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espanolIntroduccion. De entre la oferta actual de television de pago destaca el impacto de los operadores OTT (servicios audiovisuales en streaming) en la transformacion del panorama actual del mercado audiovisual espanol. Objetivos e Hipotesis. El objetivo general consiste enanalizar la situacion actual del panorama televisivo en Espana y compararlo con los datos disponibles acerca de la irrupcion de los operadores OTT. Partimos de la hipotesis que plantea una situacion inicial de crecimiento hacia un modelo saturado pero degran alcance, lo que permite fragmentar las audiencias aun mas pero que pone en discusion el modelo lineal televisivo y plantea serias cuestiones acerca de la viabilidad de su modelo de negocio. Metodo. Se llevo a cabo una revision exhaustiva de la informacion publicada por fuentes secundarias, bien periodicas o no, de ambito nacional, asi como de prensa especializada. Resultados.Se confirma el descenso del consumo de television lineal en beneficio de la IPTV y los OTTs. En Espana los ingresos de la television de pago se equiparan a los de la television en abierto, confirmando el cambio de modelo hacia un sistema de television basado en el video bajo demanda y los dispositivos moviles. El mercado de los OTT es cada vez mas diverso pero se encuentra muy concentrado en solo dos operadores, Netflix y HBO Espana. Conclusiones. Se confirma la hipotesis al encontrar un panorama audiovisual saturado que supone un beneficio para los espectadores en tanto al incremento de la calidad de las producciones, especialmente las relacionadas con la ficcion, pero que conlleva tambien un problema de visibilidad de los contenidos y un problema de agotamiento para los espectadores. EnglishIntroduction. Among the current pay television offer, the impact of OTT operators (streaming audiovisual services) in the transformation of the current panorama of the Spanish audiovisual market stands out.Objectives and Hypotheses. The generalobjective is to analyze the current situation of the television panorama in Spain and compare it with the available data about the emergence of OTT operators. We start from the hypothesis that it raises an initial growth situation towards a saturated but powerful model, which makes it possible to fragment audiences even more, but which calls into question the linear television model and raises serious questions about the viability of its business model. Method.An exhaustive review of the information published by secondary sources, whether periodic or not, at the national level, as well as of the specialized presswas carried out. Results.The decrease in linear television consumption in benefit of IPTV and OTTs is confirmed. In Spain, pay television revenues are equal to those of free-to-air television, confirming the change of model towards a television system based on video-on-demandand mobile devices. The OTT market is increasingly diverse but is highly concentrated in just two operators, Netflix and HBO Spain.Conclusions.The hypothesis is confirmed by finding a saturated audiovisual panorama that represents a benefit for viewers in terms of increasing the quality of productions, especially those related to fiction, but which also entails a problem of visibility of the contents and a problem of exhaustion for the spectators.

Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) is currently the first-line treatment for biliary atresia. Many pediatric surgeons have reported that the dissection of the fibrous remnant at the porta hepatis is one of the most important components of this procedure. Furthermore, laparoscopic portoenterostomy is being increasingly used to treat biliary atresia.An advantage of laparoscopic surgery is that surgeons can more easily identify microbiliary ducts, owing to the magnification. We report the case of a 61-day-old girl on whom we performed an exploratory laparotomy and diagnosed type III biliary atresia using intraoperative cholangiography. For the first time, we performed an open KPE using an 8K ultra-high-definition television system. This allowed us to clearly view the porta hepatis and to successfully perform the portoenterostomy.

