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Seyedfarzad Famouri, Mostafa Baghani, Azadeh Sheidaei, Daniel George, Maryam Mazraehei Farahani, Masoud Shariat Panahi, Majid Baniassadi, univOAK, Archive ouverte, University of Tehran, Concordia University [Montreal], Iowa State University (ISU), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Armin Shahmohammadi, Seyedfarzad Famouri, Seyedmohammadreza Hosseini, Maryam Mazraehei Farahani, Mostafa Baghani, Daniel George, Majid Baniassadi, University of Tehran, Concordia University [Montreal], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and univOAK, Archive ouverte

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E., Pasovic, M., Otstavnov, N., Negash, H., Pawar, S., Naimzada, M. D., Al Montasir, A., Ogbo, F. A., Owolabi, M. O., Pakshir, K., Mohammad, Y., Moni, M. A., Nunez-Samudio, V., Mulaw, G. F., Naveed, M., Maleki, S., Michalek, I. M., Misra, S., Swamy, S. N., Mohammed, J. A., Flaxman, S., Park, E. -C., Briant, P. S., Meles, G. G., Hayat, K., Landires, I., Kim, G. R., Liu, X., Legrand, K. E., Taylor, H. R., Kunjathur, S. M., Khoja, T. A. M., Bicer, B. K., Khalilov, R., Hashi, A., Kayode, G. A., Carneiro, V. L. A., Kavetskyy, T., Kosen, S., Kulkarni, V., Holla, R., Kalhor, R., Jayaram, S., Islam, S. M. S., Gilani, S. A., Eskandarieh, S., Molla, M. D., Itumalla, R., Farzadfar, F., Congdon, N. G., Elhabashy, H. R., Elayedath, R., Couto, R. A. S., Dervenis, N., Cromwell, E. A., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Resnikoff, S., Casson, R. J., Abdoli, A., Choi, J. -Y. J., Dos Santos, F. L. C., Abrha, W. A., Nagaraja, S. B., Abualhasan, A., Adal, T. G., Aregawi, B. B., Beheshti, M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Afshin, A., Ahmadieh, H., Alemzadeh, S. A., Arrigo, A., Atnafu, D. D., Ashbaugh, C., Ashrafi, E., Alemayehu, W., Alfaar, A. S., Alipour, V., Anbesu, E. W., Androudi, S., Arabloo, J., Arditi, A., Bagli, E., Baig, A. A., Barnighausen, T. W., Battaglia Parodi, M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Bikbov, M., Bottone, M., Braithwaite, T., Bron, A. M., Butt, Z. A., Cheng, C. -Y., Chu, D. -T., Cicinelli, M. V., Coelho, J. M., Dai, X., Dana, R., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Del Monte, M. A., Deva, J. P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dreer, L. E., Ehrlich, J. R., Ellwein, L. B., Emamian, M. H., Fernandes, A. G., Fischer, F., Friedman, D. S., Furtado, J. M., Gaidhane, S., Gazzard, G., Gebremichael, B., George, R., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Hamidi, S., Hammond, B. R., Hartnett, M. E. R., Hartono, R. K., Hay, S. I., Heidari, G., Ho, H. C., Househ, M., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilic, I. M., Huang, J. J., Ilic, M. D., Ingram, A. D., Irvani, S. S. N., Jha, R. P., Kahloun, R., Kandel, H., Kasa, A. S., Kempen, J. H., Khairallah, M., Khan, E. A., Khanna, R. C., Khatib, M. N., Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Koyanagi, A., Kurmi, O. P., Lansingh, V. C., Leasher, J. L., Leveziel, N., Limburg, H., Manafi, N., Mansouri, K., Mcalinden, C., Mohammadi, S. F., Mokdad, A. H., Morse, A. R., Naderi, M., Naidoo, K. S., Nangia, V., Nguyen, H. L. T., Ogundimu, K., Olagunju, A. T., Panda-Jonas, S., Pesudovs, K., Peto, T., Ur Rahman, M. H., Ramulu, P. Y., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reinig, N., Robin, A. L., Rossetti, L., Safi, S., Sahebkar, A., Samy, A. M., Serle, J. B., Shaikh, M. A., Shen, T. T., Shibuya, K., Shin, J. I., Silva, J. C., Silvester, A., Singh, J. A., Singhal, D., Sitorus, R. S., Skiadaresi, E., Soheili, A., Sousa, R. A. R. C., Stambolian, D., Tadesse, E. G., Tahhan, N., Tareque, Md. I., Topouzis, F., Tran, B. X., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Varma, R., Virgili, G., Wang, N., Wang, Y. X., West, S. K., Wong, T. Y., Jonas, J. B., Vos, T., University of Washington [Seattle], Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Imperial College London, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg University, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Aksum University, Cairo University, University of Sharjah, Wolkite University, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, University of Leipzig Medical Center, University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), Visibility Metrics LLC, Adigrat University, San Raffaele Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Bahir Dar University (BDU), University Hospital of Ioannina, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Government Medical College Pali, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ufa Eye Research Institute, ondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, University of Minho, University of Adelaide, Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), Seoul National University Hospital, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], University of Porto, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), University of Dammam - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Harvard University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Gondar, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Iran] (MOHME), Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, University of São Paulo (USP), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, University College of London [London] (UCL), Haramaya University, Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, The University of Lahore, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, University of Georgia, University of Utah, Institution of Public Health Sciences, Jigjiga Universit, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Independent Consultant, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Manipal academy of Higher Education, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Yale University [New Haven], University of Ibadan, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Faculty of Science of the University of Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia, Deakin University [Burwood], University of Hail, Mysore Medical College, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Ophtalmologistes Associe Monastir, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL), Institute of Human Virology [Nigeria] (IHVN), Myungsung Medical College, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Partenaires INRAE, Baku State University, Health Services Academy, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Health Ministers Council Gulf Cooperative Council Stat, Medical College of Wisconsin [Milwaukee] (MCW), Xiamen University Malaysia, Yonsei University, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Théa, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg., and GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators* on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Hassan Abolhassani, Nils Landegren, Paul Bastard, Marie Materna, Mohammadreza Modaresi, Likun Du, Maribel Aranda-Guillén, Fabian Sardh, Fanglei Zuo, Peng Zhang, Harold Marcotte, Nico Marr, Taushif Khan, Manar Ata, Fatima Al-Ali, Remi Pescarmona, Alexandre Belot, Vivien Béziat, Qian Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Olle Kämpe, Shen-Ying Zhang, Lennart Hammarström, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition [Karolinska Insitutet, Sueden] (BioNut), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Iran University of Medical Sciences [Tehran, Iran] (IUMS), Uppsala University, Department of medicine [Stockholm], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Children’s Medical Center [Tehran, Liban], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Karolinska Institute, Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'immunologie [Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud - HCL], Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Open access funding provided by Karolinska Institute. This work was supported by The European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ATAC, 101003650), the Center for Innovative Medicine at Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Research Council, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW). The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01AI088364 and R01AI163029), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program (UL1TR001866), a Fast Grant from Emergent Ventures, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, the Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, the Meyer Foundation, the JPB Foundation, the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the 'Investments for the Future' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), ANR grants (ANR-14-CE14-0008–01, ANR-18-CE15-0020–02, ANR-20-CE93-003, ANR-20-CO11-000,1 and ANR-21-COVR-0039), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM) (EQU201903007798), the FRM and ANR GENCOVID project (ANR-20-COVI-0003), ANRS Nord-Sud (ANRS-COV05), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 824110 (EASI-Genomics), the Square Foundation, Grandir-Fonds de solidarité pour l’enfance, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, Fondation du Souffle, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), REACTing-INSERM, and the University of Paris. PB was supported by the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM, EA20170638020). PB was supported by the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute (with the support of the Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller). NM received funding from Sidra Medicine (SDR400048) and the Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP9-251–3-045)., ANR-10-IAHU-0001,Imagine,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine(2010), ANR-14-CE14-0008,IEIHSEER,L'encéphalite Herpétique de l'enfant résulte de déficits héréditaires d'immunité contre l'HSV-1: une exception ou une règle?(2014), ANR-18-CE15-0020,SEAe-HostFactors,Facteurs de susceptibilité de l'hôte à l'encéphalite pédiatrique en Asie du Sud Est(2018), ANR-20-CE93-0003,GENVIR,Analyse multi-omique de l'immunité anti-virale: de l'identification des circuits biologiques pertinents à la découverte de défauts monogéniques héréditaires de l'immunité chez les patients avec infections virales sévères(2020), ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), ANR-21-COVR-0039,GenMIS-C,Recherche des Déficits immunitaires innées monogéniques prédisposant au syndrome inflammatoire multisystémique chez l'enfant.(2021), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-20-COVI-0003,GENCOVID,Identification des défauts monogéniques de l'immunité responsables des formes sévères de COVID-19 chez les patients précédemment en bonne santé(2020), European Project: 824110,H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1,EASI-Genomics(2019), Université Paris Cité, Equipe HAL, Instituts Hospitalo-Universitaires - Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine - - Imagine2010 - ANR-10-IAHU-0001 - IAHU - VALID, Appel à projets générique - L'encéphalite Herpétique de l'enfant résulte de déficits héréditaires d'immunité contre l'HSV-1: une exception ou une règle? - - IEIHSEER2014 - ANR-14-CE14-0008 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Facteurs de susceptibilité de l'hôte à l'encéphalite pédiatrique en Asie du Sud Est - - SEAe-HostFactors2018 - ANR-18-CE15-0020 - AAPG2018 - VALID, Analyse multi-omique de l'immunité anti-virale: de l'identification des circuits biologiques pertinents à la découverte de défauts monogéniques héréditaires de l'immunité chez les patients avec infections virales sévères - - GENVIR2020 - ANR-20-CE93-0003 - AAPG2020 - VALID, Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19. - - AABIFNCOV2020 - ANR-20-CO11-0001 - COVID-19 - VALID, Recherche des Déficits immunitaires innées monogéniques prédisposant au syndrome inflammatoire multisystémique chez l'enfant. - - GenMIS-C2021 - ANR-21-COVR-0039 - COVID-19 - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Identification des défauts monogéniques de l'immunité responsables des formes sévères de COVID-19 chez les patients précédemment en bonne santé - - GENCOVID2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0003 - COVID-19 - VALID, European Advanced infraStructure for Innovative Genomics - EASI-Genomics - - H2020-INFRAIA-2018-12019-02-01 - 2023-07-31 - 824110 - VALID, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Saeed, Daneshyar, Gholamreza, Tavoosidana, Mahdi, Bahmani, Saeed Shokati, Basir, Maryam, Delfan, Ismail, Laher, Ayoub, Saeidi, Urs, Granacher, Hassane, Zouhal, Islamic Azad University of Hamedan, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), University of Guilan, Alzahra University, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Kurdistan [Sanandaj - Iran] (UOK), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), and This work was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (no. 47823) and University of Ayatollah Alozma Boroujerdi (no. 15664-214256).

