionnaire. Response to teething was wrongly accompanied with fever (76%), diarrhea (80%), and sleep disturbances (86%). The mothers in the age-group 20-24 years showed significantly higher level of knowledge than those in other age-groups. Regarding mother's education, university and diploma groups had significantly higher level of knowledge than others. Conclusion: Among 120 mothers, 50.8% and 35.8% had poor and moderate level of knowledge about teething, respectively. Furthermore, only 13.3% had good level of knowledge regarding teething. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regression analysis was used to evaluate teeth examination as a tool for estimating age in beef and dairy cattle at Neudamm farm, Namibia, in 2018. There was a significant difference in age (months) between the overall mean actual age (M=60, SD=4.57) and the mean estimated age (M=57, SD=4.52 months) in beef cattle; t(74) = 3.61, p<0.001. There was no significant difference between the overall mean estimated age and the mean actual age (M=42.5, SD=5.18) and (M=41.3, SD=5.21 months) in dairy cattle; t(30) = 1.45, p=0.16. There was a very strong positive relationship between the overall teeth examination-estimated age and actual age in beef cattle [r (74) = 0.98, p<0.001]. There was a very strong positive relationship between the overall teeth examination-estimated age and actual age in dairy cattle [r (30) = 0.99, p<0.001]. A very strong positive relationship was also evident between the teeth examination-estimated age and actual age in beef cattle aged 45 months and below [r (37) = 0.93, p<0.001]. There was a very strong positive relationship between the teeth examination-estimated and actual age in dairy cattle aged 45 months and below [r (20) = 0.97, p<0.001]. There was a very strong positive relationship between the teeth examination-estimated age and actual age in beef cattle aged over 45 months [r (35) = 0.93, p<0.001]. There was a very strong positive relationship between the teeth examination-estimated age and actual age in dairy cattle aged over 45 months [r (8) = 0.97, p<0.001]. It was therefore concluded that under the given conditions of the study and the range of ages and the breeds under study, age estimation through teeth examination is reliably applicable for aging cattle in general. Age estimation through teeth examination was found to be more accurate in dairy than in beef cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research findings in Nigeria have revealed that misconceptions about teething is common in the society, particularly among individuals from the lower social class. This prompted the development of a twenty four minute video in a local Nigerian language (Yoruba) titled “Owoero” (meaning “ease”) . The video conveys a general message on ease of eruption of teeth in children; void of the long list of perceived symptoms. Videos are powerful communication vehicles and important health education tools. They have been used in many countries and previous researches have shown that videotapes are useful aids in health education This present video is to serve as a culturally appropriate community dental health education tool, with special focus on nursing mothers and pregnant women particularly in south western Nigeria because of their essential role in oral health care of children. The video also targets people from the lower socioeconomic class due to their poor knowledge and practice of oral health .This article describes the rationale behind the choice of a culturally appropriate heath educational video and the process and steps that went into the finished work.

Aim. The purpose of this study was for identify the main orerall symptoms. Typilal for teething of children first year of life, including prematures, because uncontrolled using of medicines car lead of to advers and negative reactions.Materials and methods. The results of random survey of it children from 1 month to 1 year. 42 boys (55,3 %) and girls (44,7%) full-term Group included 40 children (63%), 36 children (47%) were included in preterm infants group.Results. The appearance of the first teeth is move common in 6-8 months оf babies life, painful teething was noted in 30 children (39,5 %). The most often symptoms were irritability, drooling, desire to bite. For relief of symptoms of 64 children, there was using medical funds. Of them prevailed gels (92,1% ).Conclusion. There is no specific symptoms of teething. To relive symptoms it is advisable to use safe medicines, pretembly of plant origin.

The article discusses the problem of teething in babies, the related mechanisms and factors. The research findings demonstrate the importance of different clinical symptoms of teething in infants, the relationship of the process with the baby's body type. Questions of the current therapy of pathological teething are considered.

In recent decades the use of CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine) has increased significantly, not only among adults but also in the pediatric population. Perceived efficacy of homeopathic or natural treatments, fear of drug adverse effects, dissatisfaction with conventional medicine, and the need for more personal attention are the main reasons given by parents who treat their children with homeopathy. In the present paper the use of natural and homeopathic remedies for the treatment of children ailments are considered. In particular we focus on minor disorders of early childhood with a major impact on the well-being of the whole family, namely infant colic, teething, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and tonsillopharyngitis. The results of recent studies on homeopathic products for the treatment of these disorders are be presented and discussed.

Dental assessments and evaluations for children during their 1st year of life have been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and the American Association of Pediatrics. Early dental intervention evaluates a child's risk status based on parental interviews and oral examinations. These early screenings present an opportunity to educate parents about the medical, dental, and cost benefits of preventive rather than restorative care and may be more effective in reducing early childhood caries than traditional infectious disease models. A comprehensive infant oral care program includes: (1) risk assessments at regularly scheduled dental visits, (2) preventive treatments such as fluoride varnishes or sealants, (3) parental education on the correct methods to clean the baby's mouth, and (4) establishment of dental home and use of anticipatory guidance. The present article highlights the important guidelines of infant oral health care.

Aim: This study aims to find out the proinflammatory chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions. Materials and Methods: GCF of 160 individuals (4–15 years of age) was collected by the extracrevicular method. They were categorized into four groups (40 per each group). Group I: subjects with primary dentition (4–5 years of age), Group II: 40 subjects in early transition period (6–8 years), Group III: 40 individuals in the late transition period (9–11 years), and Group IV: 40 individuals with permanent dentition (12–15 years). MIP-lα and MIP-1β levels were determined in the samples of GCF by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by software SPSS Version 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY: USA). Results: MIP-1α and MIP-1β were detected in all samples. The highest mean MIP-1α and MIP-1β concentrations in GCF were detected in the early transition period, while the lowest concentrations were seen in primary dentition group. The chemokine levels were higher in girls than in boys in Group III. There was a substantial rise of MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels during eruption. Conclusions: Since levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β in GCF are positively associated with tooth eruption, they may perhaps be deemed as novel biomarkers in the eruption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myths are part and parcel of everyone's life. There is an increase in the people's expectations regarding health care and it is essential to know about the prevailing myths to provide needed health care to people. Dentists usually face many myths and other untested beliefs which are passed from one generation to another. Some of these myths had a significant impact on the oral health of the population. Traditional Indian beliefs and taboos were found to be correlated inversely with preventive dental health behavior in the population. Every culture has its own beliefs, and some of which have an important influence on the incidence of disease. Understanding the myths and misconceptions about oral diseases is of prime importance in providing excellent care and health education to both patients and healthy individuals, as the high prevalence of these myths will further prevent such population from obtaining proper dental care even if it could be made available to them. The purpose of this review was to assess the information available in the dental literature on oral health-related myths and beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teething is a physiological process that all children experience. Even though this period is a normal part of babies development, interestingly little is known about management of symptoms. Dry cough, crabbing, sleeping disorder, gingival inflammation, and salivation are among the most common symptoms observed during milk dentition. However, even though fever, diarrhea, and several numbers of other complaints are not adequate evidences, teething period is commonly considered responsible. Although pain and discomfort related to baby teething can be managed by using pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, inadequate evidence regarding these draws attention. The purpose of this study is to determine problems faced by babies during teething period and support approaches of parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]