O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer uma leitura analítica de dados recentes sobre a presença e a intensidade da difusão de conteúdo religioso por meio do sistema de televisão aberta no Brasil. Sabendo que a recepção de conteúdo via TV aberta é ainda uma poderosa ferramenta de comunicação de massa, relacionamos a presença de conteúdo religioso nesse modal de mídia com o conceito de proselitismo, propondo uma reflexão crítica sobre a importância da presença no ambiente televisivo para as denominações religiosas. Para tanto, utilizamos dois instrumentos metodológicos: a leitura analítica de dados estatísticos já disponíveis e uma revisão de bibliografia com referências que ajudam a embasar teoricamente a discussão. Procuramos demonstrar que a inserção das comunidades religiosas no ambiente midiático é uma ferramenta profícua para a implantação de uma estratégia de proselitismo; e que, em contrapartida, a exposição de diversas e múltiplas denominações leva a um ambiente concorrencial que induz facilmente ao trânsito de fiéis entre comunidades.

The most recent standard for broadcast services, Advanced Television System Committee—Third Generation (ATSC 3.0), has adopted co-located multi-antenna schemes and Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) in order to increase the capacity and reliability compared to former Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) systems. ATSC 3.0 has adopted both technologies separately, but no combination of them is planned yet. Compared to baseline LDM case, use of several antennas allows for diverse parametrization for each layer. This paper analyzes the potential combination of co-located Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output (MIMO) schemes with LDM. A trade-off analysis between complexity constraints and performance benefits is evaluated.

Hamamatsu-city is the birth place of television, invented by Prof. Kenjiro Takayanagi in 1926. He had dreamed of developing something that had not existed ever before. And there was no electric television system at that time, therefore, he decided to develop television technology.

This paper presents an efficient depth estimation technique for depth image-based rendering process in the 3-D television system. It uses three depth cues, namely linear perspective, motion information, and texture characteristics, to estimate the depth of an image. In addition, suitable weights are assigned to different components of the image based on their relative perspective position of either the foreground or the background in the scene. Experimental results on publicly available datasets validate the usefulness of the proposed technique for efficient estimation of depth maps.

The relationship between temporal contiguity of mothers’ teaching behaviors and children’s imitation learning was investigated. Participants (2-year-old children) observed their mothers’ demonstration of using novel toys over a double television system under live and delayed conditions. The dyads normally interacted in the live condition, whereas they interacted with a 1-s time delay inserted between the children’s actions and mothers’ responses in the delayed condition. Then, the children were tested with identical toys. Results indicated that children’s smiling responses and imitation performances were significantly decreased in the delayed condition compared with the live condition, although mothers’ teaching approach did not differ between conditions. These results suggest that a subtle temporal delay in mothers’ responses could affect young children’s imitation learning.

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of successive B frames using compression techniques (H.264 and H.265) and resolution (4K, 2K, Full HD and SD) when changing their quality in a television system. The analysis was done for a case when the number of successive B frames in the Group of Pictures (GOP) was B = 0 and B = 4. The results obtained for analysis parameters: compression ratio, Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), bitrate, P frames and B frames are presented by tables and graphics, based on which conclusions were made.

Orientadores: Yuzo Iano, Vicente Idalberto Becerra Sablon Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação Resumo: Apresenta-se neste trabalho uma metodologia que permite transmitir com segurança as informações no SBTVD ¿ Sistema brasileiro de Televisão digital. O modelo baseia-se no acesso a web service em aplicações de TVD interativas. A proposta têm como base a proteção da informação, via mecanismos de controle, contra possíveis ameaças ¿ seja por ação intencional, mau uso do aplicativo, defeitos ou falhas na programação ¿ que ocorram onde a informação estiver sendo criada, processada, armazenada ou transmitida. Uma implementação real dos serviços propostos serve como prova do conceito da eficácia no uso da metodologia apresentada. Na avaliação dos resultados realizada foi possível obter uma visão geral da situação atual em que se encontra a gestão da segurança da informação da organização, bem como verificar os pontos que estão de acordo com a normatização e daqueles que necessitam aprimoramentos no SBTVD Abstract: This paper presents a methodology to securely transmit information in the SBTVD ¿ Brazilian Television Digital System. The model builds on noted access to web service in interactive digital TV applications. The proposal promotes the protection of information, mechanisms for control against possible threats - whether by intentional action, misuse of the application, defects or fail-ures in programming - that occur where information is being created, processed, stored or transmitted. A real implementation of the proposed services serves as proof of concept of the ef-fectiveness in the use of the methodology presented. In the evaluation of the results was performed can get an overview of the current situation that is managing the organization's information security, as well as verification of the points that conform to standards and those that need enhancements in the¿ Brazilian Television Digital System Doutorado Telecomunicações e Telemática Doutora em Engenharia Elétrica