Alikhani, Mehdi, Saberi, Samaneh, Esmaeili, Maryam, Michel, Valérie, Tashakoripour, Mohammad, Abdirad, Afshin, Aghakhani, Arezoo, Eybpoosh, Sana, Vosough, Massoud, Mohagheghi, Mohammad Ali, Eshagh Hosseini, Mahmoud, Touati, Eliette, Mohammadi, Marjan, Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Pathogenèse de Helicobacter / Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), This project was supported by an ACIP (Pasteur International Concerted Action) grant (ACIP2015-10) from Institut Pasteur Paris, and and Grant #833 from Pasteur Institute of Iran, as partial fulfillment of MA Ph.D. dissertation (code: TP-9347).

Omid Asbaghi, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Behzad Nazarian, Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi, Alexei Wong, Reza Afrisham, Reza Bagheri, Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian, Amirmansour Alavi Naeini, Frédéric Dutheil, Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), University of Isfahan, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (MUI), Lorestan University of Medical Sciences [Khorramabad, Iran] (LUMS), Lorestan University [ Khorramabad, Iran] (LU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Marymount University, Catholic University, Arlington, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Service Santé Travail Environnement [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, Waseda University [Tokyo, Japan], Shahid Beheshti University, and Waseda University

Masoud Amini, Omid Asbaghi, Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Zahra Sohrabi, Reza Bagheri, Neda Cheraghloo, Nader Moeinvaziri, Frédéric Dutheil, Michael Nordvall, Gholamreza Moradpour, Alexei Wong, Neda Haghighat, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (SUMS), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), University of Isfahan, Marymount University, Catholic University, Arlington, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Santé Travail Environnement [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, and WittyFit

Matthew A. Brown, Laura Diekman, Maxime Breban, Nicholas G. Martin, Yuqin Wang, Erika De Guzman, Paul Leo, Zhixiu Li, Gary J. Macfarlane, Lisa Anderson, Simon Stebbings, Margaret J. Wright, Michael M. Ward, Gareth T. Jones, Mahdi Mahmoudi, Mohammad H. Rahbar, Zi-Bing Jin, Jing Song, Huji Xu, MinJae Lee, Mengmeng Li, Xiaobing Wang, Michael H. Weisman, Andrew A. Harrison, Nurullah Akkoc, Jian Zhan, B P Wordsworth, Lianne S. Gensler, So Young Bang, Li Lin, Xin Wu, Elham Farhadi, James Cheng-Chung Wei, John D. Reveille, Helena Marzo-Ortega, Lawrie Wheeler, Chung Tei Chou, Geng Wang, Jin San Zhang, Tae-Hwan Kim, Ahmadreza Jamshidi, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Manisa Celal Bayar University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Infection et inflammation (2I), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Rhumatologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), University of Aberdeen, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), University of Leeds, National Yang Ming University (NYMU), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Hanyang University, University of Queensland [Brisbane], QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Griffith University [Brisbane], Beijing Tongren Hospital, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), University of Oxford [Oxford], ANR-10-MIDI-0002,GEMISA,GEnétique, Microbiote, Inflammation, et Spondylarthrite Ankylosante(2010), Second Military Medical University [Shanghai], Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX [Paris], Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Taipei Veterans General Hospital [Taiwan], Chung Shan Medical University, China Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University [Wenzhou, China] (WMU), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University [Wenzhou, China], Wenzhou University [Wenzhou, China], Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), King‘s College London, and TCRI AS Group: Jian Yin, Lei Jiang, Lin Zhou, Ting Li, Qingwen Wang, Tianwang Li, Guanmin Gao, Shengqian Xu, Weiguo Xiao, Hui Shen, Jingguo Zhou, Yuquan You, Dongbao Zhao, Qing Cai, Shengming Dai, Lan He, Ping Zhu, Zhenyu Jiang, Jian Xu, Huaxiang Wu, Lie Dai, Yang Li, Feng Ding, Xiaochun Zhu, Chongyang Liu, Dongyi He, Liyun Zhang, Zhijun Li, Futao Zhao, Hanshi Xu, Niansong Wang, Youlian Wang, Lindi Jiang, Yu Zhang, Jinwei Chen, Fang Cheng, Zhiyi Zhang, Yifang Mei, Liangjing Lv, Lingli Dong, Jing Yang, Yinong Li, Xiaodong Wang, Xiaofeng Li, Hongsheng Sun, Xianming Long, Xiao Zhang, Qinghong Yu, Xiaodan Kong, Yi Zheng, Miaojia Zhang, Yi Tao, Yisha Li, Xinwang Duan, Qianghua Wei, Xiaofei Wang, Jie Han, Rong Mu, Yiping Lin, Jian Zhu, Xiaoyuan Chen

