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BackgroundVisual impairment in developing countries has both social and economic impact on individuals and communities. Understanding the subjective visual functioning of populations will allow for local policymakers to identify the need for optometric or ophthalmic services in their communities.MethodsThe authors surveyed 644 adult patients in Mwanza, Tanzania at three clinics (Buzuruga, Mwananchi and Kisesa) using a modified Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25. Responses were categorized into General health, General vision, Ocular pain, Near activities, Distance activities, Social function, Mental health, Role difficulties, Color vision, Peripheral vision and Dependency.ResultsPatients at Buzuruga reported the lowest scores on most subscales. Of 100 employed patients, 37% claimed to have at least some difficulty in performing job duties due to their eyesight. At Kisesa, 146 (246/221) patients (66.1%) had never had an eye exam, compared with 134/227 (59.0%) at Buzuruga and 69/173 (39.9%) at Mwananchi (p

The overall rate of suicide between 1999 and 2017 increased by 33% in the United States. We sought to examine suicide attempts in the trauma patient population, hypothesizing that in adult trauma patients race and lack of insurance status would be predictors of suicide attempt. The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2010–2016) was queried for trauma patients ≥18 years old. The primary outcome was suicide attempt. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed including covariates that influence risk of suicide attempt. From 1,403,466 adult trauma admissions, 16,263 (1.2%) patients attempted suicide. Death after suicide attempt occurred in 30.2% of patients. Independent predictors of suicide attempt were age < 40 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.41, 1.51], p <.001) and no insurance (OR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.85, 2.00], p <.001). Black (vs. White) race was associated with decreased risk of suicide attempt (OR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.60, 0.67], p <.001). Hispanic (versus non-Hispanic) patients demonstrated lower associated risk of suicide attempt by gun (OR = 0.50, 95% CI [0.45, 0.54], p <.001), while Asian (vs. White) patients exhibited higher risk of suicide attempt overall (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.12, 1.39], p <.001) and more specifically by knife (OR = 2.55, 95% CI [2.16, 3.00], p <.001). Age younger than 40 years and lack of insurance were associated with higher risk of suicide attempt in adult trauma patients. Asian race was associated with the highest risk of suicide, with >2.5 times increased risk of attempt by knife. Awareness of these demographic-specific risk factors for suicide attempt, and in particular violent mechanisms of suicide attempt, is critical to implementation of effective suicide prevention efforts. Age younger than 40 and no insurance were associated with risk of suicide attempt. Black (vs. White) race was associated with decreased risk of suicide attempt. Asian race was associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt with a knife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]