Method for obtaining a 3D image using a CCD sensor is proposed. A prototype that implements the proposed method is developed. Received and processed data using a prototype. Using the prototype, experimental data on the distance to the test objects were obtained. Based on the data obtained, a depth map was built. The accuracy of the built depth map is 5 сm.

The beginning of 3 millennium marks evolutionary development of telecommunication and communication branch, including digital TV and broadcasting. It was promoted by introduction of new digital integrated microcircuits, computer engineering, use of new transformation methods, processing, compression and archiving, and also digital methods of great volumes signals modulation. For today all over the world create a global information infrastructure, a special place in which the multipurpose interactive video information system occupies. And it is not casual after all over 80 % of the information the person receives through organ of vision. Basing on the theoretical and experimental research results for last 25 years, structural principles of perspective television system, actually video informational system (VIS) for multipurpose application or multifunctional video informational system (MFVIS) are stated in this chapterk. The possibility and expediency of interactive and integrated broadcasting TV system designing necessary for society provision with information on its base is also considered.

The paper provides a functional solution for design and implementation of multimedia TV systems from a technical and practical aspect. The multimedia TV system can be used as the educational laboratory and in the TV content production. The paper shows structure of a TV system, functional block diagram of implemented video and audio system with enabled connections of the devices in the system. In paper is presented a method for connecting TV equipment for professional production and broadcasting but also can be used as educational laboratory. The implemented TV system is designed to produce content of various video formats, so that content can be transmitted and produced up to 4K resolution. The laboratory is designed in that way where all signals that are received and sent can be analyzed and measured. The laboratory is implemented at a higher education institution and also can be implemented in other educational institutions, as well as in professional television stations.

The single frequency network (SFN) is a popular solution in modern digital audio and television system networks for extending effective coverage, compared to its traditional single-transmitter counterpart. As benefits of this configuration appear to be obvious, this paper focuses on the exact analysis of so-called SFN gain&mdash, a quantitative effect of advantage in terms of the received signal strength. The investigations cover a statistical analysis of SFN gain values, obtained by means of computer simulations, with respect to the factors influencing the coverage, i.e., the protection level, the reception mode (fixed, portable, mobile), and the receiver location (outdoor, indoor). The analyses conclude with an observation that the most noteworthy contribution of the SFN gain is observed on the far edges of the networks, and the least one close to the transmitters. It is also observed that the highest values of the SFN gain can be expected in the fixed mode, while the protection level has the lowest impact.

In contrast to photomechanics, the electronic reproduction system essentially has the same basic properties as a single-frame TV. The first television system [1] was proposed shortly after the internal photoelectric effect of selenium was discovered in the mid-nineteenth century. However, one of the main technical obstacles for the implementation of the TV idea was the transition from photographic full-format to element-by-element processing and image transmission. Simultaneous generation and transmission of all image elements would require connecting each of the TV transmitter elements by a separate wire with the corresponding pixel of a receiver. According to the standard of modern broadcast TV for example, this way of connecting cables would require more than half a million wires.