Hasan, Bakhshi, Mehdi, Fazlalipour, Javad, Dadgar-Pakdel, Sedigheh, Zakeri, Abbasali, Raz, Anna-Bella, Failloux, Navid, Dinparast Djadid, Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers [Tehran], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), H.B. received scholarships from the education office of Pasteur Institute of Iran, Institut Pasteur of Paris, and Campus France. This work was also supported by the MATI Program of the Institut Pasteur International Network 'ENVIRONmental changes and MOSquito-borne diseases: the example of West Nile (Environ-MOS)'., We would like to thank Arezoo Beig-Parikhani for her assistance in performing the protein structure prediction and interaction. We thank our colleagues in MVRG, National Insectary, and AIV for their support during performing this project., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Saeideh Aghayari Sheikh Neshin, Guillaume Turc, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Fahimeh Vahabizad, Stefania Mondello, Oluwaseyi Olulana, Thomas Yasuda, Gelareh Banihashemi, Ali Reza Noorian, Mojdeh Ghabaee, Hany Mohamed Aref, Aristeidis H. Katsanos, Sahar Hojjat-Anasri Komachali, Alaleh Vaghefi Far, Saeed Ansari, Francisco Purroy, Leo H. Bonati, Sakineh Ranji-Burachaloo, Juan F. Arenillas, Afshin Borhani-Haghighi, Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi, Ilaria Gandoglia, Zabihollah Babaeepour, Mohammad Hossein Harirchian, Alia Saberi, Vivek Sharma, Fabricio Buchadid Cardoso, Jusun Moon, Nitin Goyal, Arash Kia, Ronen R. Leker, Mercedeh Sepehrnia, João Sargento-Freitas, Apoorva Dev, Asadollah Mir Ghasemi, Mirna Sabra, Mohammad Ghorbani, Aicha Lyoubi, Bruce C.V. Campbell, Saeideh Salehizadeh, Christos Krogias, Shailesh Male, Mehrdad Roozbeh, Elahe Mohammadi-Vosough, Durgesh Chaudhary, Soheil Naderi, Nasrin Rahimian, Konark Malhotra, Mehmet Hanci, Mehdi Farhoudi, Arefeh Babazadeh, Ali Amini Harandi, Ghasem Farahmand, Massimo Del Sette, Martin Punter, Miljenko Crnjakovic, Faezeh Khodadadi, Gian Marco De Marchis, Ashkan Mowla, Nuno Reis Carreira, Fariborz Khorvash, Annemarei Ranta, Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, Orkhan Alizada, Shima Shahjouei, Ana Paula Aires, Diana Aguiar de Sousa, Christoph J. Griessenauer, Ava Hamidi, Seyed Amir Ebrahimzadeh, Farhad Assarzadegan, Jong Ho Park, Hamidreza Mirkarimi, Mostafa Almasi-Dooghaee, Achille Cernigliaro, Jeffrey C Mai, Lawrence Nolan, Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh, Leila Poorsaadat, Yasaman Ahmadzadeh, João Pedro Marto, Humain Baharvahdat, Kristi Tempro, Seyed Aidin Sajedi, Teresa Mesquita, Bruno Gonçalves, Venkatesh Avula, Manuel Requena, Jason J. Chang, Mika Niemelä, Zeynab Sadat Hasheminejad, Branko Malojčić, Elsa Azevedo, Abhi Pandhi, Debdipto Misra, Ramin Zand, Vida Abedi, Marta Rubiera, Thorsten Steiner, Alireza Vafaei Sadr, Sepideh Paybast, Rohan Arora, Behnam Rezai Jahromi, Firas Kobeissy, Jiang Li, Daniel Bock, Behnam Sabayan, Eric Koza, Joan Montaner, Lev Lotman, Mercedes de Lera Alfonso, Carlo W. Cereda, Mahtab Ramezani, Matthew S. Tenser, Duchange, Nathalie, Geisinger Health System [Danville, PA, USA], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Attikon University Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine [Scranton, PA, USA], University of Southern California (USC), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of Messina, Regional Health Authority of Sicily [Palermo], University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], PES University [Bangalore], Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], University of Melbourne, Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, University Hospital Virgen Macarena [Sevilla], Poursina Hospital, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João [Porto], Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, University of Tennessee [Chattanooga] (UTC), Valiasr Hospital [Borujen], University Hospital Basel [Basel], Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Clinical Hospital Dubrava [Zagreb, Croatia] (CHD), University of Basel (Unibas), Galliera Hospital [Genova, Italy], Yasrebi Hospital [Kashan, Iran] (YH), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences [Tabriz, Iran] (TUOMS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], Albany Medical College, Georgetown University Medical Center, Vidant Medical Center [Greenville, NC, USA] (VMC), Allegheny Health Network [Pittsburgh, PA, USA] (AHN), University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Partenaires INRAE, University of Zagreb, Hospital De Egas Moniz [Lisbon], University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Ain Shams University (ASU), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Asan Medical Center [Seoul], University of Ulsan, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], National University Health System [Singapore] (NUHS), Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Hospital for Special Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Centro Médico de Campinas [São Paulo], Gheshm Hospital, Gilan University of Medical Sciences [Lahijan], Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (MUI), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Modarres Hospital [Kashmar], Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (SUMS), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Salahadin Ayubi Hospital [Baneh], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Long Island Jewish Forest Hills [New York], Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Department of Neurosciences, HUS Neurocenter, Neurokirurgian yksikkö, Clinicum, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Universidade do Porto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Hospital De Egas Moniz [Lisbon, Portugal] (Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental), and University of Helsinki

