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This study was conducted in Gimbi district, West Wollega zone to understand the traditional handling, processing and utilization of milk and milk products. 128 households were selected based on ownership of dairy cows, milk processing, handling, and utilization practice. Accordingly, Lantana trifolia (Kusaayee), Ocimum sanctum (Basoobilaa), Olea Africana (Qoraasuma) and Deinboll (Dabaqqa) were the most commonly cleaning and smoking plant species in the district. Yoghurt-like fermented/sour milk, traditional butter, traditional ghee, cottage cheese (Ayib), buttermilk and whey were the major milk products produced in the district. Women preserve butter by mixing with spices such as Zingiber officinale (Jinjibila), Allium sativum (Qulubbii adii), Ocimum (Siqaqibee) and Trigonella foenum (Sunqoo). Out of the total daily milk produced, most of it was processed (70.5%), 8% was sold while the left was consumed within the household (21.5%). Among milk and milk products produced, only butter was supplied to local markets. Lack of cooling facilities; low volume of milk production; unimproved milk processing materials and limited knowledge on handling and processing of milk and milk products were the major constraints. Recognizing the importance milk and milk products to the producing household nutrition, health and income, development interventions are required to boost production, improve the quality of the products and efficiency of the traditional milk processing equipment.

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Gedeb Asasa district of West Arsi zone, Ethiopia from November 2016 to April 2017 to identify and determine prevalence of small ruminant lungworm species and assess potential risk factors. A total of 400 fecal samples were randomly collected from 288 sheep and 112 goats in the study area and collected samples were cultured and first stage larvae (L1) were isolated using modified Baerman technique. Isolated first stage larvae (L1) were examined and identified morphologically using microscope. The present study recorded an overall prevalence of 44.8%. The prevalence of lungworm infection by animal species was determined to be (45.5%) and (42.9%) for sheep and goat, respectively. The study identified three lungworm nematode species of small ruminants: Dictyocaulus filaria, Muelleris capillaris, Protostronylus rufescens along with mixed infection by coprological larval morphology identification system with respective prevalence of 17%, 14.5%, 5.3% and 8% applying descriptive statistics. Statistically, higher lungworm infection rate in female (48.8%) recorded compared to male (37.5%), in young (53.3%) compared to adult (36.3%) in animals with poor body condition (66.9%) followed by medium (37.5%) and good body condition (31.9%) animals and non- dewormed animals (49.2%) compared to dewormed ones (37.2%). To determine the existence of association between the disease and risk factors (sex, animal origin, animal species, age, body condition, anthelmintic treatment), Chi-Square statistics was employed and only four (sex, age, body condition, anthelmintic treatment) were found to have association with the disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed the existence of statistically significant impact (P

Developments in biotechnology would provide many new opportunities for livestock agriculture, human medicine, and animal conservation. Nuclear cloning involves the production of animals that are genetically identical to the donor cells used in a technique known as nuclear transfer. However, at present it is an inefficient process in farm animal and small number of the embryos transferred to the reproductive tracts of recipient mother result in healthy, long-term surviving clones. Recent cloning research also reveals high failure rates, premature deaths, and dysfunctioning of internal organs. Food products from healthy clones, i.e. meat or milk, did not differ from products from healthy conventionally bred animals. Even though the food products of cloned animals showed no differences with conventional offspring or products, throughout the world, there is significant public opposition to the introduction of meat and milk from cloned animals and their progeny into the food supply. Cloning also threatens the welfare of surrogate mothers, the underlying health of the animals and the next generation, the consequential effect on food safety are critical aspects that require investigation to gain regulatory and consumer acceptance. Data on clones of farmed species for food production other than cattle and pigs have remained limited and do not allow for assessment of food safety or animal health and welfare aspects.

Alfisols, Vertisols, Inceptisols, Aridisols, Mollisols, and Entisols were sampled (0–30 cm) from 32 locations across Ethiopia. The soils were analyzed for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) contents using 0.005 M diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), 0.05 M hydrochloric acid (HC1), and 0.02 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) extractants. EDTA extracted more of each micronutrient than DTPA, which extracted greater amounts than HC1. The quantities of EDTA and DTPA‐extractable micronutrients were significantly correlated, and were in the order: Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn. The order of HCl‐extractable micronutrients was Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu. Micronutrient contents of Mollisols, Vertisols, and Alfisols were usually greater than those of the other soils, and Entisols usually had the lowest micronutrient contents. The contents were mostly positively correlated with clay and Fe2O3 contents, but negatively correlated with soil pH and A12O3contents. While comparison of DTPA‐ and EDTA‐extractable ...