This work presents a video-camera-based fire/smoke sensing technique for early warning in antifire surveillance systems. By exploiting R-CNN (Region Convolutional Neural Network), a detection technique is developed for the measurement of the smoke and fire characteristics in restricted video surveillance environments, both indoor (e.g. a railway carriage, container, bus wagon, homes, offices), or outdoor (e.g. storage or parking areas). The considered application scenario, to reduce costs, is composed of a single, fixed camera per scene, working in the visible spectral range already installed in a closed-circuit television system for surveillance purposes. The training phase is done with indoor and outdoor image sets, with both smoke and non-smoke scenarios to assess the capability of true-positive/true-negative detection and false-positive/false-negative rejection. To generate the training set, a Ground Truth Labeler app is used and applied to the open-access Firesense dataset, including tens of indoor and outdoor fire/ smoke scenes developed as the output of an FP7 project, plus other videos not publicly available, provided by Trenitalia during specific fire/smoke tests on railway wagons performed at their testing facility in Osmannoro, Italy. The achieved results show that the proposed R-CNN technique is suitable for the creation of a smart video-surveillance system for fire/smoke detection.

Regulatory, commercial and technological changes within Australian media after November 1986, when taken in conjunction with changes in business, politics and government regulation, reshaped the culture of television in Australia towards a high communications policy. The changes towards a high communications policy saw the Australian television industry further integrated with the international television system. The Australian Broadcasting Tribunal took an increasingly hands-off approach to broadcast regulation in the late 1980s as evidenced in its 1987 decision to lift restrictions on the amount of advertising shown on commercial television as a trial of industry self-regulation. Understandings of television are taking new forms to accommodate changes in what is possible to contest politically. Regional Television Australia, the buying consortium set up by the regional stations, was also involved in importing programs and in producing its own program segments for members.

El presente artículo presenta y analiza las características estructurales de la organización del sistema televisivo en tres de las principales ciudades argentinas, en particular en Córdoba y Rosario, a partir de las relaciones de propiedad, asociación y provisión de programación desde los canales cabecera situados en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). Cuatro de los canales que emiten en Córdoba y Rosario son comerciales y privados, mientras que hay uno de tipo estatal universitario, que pertenece a la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. El análisis comprende la situación de la tv de conglomerados urbanos de gran importancia, como Córdoba y Rosario, tomando en cuenta las tendencias históricas inherentes al sistema de medios de la Argentina, la vinculación societaria de las emisoras de las ciudades mencionadas, los ingresos por publicidad oficial y las capacidades productivas instaladas. This article presents and analyzes the structural characteristics of the organization of the television system in three of the main Argentine cities, in particular Córdoba and Rosario, based on the relations of ownership, association and provision of programming from the main channels located in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA). Four of the channels that broadcast in Córdoba and Rosario are commercial and private, while there is one which is state university owned, which belongs to the National University of Córdoba. The analysis includes the situation of the TV of urban conglomerates of great importance, such as Córdoba and Rosario, taking into account the historical trends inherent in the media system of Argentina, the corporate linkage of the stations of the mentioned cities, advertising revenue official and the installed productive capacities. Fil: Becerra, Martín. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Marino, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes y Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fil: Rodríguez Miranda, Carla. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Fil: Sosa, Florencia Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina.

The paper presents a method that allows you to adjust the transmitted signal by the available color coordinates from the output of the light-signal converter and data on the light source, thereby subtracting the effect of the light source. It is proposed to use the color perception model to build a set of colors in an equal-contrast color space. Analytical expressions for constructing optimal spectra for given color coordinates are presented. A rule is presented by which decisions are made in which colors should be adjusted. The research presented is an example of an ultra-high-definition television system.

Using a sample of 14 television systems and 29 television stations, we investigate the effect of two media systems dimensions on sensational news coverage: the television system dependency on commercial revenues and audience fragmentation. At the aggregate level, both audience fragmentation and the dependence on commercial revenue yield significant effects on three forms of sensationalism. In more fragmented/competitive markets, sensationalism (1) in topics—for commercial channels—and (2) in formal features—for both channel types—is higher. However, the analysis reveals that (3) not fragmentation but rather dependency on commercial revenues stimulates the use of vivid storytelling. While the use of sensational formal features does not (significantly) depend on channel type, both topics and storytelling are clearly more sensational on commercial channels. The results shed light on the behavior of public broadcasters in various media systems contexts, pointing out their increased role and importance as counterbalance in highly fragmented systems.