Amin Esmaeili, Vanessa Fierro, Vahid Vatanpour, Zohre Karami, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Azam Salmankhani, Alain Celzard, Sajjad Habibzadeh, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Khajeh Nasir Toosi University of Technology [Téhéran] (KNTU), University of Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Kharazmi University [Tehran], College of the North Atlantic, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Bourne, Rupert, Steinmetz, Jaimie, Flaxman, Seth, Briant, Paul Svitil, Taylor, Hugh, Resnikoff, Serge, Casson, Robert James, Abdoli, Amir, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Afshin, Ashkan, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Akalu, Yonas, Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw, Alemayehu, Wondu, Alfaar, Ahmed Samir, Alipour, Vahid, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Androudi, Sofia, Arabloo, Jalal, Arditi, Aries, Asaad, Malke, Bagli, Eleni, Baig, Atif Amin, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Battaglia Parodi, Maurizio, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bottone, Michele, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Bron, Alain, Butt, Zahid, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria, Coelho, João, Dagnew, Baye, Dai, Xiaochen, Dana, Reza, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Del Monte, Monte, Deva, Jenny, Diaz, Daniel, Djalalinia, Shirin, Dreer, Laura, Ehrlich, Joshua, Ellwein, Leon, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Fernandes, Arthur, Fischer, Florian, Friedman, David, Furtado, João, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaidhane, Shilpa, Gazzard, Gus, Gebremichael, Berhe, George, Ronnie, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Golechha, Mahaveer, Hamidi, Samer, Hammond, Billy Randall, Hartnett, Mary Elizabeth R, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hay, Simon, Heidari, Golnaz, Ho, Hung Chak, Hoang, Chi Linh, Househ, Mowafa, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilic, Irena, Ilic, Milena, Ingram, April, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Kahloun, Rim, Kandel, Himal, Kasa, Ayele Semachew, Kempen, John, Keramati, Maryam, Khairallah, Moncef, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khanna, Rohit, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Kim, Judy, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Koyanagi, Ai, Kurmi, Om, Lansingh, Van Charles, Leasher, Janet, Leveziel, Nicolas, Limburg, Hans, Majdan, Marek, Manafi, Navid, Mansouri, Kaweh, McAlinden, Colm, Mohammadi, Seyed Farzad, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mokdad, Ali, Moosavi, Delaram, Morse, Alan, Naderi, Mehdi, Naidoo, Kovin, Nangia, Vinay, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Ogundimu, Kolawole, Olagunju, Andrew, Ostroff, Samuel, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peto, Tunde, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Ramulu, Pradeep, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Reinig, Nickolas, Robin, Alan, Rossetti, Luca, Safi, Sare, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Samy, Abdallah, Saxena, Deepak, Serle, Janet, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shen, Tueng, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Jae Il, Silva, Juan Carlos, Silvester, Alexander, Singh, Jasvinder, Singhal, Deepika, Sitorus, Rita, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skirbekk, Vegard, Soheili, Amin, Sousa, Raúl, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Stambolian, Dwight, Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu, Tadesse, Eyayou Girma, Tahhan, Nina, Tareque, Md Ismail, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Varma, Rohit, Virgili, Gianni, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ningli, West, Sheila, Wong, Tien, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu, Jonas, Jost, Vos, Theo, Holden, Funding, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), University of Washington [Seattle], Imperial College London, University of Melbourne, School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, University of Adelaide, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah (UoS), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, University of Gondar, Debre Markos University, The Fred Hollows Foundation, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Samara University, University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), Visibility Metrics LLC, University of Texas, University Hospital of Ioannina, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Government Medical College Pali, All India Institute of Medical Sciences [New Delhi], National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ufa Eye Research Institute, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], University of Porto - Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territórioo (UP - DGAOT), Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Iran] (MOHME), University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, University of São Paulo (USP), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, University College of London [London] (UCL), Haramaya University (HU), Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, University of Georgia [USA], University of Utah, Institution of Public Health Sciences, Independent Consultant, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), University of Ibadan, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Faculty of Science of the University of Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Ophtalmologistes Associe Monastir, The University of Sydney, Bahir Dar University (BDU), Harvard University, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Health Services Academy, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin [Milwaukee] (MCW), Xiamen University, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Kristiania University College = Høyskolen Kristiania, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], HelpMeSee, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Health Information Services, Trnava University, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Glaucoma Research Center, Singleton Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation [University of Washington], Iran University of Medical Sciences [Tehran, Iran] (IUMS), Lighthouse Guild, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Suraj Eye Institute, Duy Tan University, Sightsavers, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Maharishi Markandeshwar University [Mullana] (MM(DU)), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Public Health England [London], Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Thea, Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg., Bourne, R. R. A., Steinmetz, J. D., Flaxman, S., Briant, P. S., Taylor, H. R., Resnikoff, S., Casson, R. J., Abdoli, A., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Afshin, A., Ahmadieh, H., Akalu, Y., Alamneh, A. A., Alemayehu, W., Alfaar, A. S., Alipour, V., Anbesu, E. W., Androudi, S., Arabloo, J., Arditi, A., Asaad, M., Bagli, E., Baig, A. A., Barnighausen, T. W., Battaglia Parodi, M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Bikbov, M., Bottone, M., Braithwaite, T., Bron, A. M., Butt, Z. A., Cheng, C. -Y., Chu, D. -T., Cicinelli, M. V., Coelho, J. M., Dagnew, B., Dai, X., Dana, R., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Del Monte, M. A., Deva, J. P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dreer, L. E., Ehrlich, J. R., Ellwein, L. B., Emamian, M. H., Fernandes, A. G., Fischer, F., Friedman, D. S., Furtado, J. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gaidhane, S., Gazzard, G., Gebremichael, B., George, R., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Hamidi, S., Hammond, B. R., Hartnett, M. E. R., Hartono, R. K., Hay, S. I., Heidari, G., Ho, H. C., Hoang, C. L., Househ, M., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Ingram, A. D., Irvani, S. S. N., Jha, R. P., Kahloun, R., Kandel, H., Kasa, A. S., Kempen, J. H., Keramati, M., Khairallah, M., Khan, E. A., Khanna, R. C., Khatib, M. N., Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Koyanagi, A., Kurmi, O. P., Lansingh, V. C., Leasher, J. L., Leveziel, N., Limburg, H., Majdan, M., Manafi, N., Mansouri, K., Mcalinden, C., Mohammadi, S. F., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mokdad, A. H., Moosavi, D., Morse, A. R., Naderi, M., Naidoo, K. S., Nangia, V., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Ogundimu, K., Olagunju, A. T., Ostroff, S. M., Panda-Jones, S., Pesudovs, K., Peto, T., Syed, Z. Q., Ur Rahman, M. H., Ramulu, P. Y., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reinig, N., Robin, A. L., Rossetti, L., Safi, S., Sahebkar, A., Samy, A. M., Saxena, D., Serle, J. B., Shaikh, M. A., Shen, T. T., Shibuya, K., Shin, J. I., Silva, J. C., Silvester, A., Singh, J. A., Singhal, D., Sitorus, R. S., Skiadaresi, E., Skirbekk, V., Soheili, A., Sousa, R. A. R. C., Spurlock, E. E., Stambolian, D., Taddele, B. W., Tadesse, E. G., Tahhan, N., Tareque, Md. I., Topouzis, F., Tran, B. X., Travillian, R. S., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Varma, R., Virgili, G., Wang, N., Wang, Y. X., West, S. K., Wong, T. Y., Zaidi, Z., Zewdie, K. A., Jonas, J. B., and Vos, T.

Gholamreza Farnoosh, Reza Heidari, Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam, Hossein Biganeh, Hamid Sedighian, Jamal Rashidiani, Hamid Kooshki, Mostafa Akbariqomi, Mahboobeh Sadat Hosseini, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Anu Bashamboo, Maryam Razzaghy-Azar, Mehdi Totonchi, Ken McElreavey, Mehrshad Seresht-Ahmadi, Mandana Rastari, Masomeh Askari, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), University of Science and Culture (USC), Génétique du Développement humain - Human developmental genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine [Tehran, Iran], and The present study was supported in part by a grant from the Royan Research Institute, Tehran, Iran and by grant from the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF).

Maryam Jouyandeh, Hossein Abdollahi, Henri Vahabi, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Seyed Mohammad Reza Paran, Vahideh Akbari, Amin Esmaeili, Ahmad Mohaddespour, Sajjad Habibzadeh, Krzysztof Formela, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Zahed Ahmadi, Institute for Color Science and Technology, College of Science of the University of Tehran (UT College of Science), University of Tehran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Urmia University, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), University of Gdańsk (UG), School of Engineering Technology and Industrial Trades, and American University of The Middle East [Eqaila]

Zeinab A. El-Sayed, Dalia H. El-Ghoneimy, José A. Ortega-Martell, Nesrine Radwan, Juan C. Aldave, Waleed Al-Herz, Maryam A. Al-Nesf, Antonio Condino-Neto, Theresa Cole, Brian Eley, Nahla H.H. Erwa, Sara Espinosa-Padilla, Emilia Faria, Nelson A. Rosario Filho, Ramsay Fuleihan, Nermeen Galal, Elizabeth Garabedian, Mary Hintermeyer, Kohsuke Imai, Carla Irani, Ebtihal Kamal, Nadia Kechout, Adam Klocperk, Michael Levin, Tomas Milota, Monia Ouederni, Roberto Paganelli, Claudio Pignata, Farah N. Qamar, Isabella Quinti, Sonia Qureshi, Nita Radhakrishnan, Nima Rezaei, John Routes, Surjit Singh, Sangeetha Siniah, Intisar Abdel-Hakam Taha, Luciana K. Tanno, Ben Van Dort, Alla Volokha, Kathleen Sullivan, Ain Shams University (ASU), Clinica de Alergía Pediatríca S.C. Dr José G Huerta López, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Al-Sabah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation [Doha, Qatar], Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Department of Immunology [Sao Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town Medical school, University of Khartoum, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (INP), Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre [Coimbra, Portugal] (CHUC), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), Columbia University [New York], Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Tokyo Medical and Dental University [Japan] (TMDU), Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University Hospital Motol [Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Bone Marrow Transplantation Center Tunis, Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Department of Post Medical Education, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, University of Rome la Sapienza, Departement of internal medicine and laboratory of gene expression, Post Graduate Institute of Child Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research [Chandigarh, India] (PGIMER), Hospital Tunku Azizah (HTA), Jafar Ibn Auf Pediatric Hospital (GICH), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), World Health Organisation (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education [Kiev] (SNMAPE), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), and Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie

Matthieu Bouaziz, Sirous Zeinali, Vignesh Gunasekharan, Fabienne Jabot-Hanin, Sarah Jill De Jong, Peter Itin, Nessa Aghazadeh, Xavier Rueda Cadena, E. Imahorn, Aurelia D’Amico, Amandine Crequer, Irina Matos, Elaine Fuchs, Bettina Burger, Janet Markle, David Hum, Etienne Patin, Florian Full, Bayaki Saka, Amir Hossein Saeidian, Laurent Abel, James G. Krueger, Nataly Portilla Maya, Claire Q.F. Wang, Jouni Uitto, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Leila Youssefian, Hassan Vahidnezhad, Armin Ensser, Andrés Augusto Arias, Leslie V. Parise, Tina M. Leisner, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Lou Laimins, Lazaro Lorenzo, Gérard Orth, José Luis Franco, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], Northwestern University [Evanston], Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses (Inserm U980), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), University of Basel (Unibas), Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Sidney Kimmel Medical College [Philadelphia], Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud = University Foundation of Health Sciences [Bogotá, Colombia] (FUCS), Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia = National Cancer Institute [Bogotá], Université de Lomé [Togo], Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Kawsar Genomics and Biotech Cente, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Département de Virologie - Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur [Paris], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (grant 5 R21 AI107508-02) and the French Cancer Institute (grant 2013-1-PL BIO-11-1). L.V. Parise and T.M. Leisner are supported by National Institutes of Health grant R41 CA200189. S.J. de Jong was supported by the German Research Foundation (Jo 1151-1), funds from the Women Science Fellowship program at The Rockefeller University, and the National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award program (UL1 TR001866). J.L. Franco and A.A. Arias were supported by the Fundación Diana Garcia de Olarte FIP and Colciencias Programa de Intercambio de investigadores e innovadores Colombia-Francia (ECOS-NORD/COLCIENCIAS/MEN/ICETEX, 619-2013 and Colciencias contract 713-2016 code 111574455633)., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Fatemeh Zarei, Zahra Khazaeipour, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Hamid Mirzaaghaie, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Afsaneh Abd-Mousavi, Abolfazl Abouie, Alireza Salehi-Nejad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], University of Tehran, and Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University)

Houria Zait, Teivi Laurimäe, Sami Simsek, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad, Adriano Casulli, Urmas Saarma, Liina Kinkar, Hossein Mirhendi, Eshrat Beigom Kia, Malik Irshadullah, Steffen Rehbein, Viliam Šnábel, Ibrahim Balkaya, Gérald Umhang, Mitra Sharbatkhori, Antonio Varcasia, Francisco Ponce-Gordo, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, Atatürk University School of Medicine, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, University Hospital Mustapha Alger, Aligarh Muslim University, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (MUI), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Merial GmbH, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Firat University Faculty of Engineering Geology Department, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and University of Sassari

Masoud Mozafari, Bruno Azambre, Ghader Mahmodi, Josh D. Ramsey, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Seok-Jhin Kim, Sajjad Habibzadeh, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Mohsen Khodadadi, Saeed Manouchehri, Morteza Servatan, Payam Zarrintaj, Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], School of Chemistry, University of Tehran ( ), Urmia University, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multi-échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Institute for Color Science and Technology, and Iran University of Medical Science

Stéphane Roche, Sadia Beloribi-Djefaflia, Frédérique Magdinier, Thierry Kuntzer, Andoni Echaniz-Laguna, Françoise Bouhour, Karine Nguyen, Elisabeth Ollagnon, Emmanuelle Salort-Campana, Guilhem Solé, Rafaëlle Bernard, Pascal Cintas, Nicolas Lévy, Sabrina Sacconi, Shahram Attarian, Farzad Fatehi, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires et de la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Département de génétique médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique et maladies, Unité de neurophysiologie clinique [CHU Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de neurologie [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Hôpital neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Sclérose Latérale amyotrophique [CHU Toulouse], Département Neurologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Neurosciences [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Neurosciences [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Roche, Stephane

Andrea Bevot, Diana Chiang, Laurence Colleaux, Christian A. Hübner, Hans Hartmann, Zhao-Qi Wang, Tobias B. Haack, Ralf A. Husain, J. Christopher Hennings, Kevin Rostasy, Michael C. Kruer, Hossein Darvish, Olaf Riess, Andy Cheuk Him Ng, Marion Döbler-Neumann, Tim M. Strom, Lucia Laugwitz, Johannes A. Mayr, Thomas Klopstock, Xenia Kobeleva, René G. Feichtinger, Saghar Ghasemi Firouzabadi, Rebecca Buchert, Amelie J. Müller, Matias Wagner, Antje K. Huebner, Shrikant Mane, Marcus Deschauer, Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann, Abdelkrim Saadi, Ulrich Brandl, Penelope E. Bonnen, Christian Marx, Isabell Cordts, Thomas Klockgether, Abbas Tafakhori, Thomas Meitinger, Florentine Radelfahr, Arnaud Besse, Mona Grimmel, Marc Sturm, Saskia B. Wortmann, Somayeh Bakhtiari, Francois V. Bolduc, Stefanie Beck-Woedl, Thomas Nägele, Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Jena University Hospital [Jena], University of Tübingen, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Leibniz Association, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität = Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Université d'Alger 1 (Benyoucef Benkhedda), Universität Witten Herdecke, German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), University Children's Hospital of Tübingen, Partenaires INRAE, Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), University of Bonn, Semnan University, University of Arizona, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, University of Alberta, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Yale University School of Medicine, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences [Tehran], Universitätsklinikum Tübingen - University Hospital of Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Munich Cluster for systems neurology [Munich] (SyNergy), Technische Universität München [München] (TUM)-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Amalia Children’s Hospital [Nijmegen, The Netherlands], Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), and COLLEAUX, Laurence

Corbel, V, Durot, C, Achee, NL, Chandre, F, Coulibaly, MB, David, J-P, Devine, GJ, Dusfour, I, Fonseca, DM, Griego, J, Juntarajumnong, W, Lenhart, A, Kasai, S, Martins, AJ, Moyes, C, Ng, LC, Pinto, J, Pompon, JF, Muller, P, Raghavendra, K, Roiz, D, Vatandoost, H, Vontas, J, Weetman, D, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Kasetsart University (KU), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Infectious Diseases [Tokyo], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB-FORTH), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), University of Oxford, Vector borne diseases and pathogens (VBD), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), and Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)

Shilan Shafei, Gholamreza Tavoosidana, Roya Abbaszadeh, Moloud Absalan, Reza Heidari, Hamid Kooshki, Mostafa Akbariqomi, Mohamadali Mazloumi, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Rihab A. Omer, Silvia Viviana Soriano, Francisco Ponce-Gordo, Adriano Casulli, Vanesa Andresiuk, Lorena Evelina Lazzarini, Mindaugas Šarkūnas, Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Monika Dybicz, Thomas Romig, Liina Kinkar, Urmas Saarma, Jakub Gawor, Luis Miguel González, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad, Teivi Laurimäe, Antonio Varcasia, Eshrat Beigom Kia, Gérald Umhang, Mitra Sharbatkhori, Hossein Mirhendi, Viliam Šnábel, Pablo Maravilla, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, University of Hohenheim, Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Sudan International University, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (MUI), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Comahue National University, Università degli Studi di Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias (FCEyN, UNMdP), Dr. Manuel Gea González General Hospital, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Lithuanian University of health Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), and Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu

Mohammad Reza Saeb, Vahideh Akbari, Farhood Najafi, Maryam Jouyandeh, Henri Vahabi, Michael Badawi, Sophie Morisset, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tehran, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Hamid Kooshki, Mostafa Akbariqomi, Mohammad Ali Mazlomi, Fatemeh Mahmoudian, Nafiseh Sadat Sanikhani, Reza Heidari, Soraya Saleh Gargari, Garshasb Rigi, Gholamreza Tavoosidana, Mir Davood Omrani, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Heidari, Reza, Akbariqomi, Mostafa, Motevaseli, Elaheh, Omrani, Mir Davood, Kooshki, Hamid, Shamshiri, Ahmad Reza, Shafei, Shilan, Absalan, Moloud, Mazlomi, Mohammad Ali, Saleh Gargari, Soraya, Tavoosidana, Gholamreza, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, and Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences

Mahdieh Mahboobi, Mohammad Reza Nourani, Ramezan Ali Taheri, Jamal Rashidiani, Seyed Ali Mirhosseini, Reza Heidari, Hamid Kooshki, Morteza Abkar, Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam, Amir Homayoun Keihan, Rezvan Seidmoradi, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Gregor J. Devine, Ademir Jesus Martins, João Pinto, Gonçalo Seixas, Waraporn Juntarajumnong, Eric Marois, John P. Grieco, John Vontas, Clement Gouagna, James G. Logan, James Orsborne, Hassan Vatandoost, Jean-Philippe David, Vincent Corbel, Nicole L. Achee, Lee Ching-Ng, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), National Environment Agency [Singapore] (NEA), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Kasetsart University (KU), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Réponse immunitaire et developpement chez les insectes (RIDI - UPR 9002), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Agricultural University of Athens, The preparation of this review was funded by an award from the World Health Organization’s Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (http://www.who.int/tdr/) to VC, JPD, and the WIN network., Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Tanya Stojkovic, José C. Milisenda, Ana Maria Cobo, Monika Raimondi, Fernando Silveira, Sarah Leonard-Louis, Marco Savarese, Ricardo Reisin, Lorenzo Maggi, Farzad Fatehi, Wolfram Kress, Sabrina Sacconi, Johanna Palmio, Sini Penttilä, Sergei Nikitin, Tahseen Mozaffar, Shahram Attarian, Bjarne Udd, Peter Hackman, Andrés Berardo, Sergei Kurbatov, Anna Lena Semmler, Tim Lai, Kristl G. Claeys, Andoni Urtizberea, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere [Finland], Institut de Myologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Haartman Institute [Helsinki], Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Hospital de São João [Porto], University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Lääketieteen ja terveysteknologian tiedekunta - Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Medicum, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, and University of Helsinki

Durga Sivanesan, Cindy S. Ma, Zafer Caliskaner, Katia Abarca, Jaime Inostroza, Hicham Souhi, Nicholas Hernandez, Stephen W. Michnick, Alix Checchi, Tayfun Ozcelik, Ahmed Abid, Rubén Martínez-Barricarte, Noé Ramírez-Alejo, Adil Zegmout, Esra Hazar Sayar, Nico Marr, Ismail Reisli, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Jamila El-Baghdadi, Bernhard Fleckenstein, Hassan Abolhassani, Jacinta Bustamante, Ingrid Müller-Fleckenstein, Ismail Abderahmani Rhorfi, Antonio Condino-Neto, Jose Antonio Tavares de Albuquerque, Rodrigo Naves, Dimitry N. Krementsov, Beatriz Tavares Costa-Carvalho, Sandra Pellegrini, Aurélie Cobat, Robert Fisch, Michael J. Ciancanelli, Gaspard Kerner, Lorena Orozco, Geetha Rao, Jeanette Mulwa, Hans D. Ochs, Stuart G. Tangye, Fabienne Jabot-Hanin, Patricia García, Frederic Geissmann, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Humberto García-Ortiz, Zhi Li, Tomi Lazarov, Bertrand Boisson, Hicham Naji Amrani, María Elvira Balcells, Caroline Deswarte, Andrea Guennoun, Alexis Strickler, Carolyn C. Jackson, Sevgi Pekcan, Janet Markle, Joshua Halpern, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Cory Teuscher, Che Kang Lim, Anne Puel, Yuval Itan, Lennart Hammarström, Matthieu Bouaziz, Etienne Patin, Laurent Abel, Qian Zhang, Kathryn Payne, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Signalisation des Cytokines - Cytokine Signaling, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research [Darlinghurst, Australia], Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems [Boston] (MoBS), Northeastern University [Boston], Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Laboratory of Genetic Medicine & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine [Qatar], Bases de données et traitement des langues naturelles (BDTLN), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale et Appliquée de Tours (LIFAT), Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany, Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Infectious Diseases Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Department of Immunology [Sao Paulo], University of São Paulo (USP), Hosp Puerto Montt, University of Washington [Seattle], Selcuk University, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses (Inserm U980), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases was supported, in part, by grants from the French National Agency for Research (ANR) under the 'Investissement d’avenir' program (grant no. ANR-10-IAHU-01), the TBPATHGEN project (grant no. ANR-14-CE14-0007-01), the GENMSMD project (grant no. ANR-16-CE17-0005-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the European Research Council (ERC, grant no. ERC-2010-AdG-268777), the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Sciences (NCATS), NIH (grant no. UL1TR001866), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (grant nos. 5R01AI089970, 5R37AI095983, 5U01AI088685, and 5U19AI111143), and The Rockefeller University. Work at the Cytokine Signaling Unit was supported, in part, by a grant from Fondation de la Recherche Médicale to S. Pellegrini (grant no. DEQ20170336741). J.B. was supported by Support of Clinical Research (grant no. SRC2017). C.S.M. and S.G.T. were supported by fellowships and grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and the Office of Health and Medical Research of the Government of New South Wales (Australia). M.E.B. was supported by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT, grant no. 1171570) A.C.-N. was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado e de São Paulo (Fapesp) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq). N.R.-A. was supported by fellowships from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, grant no. 264011) and the Stony Wold-Herbert Fund. Z.L. was supported by the CNRS. J. Markle was supported by the Charles H. Revson Senior Fellowship in Biomedical Sciences and NIAID grant K99AI27932. C.C.J. was the Damon Runyon-Richard Lumsden Foundation Physician Scientist supported by the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (PST-03-15). H.D.O. was supported by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. N.H. was supported by a Medical Scientist Training Program grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH under award no. T32GM007739 to the Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program. The content of this study is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics (UM1HG006504) is funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute. Funds were also provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The GSP Coordinating Center (U24 HG008956) contributed to cross-program scientific initiatives and provided logistical and general study coordination., ANR-10-IAHU-0001,Imagine,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine(2010), ANR-14-CE14-0007,TBPATHGEN,Dissection de la pathogenèse de la tuberculose par l'identification de défauts monogéniques de l'immunité dans les formes pédiatriques sévères de la maladie(2014), ANR-16-CE17-0005,GENMSMD,Dissection génétique de la Susceptibilité Mendélienne aux infections mycobactériennes chez l'homme(2016), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 268777,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-AdG_20100317,GENTB(2011), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Garvan Institute of medical research, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Özçelik, Tayfun, Li, Zhi, Instituts Hospitalo-Universitaires - Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine - - Imagine2010 - ANR-10-IAHU-0001 - IAHU - VALID, Appel à projets générique - Dissection de la pathogenèse de la tuberculose par l'identification de défauts monogéniques de l'immunité dans les formes pédiatriques sévères de la maladie - - TBPATHGEN2014 - ANR-14-CE14-0007 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Dissection génétique de la Susceptibilité Mendélienne aux infections mycobactériennes chez l'homme - - GENMSMD2016 - ANR-16-CE17-0005 - AAPG2016 - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Human Genetics of Tuberculosis - GENTB - - EC:FP7:ERC2011-06-01 - 2016-05-31 - 268777 - VALID, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Ibrahim Balkaya, Houria Zait, Viliam Šnábel, Teivi Laurimäe, Sami Simsek, Robin B. Gasser, Maria Teresa Manfredi, Francisco Ponce-Gordo, Luis Miguel González, Selim M’rad, Gerardo Acosta-Jamett, Abdul Jabbar, Steffen Rehbein, Mitra Sharbatkhori, Liina Kinkar, Karen Luisa Haag, Hein Sprong, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Vanessa Andresiuk, David Jenkins, Antonio Varcasia, Eshrat Beigom Kia, Adriano Casulli, Gérald Umhang, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad, Joke van der Giessen, Urmas Saarma, Hossein Mirhendi, Silvia Viviana Soriano, Malik Irshadullah, Nora Beatriz Pierangeli, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Universidad Austral de Chile, Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias (FCEyN, UNMdP), Atatürk University School of Medicine, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), University Hospital Mustapha Alger, Aligarh Muslim University, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, Comahue National University, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Kathrinenhof Research Center, Merial GmbH, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, University of Firat, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), University of Sassari, This work was supported by institutional research funding (IUT20-32) from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, and the Estonian Doctoral School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. RBG’s recent research has been supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia, Yourgene Bioscience (Taiwan), Melbourne Water Corporation (Australia) and The University of Melbourne (Australia)., European Project: 602051,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1,HERACLES(2013), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), and Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS)