In this paper we present our work towards an effective solution for detection of dangerous objects, such as firearms or knives in a Closed Circuit Television System. We have gathered a large, manually annotated dataset of recordings supplemented by our original artificial sample generation method. We have used this dataset for training of a convolutional neural network. We present our approach and training results. We have also implemented and present software architecture that implements the neural network. We have shown, that the convolutional neural networks are well suited even for such complex object detection task, when provided with enough training samples.

The issues of color distortion are discussed using the example of a television screen and the current standard television system. The chromaticity distortions between the original and its image on the TV screen obtained with standard color corrector circuits in the camera channel of the TV system are presented. A color correction method substantially suppressing these color distortions in the television receiver is proposed.

In the wake of the Federal Communication Commission's 1952 Sixth Report and Order, which established plans for a nationwide television system, it became clear that traditional station allocations c...

The theoretical positions of the pairwise distance method have been developed as applied to the determination of the radius of a spherical surface with shape deviation. To implement the method, the reference points are placed on the surface under investigation and linear distances are measured between them. The most general case of radius determination is considered, when pairwise distances are measured with errors, and the sphere has random deviations of shape. The considered approach is the development of the method for determining the radius of a spherical surface over distances measured between four points located on the surface. The specified number of points is the minimum necessary to solve the problem. The implementation of the method for determining the radius of a spherical surface over distances measured between an arbitrary, large, 4-number of points located on the surface is presented. In the framework of the developed method, analytical expressions for the radius of a spherical surface are obtained through distances between pairs of points and the root-mean-square deviations of errors in the estimates of the radius caused by errors in measuring distances and deviation of the shape are calculated. Conditions for the optimality of the configurations of a given number of points on the sphere that ensure the minimal variance of the estimate of the radius are determined. The method makes it possible to exclude the use of expensive coordinate machines to obtain a radius estimate, since a simple serial measuring tool can be used to measure pair distances. The evaluation of parameters by the pairwise distances method is suitable in the case of large discontinuous surfaces, when the measured surface is only a part of the total surface, direct measurements are impossible due to the inaccessibility of the measuring bases. The method was applied in a complex of works on the evaluation of the parameters of the alignment of a television system for measuring the angular position of a dynamic stand with a gas support.

Various endoscopic devices have been developed for advanced minimally invasive surgery. We recently applied a new 8K ultra-high-definition television system during laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis. The procedure, which is described in detail, stands as the first reported application of an 8K ultra-high-definition system for laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Comparison is made between depiction of the lesion by the new system and depiction by a full high-definition system. Improved diagnostic accuracy resulted from the increased image resolution, and we believe that this and other advantages will lead to widespread acceptance and further application of 8K ultra-high-definition systems in the field of gynecologic surgery.

The article presents issues concerning the power supply systems of closed-circuit television systems used at a highway toll collection point. The general diagram of the power supply system was presented, and then the reliability analysis was conducted. This enabled to develop a relationships graph, on the basis of which the Chapman–Kolmogorov system of equations describing it was created. On this basis, it was possible to set the relationships allowing to calculate the probability values of the system’s staying (in symbolic terms) in the following functional states: of full ability SPZ, of non-full ability SZB1 and SZB2, and of unfitness SB.

This article draws upon content analytic and survey data from a 12-nation comparative study to examine the question of content-interest correspondence (CIC) regarding foreign news on television. That is, to what extent do the contents of foreign news aired on television match the interests that viewers have regarding foreign news? Treating CIC as a variable, the data show that, among the nations studied, CIC concerning foreign countries covered in the news is generally stronger than CIC regarding news topics. At the same time, the analysis examines whether the level of CIC relates to several national, media system, and viewer characteristics. The analysis shows that larger nations exhibit higher levels of CIC regarding topics and lower levels of CIC regarding countries. Also, CIC regarding news topics is lower in countries where the ownership and revenue structure of the television system leans toward commercialism and where television news focuses more heavily on soft news. Implications of the findings and directions for further research are discussed.