Ahmed Barhoum, Alain Dufresne, Rahimeh Rasouli, Mikhael Bechelany, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Helwan University [Caire], Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers (LGP2 ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Warren J. Leonard, Nima Rezaei, Kathryn Payne, Isabelle Meyts, Laurent Abel, Cindy S. Ma, Marianne Leruez-Ville, Janet Chou, Alain Hovnanian, Jian-Xin Lin, Simon J. Pelham, Danielle T. Avery, Matthieu Bouaziz, Bethany Pillay, Tanwir Habib, Anne Puel, Sevgi Keles, Juan Li, Isabelle Pellier, Jamel El-Benna, Bernhard Fleckenstein, Ahmet Ozen, Vivien Béziat, Ingrid Müller-Fleckenstein, Damien Chaussabel, Samaneh Zoghi, Yi Wang, Paul Gray, Matthias Titeux, Yoann Zerbib, Talal A. Chatila, Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian, Capucine Picard, Orli Wargon, Ayper Somer, Marie-Olivia Chandesris, Thibaut Leclercq, Ibtihal Benhsaien, Aziz Belkadi, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Romain Lévy, Peng Li, Geetha Rao, Ai Ing Lim, James P. Di Santo, Nico Marr, Sylvie Fraitag, Frédégonde About, Elissa K. Deenick, Bertrand Boisson, Jacinta Bustamante, Mélanie Migaud, Bodo Grimbacher, Aziz Bousfiha, Fatima Ailal, Safa Baris, Antoine Guérin, Stuart G. Tangye, Romain Guery, Ning Du, Vimel Rattina, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Rockefeller University [New York], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Garvan Institute of Medical Research [Darlinghurst, Australia], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), CHU Ibn Rochd [Casablanca], Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Service d'Immuno-Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Marmara University [Kadıköy - İstanbul], Necmettin Erbakan University [Konya, Turquie], Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Boston Children's Hospital, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Sidra Medicine, Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Freiburg University Medical Center, Sydney children's hospital, Centre de Référence Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Genetic skin diseases : from disease mechanism to therapies (Equipe Inserm U1163), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de pathologie [CHU Necker], Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Laboratoire de Virologie [CHU Necker], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre d'étude des Déficits Immunitaires, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Istanbul University, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies [Tehran, Iran], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), University of New South Wales [Canberra Campus] (UNSW), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York], New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), This work was supported by grants from INSERM, Paris Descartes University, Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the Jeffrey Modell Foundation Translational Research Program, the French National Research Agency (ANR, grant nos. GENCMCD-ANR-11-BSV3–005-01, HGDIFD-ANR-14-CE15-0006-01, NKIR-ANR-13-PDOC-0025-01, and EURO-CMC-ANR-14-RARE-0005-02), and grants awarded under the 'Investissement d’avenir' program (grant no. ANR-10-IAHU-01), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the NIH (grant nos. U01AI109697 and R01AI127564), the Rockefeller University, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the St. Giles Foundation, the Institut Pasteur, and FP7, under grant agreements 305578 (PathCO) and 317057 (HOMIN). We thank the Centre de Recherche Translationnelle (Institut Pasteur) for technical assistance. V.B. is supported by the ANR (grant no. NKIR-ANR-13-PDOC-0025-01). R.L. is supported by the INSERM Ph.D. program (Poste d’Accueil INSERM), a Fulbright grant (Franco-American commission), and a Philippe Foundation scholarship. Y.Z. received the 'médaille d’or du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Amiens.' Y.W. is supported by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS, grant no. 13318). F. About holds a fellowship from Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM, grant no. FDM20140630671). A.G. is supported by an IFNGPHOX grant (no. ANR13-ISV3-0001-01) from ANR. B.G. was funded by BMBF (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research) grants 01E01303 and 01ZX1306F. I.M. is supported by a klinische onderzoeks-en opleidingsraad (clinical research council) grant from UZ Leuven, a klinisch onderzoeksfonds (clinical research fund) grant from KU Leuven, and an International Mobility Grant from Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (fund for scientific research) Vlaanderen. C.S.M., E.K.D., and S.G.T. are supported by grants and fellowships from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. C.S.M., P.G., E.K.D., and S.G.T. are members of CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia), which is funded by the Office of Health and Medical Research of the NSW Government, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, and the John Cook Brown Foundation. A.I.L. is a scholar of the Pasteur-Paris University International Ph.D. program and is supported by a Ph.D. International Training Network grant from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program under grant agreement no. 317057 (HOMIN). T.A.C. was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the NIH (5R01AI065617). S.K. was supported by a grant from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (1059B191300622). J.-X.L., P.L., N.D., and W.J.L. were supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH. A.P. was supported by an AP-HP interface contract., We thank the patients and their families for participating in this study. We thank J. E. Darnell and C. Mertens for advice and for providing reagents. We thank the members of the laboratory, especially F. Jabot-Hanin and V. Pedergnana, for their valuable input on linkage analysis, L. Amar, Y. Nemirovskaya, D. Papandrea, E. Anderson, M. Woollett, C. Desvallées, C. Patissier, and M. Corrias for administrative assistance, E. Jouanguy and Y. Itan for helpful discussions, S. Boucherit for clinical data collection, S. Jacques and the Cochin genomics platform for microarray experiments, and N. Goudin and R. Desveaux of the Necker Institute Imaging Facility., Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Garvan Institute of medical research, Immunité Innée - Innate Immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitäts Klinikum Freiburg = University Medical Center Freiburg (Uniklinik), Sydney Children's hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-New York University School of Medicine, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Beziat, Vivien, Li, Juan, Lin, Jian-Xin, Ma, Cindy S., Li, Peng, Bousfiha, Aziz, Pellier, Isabelle, Zoghi, Samaneh, Baris, Safa, Keles, Sevgi, Gray, Paul, Du, Ning, Wang, Yi, Zerbib, Yoann, Levy, Romain, Leclercq, Thibaut, About, Fredegonde, Lim, Ai Ing, Rao, Geetha, Payne, Kathryn, Pelham, Simon J., Avery, Danielle T., Deenick, Elissa K., Pillay, Bethany, Chou, Janet, Guery, Romain, Belkadi, Aziz, Guerin, Antoine, Migaud, Melanie, Rattina, Vimel, Ailal, Fatima, Benhsaien, Ibtihal, Bouaziz, Matthieu, Habib, Tanwir, Chaussabel, Damien, Marr, Nico, El-Benna, Jamel, Grimbacher, Bodo, Wargon, Orli, Bustamante, Jacinta, Boisson, Bertrand, Mueller-Fleckenstein, Ingrid, Fleckenstein, Bernhard, Chandesris, Marie-Olivia, Titeux, Matthias, Fraitag, Sylvie, Alyanakian, Marie-Alexandra, Leruez-Ville, Marianne, Picard, Capucine, Meyts, Isabelle, Di Santo, James P., Hovnanian, Alain, Somer, Ayper, Ozen, Ahmet, Rezaei, Nima, Chatila, Talal A., Abel, Laurent, Leonard, Warren J., Tangye, Stuart G., Puel, Anne, and Casanova, Jean-Laurent

Sofie Thurø Østergaard, Katherine Johnson, Tanya Stojkovic, Thomas Krag, Willem De Ridder, Peter De Jonghe, Jonathan Baets, Kristl G Claeys, Roberto Fernández-Torrón, Lauren Phillips, Ana Topf, Jaume Colomer, Shahriar Nafissi, Shirin Jamal-Omidi, Celine Bouchet-Seraphin, France Leturcq, Daniel G MacArthur, Monkol Lek, Liwen Xu, Isabelle Nelson, Volker Straub, John Vissing, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institut de Myologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp University Hospital [Edegem] (UZA), University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Biodonostia Health Research Institute [Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain] (IIS Biodonostia), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Allamand, Valérie

Hassan Abolhassani, Saeed Soleyman-Jahi, Asghar Aghamohammadi, Gholamreza Azizi, Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche, Nima Rezaei, Mark A. McKinlay, Reza Yazdani, Mohammadreza Shaghaghi, Children’s Medical Center [Tehran, Liban], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Alborz University of Medical Science [Karaj, Iran] (ABZUMS), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Center for Vaccine Equity, and Authors thank Dr. Shohreh Shahmahmoodi for her precious consultation in writing scientific discussion. Authors also thank Dr. Mona Irannejad, Dr. Amirafraz Fallah, and Dr. Mohammadnaser Jalalian for providing assistance in retrieving full-text articles.

Fatemeh Abedi, Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar, Ehsan Esnaashari, Vahid Mesgarzadeh, Imad About, Samar Esmailian, Pouyan Aminishakib, Mohammad Reza Ellini, Mehdi Sezavar, Hengameh Bakhtiar, Fereshteh Mosavi, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Nima Rezaei, Mohammad Bashashati, Moïse Coëffier, G. Talmon, Zhaoxiang Bian, Sharareh Moraveji, Richard W. McCallum, Shirin Moossavi, Chang Hwan Choi, Giovanni Barbara, Max Schmulson, Lin Chang, Oh-Young Lee, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Keith A. Sharkey, Magnus Simrén, Lena Öhman, Patrick A. Hughes, Cesare Cremon, Bashashati, M., Moossavi, S., Cremon, C., Barbaro, M.R., Moraveji, S., Talmon, G., Rezaei, N., Hughes, P.A., Bian, Z.X., Choi, C.H., Lee, O.Y., Coëffier, M., Chang, L., Ohman, L., Schmulson, M.J., McCallum, R.W., Simren, M., Sharkey, K.A., Barbara, G., Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), University of Bologna, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska System, University of Adelaide, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Chung-Ang University [Seoul], Hanyang University, Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau (ADEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de nutrition [CHU Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), and University of Calgary

Reza Heidari, Mostafa Akbariqomi, Gholamreza Tavoosidana, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Shilan Shafie, Mahdi Mortazavy, Reza Heidari, Jamshid Motaei, Paria Sadat Lavasani, Moloud Absalan, Naser Samadi, Sattar Akbari Nakhjavani, Hamid Kooshki, Mostafa Akbariqomi, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Moloud Absalan, Naser Samadi, Hamid Kooshki, Paria Sadat Lavasani, Sattar Akbari Nakhjavani, Mostafa Akbariqomi, Reza Heidari, Shilan Shafie, Mahdi Mortazavy, Jamshid Motaei, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Shi, Ting, McAllister, David, O'Brien, Katherine, Simoes, Eric, Madhi, Shabir, Gessner, Bradford, Polack, Fernando, Balsells, Evelyn, Acacio, Sozinho, Aguayo, Claudia, Alassani, Issifou, Ali, Asad, Antonio, Martin, Awasthi, Shally, Awori, Juliet, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Baggett, Henry, Baillie, Vicky, Balmaseda, Angel, Barahona, Alfredo, Basnet, Sudha, Bassat, Quique, Basualdo, Wilma, Bigogo, Godfrey, Bont, Louis, Breiman, Robert, Brooks, W Abdullah, Broor, Shobha, Bruce, Nigel, Bruden, Dana, Buchy, Philippe, Campbell, Stuart, Carosone-Link, Phyllis, Chadha, Mandeep, Chipeta, James, Chou, Monidarin, Clara, Wilfrido, Cohen, Cheryl, de Cuellar, Elizabeth, Dang, Duc-Anh, Dash-Yandag, Budragchaagiin, Deloria-Knoll, Maria, Dherani, Mukesh, Eap, Tekchheng, Ebruke, Bernard, Echavarria, Marcela, de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, Carla Cecília, Fasce, Rodrigo, Feikin, Daniel, Feng, Luzhao, Gentile, Angel, Gordon, Aubree, Goswami, Doli, Goyet, Sophie, Groome, Michelle, Halasa, Natasha, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Homaira, Nusrat, Howie, Stephen, Jara, Jorge, Jroundi, Imane, Kartasasmita, Cissy, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Kotloff, Karen, Krishnan, Anand, Libster, Romina, Lopez, Olga, Lucero, Marilla, Lucion, Florencia, Lupisan, Socorro, Marcone, Debora, McCracken, John, Mejia, Mario, Moisi, Jennifer, Montgomery, Joel, Moore, David, Moraleda, Cinta, Moyes, Jocelyn, Munywoki, Patrick, Mutyara, Kuswandewi, Nicol, Mark, Nokes, James, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, da Costa Oliveira, Maria, Oshitani, Histoshi, Pandey, Nitin, Paranhos-Baccalà, Gláucia, Phillips, Lia, Picot, Valentina Sanchez, Rahman, Mustafizur, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Mala, Rasmussen, Zeba, Rath, Barbara, Robinson, Annick, Romero, Candice, Russomando, Graciela, Salimi, Vahid, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Scheltema, Nienke, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Scott, J Anthony G, Seidenberg, Phil, Shen, Kunling, Singleton, Rosalyn, Sotomayor, Viviana, Strand, Tor, Sutanto, Agustinus, Sylla, Maria, Tapia, Milagritos, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Thomas, Elizabeth, Tokarz, Rafal, Turner, Claudia, Venter, Marietjie, Waicharoen, Sunthareeya, Wang, Jianwei, Watthanaworawit, Wanitda, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Yu, Hongjie, Zar, Heather, Campbell, Harry, Nair, Harish, University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Agence de Médecine Préventive, Ministry of Health [Togo], Aga Khan University, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), King George's Medical University, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Ministry of Public Health [Thailand], Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), Centre for International Health [Bergen, Norway], University of Bergen (UiB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Emory Global Health Institute [Atlanta] (EGHI), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], All India Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, University of Health Sciences [Phnom-Penh, Cambodia] (UHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Pediatric Hospital, University of Health Sciences – Cambodia, Public Health Institute of Chile, Austral University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Vanderbilt University [Nashville], KEM Hospital Research Center, University of Auckland [Auckland], Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, The University of Jordan (JU), Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Cape Town, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratoire des pathogènes émergents -- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory (LPE-Fondation Mérieux), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rollins School of Public Health, Centre d’Infectiologie Charles-Mérieux, Université d’Antananarivo - Madagascar, Université d'Antananarivo, National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Universidad Nacional de Asunción [Paraguay] (UNA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], University of Pretoria [South Africa], China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Gerardo Acosta-Jamett, Liina Kinkar, Francisco Ponce-Gordo, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Antti Lavikainen, Teivi Laurimäe, Sami Simsek, Steffen Rehbein, Gérald Umhang, Mitra Sharbatkhori, Eshrat Beigom Kia, Vanessa Andresiuk, Urmas Saarma, Hossein Mirhendi, Malik Irshadullah, University of Tartu, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (MUI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP), Firat University, University of Helsinki, Aligarh Muslim University, Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Universidad Austral de Chile, Merial GmbH, Medicum, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Seppo Meri / Principal Investigator, Immunobiology Research Program, and Research Programs Unit

Ibrahim Torktaz, Hossein Shahbani Zahiri, Kambiz Akbari Noghabi, Reza Heidari, Sara Sharifzadeh, Sarah Rajaei, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)

Corbel, Vincent, Fonseca, Dina M., Weetman, David, Pinto, João, Achee, Nicole L., Chandre, Fabrice, Coulibaly, Mamadou B., Dusfour, Isabelle, Grieco, John, Juntarajumnong, Waraporn, Lenhart, Audrey, Martins, Ademir J., Moyes, Catherine, Ng, Lee Ching, Raghavendra, Kamaraju, Vatandoost, Hassan, Vontas, John, Muller, Pie, Kasai, Shinji, Fouque, Florence, Velayudhan, Raman, Durot, Claire, David, Jean-Philippe, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Bamako [Mali], Unité d'entomologie médicale, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Kasetsart University (KU), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB-FORTH), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], National Institute of Infectious Diseases [Tokyo], World Health Organisation (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Vector borne diseases and pathogens (VBD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and University of Oxford

Ali Akbar Saboury, Mohammad Raoufi, Eng-Poh Ng, Alireza Lotfabadi, Rassoul Dinarvand, Mohammad Javad Hajipour, Ebrahim Barzegari, Morteza Mahmoudi, Hossein Derakhshankhah, Svetlana Mintova, Hussein Awala, Maryam Ferdousi, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, University of Tehran, Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Laboratoire catalyse et spectrochimie (LCS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)

Mahsa Eskian, Nima Rezaei, MirHojjat Khorasanizadeh, Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré, Cancer Immunology Protect (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Research Center for Immunodeficiencies [Tehran, Iran], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] (UNICANCER/ICO), UNICANCER, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de Médecine Nucléaire [Nantes], Hôpital Laennec, Department of Immunology [Tehran, Iran], Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), and Bernardo, Elizabeth