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As professional and academic theatres re-opened their doors to the public for the 2021/2022 season, the first following the Covid-19 lockdowns, they decided upon plays to welcome back artists and audiences. Curiously, more than 35 American theatres chose Shakespeare's The Tempest as their inaugural post-lockdown production. This paper examines the reasons for the continued presence of The Tempest on American stages, reading the anti-Black rhetoric inherent in the text – particularly around Caliban – against the increased national attention to racial equity and justice that resulted from the 2020 murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. I interrogate how the play came to be seen as an 'essential' Shakespearean text in a post-lockdown America, ultimately concluding that what is essential about The Tempest is not found within Shakespeare's text, but in the social demand that producing the play places on theatres who wish to reframe the play as anti-racist. In other words, the conditions of the post-lockdown Tempest enable us to see the changing face of American theatre-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of unintended compromising emissions from Video Display Units (VDUs) is an important topic in research communities. This paper examines the feasibility of recovering the information displayed on the monitor from reconstructed video frames. The study holds particular significance for our understanding of security vulnerabilities associated with the electromagnetic radiation of digital displays. Considering the amount of noise that reconstructed TEMPEST video frames have, the work in this paper focuses on two different approaches to de-noising images for efficient optical character recognition. First, an Adaptive Wiener Filter (AWF) with adaptive window size implemented in the spatial domain was tested, and then a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with an encoder–decoder structure that follows both classical auto-encoder model architecture and U-Net architecture (auto-encoder with skip connections). These two techniques resulted in an improvement of more than two times on the Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) for AWF and up to four times for the SSIM for the Deep Learning (DL) approach. In addition, to validate the results, the possibility of text recovery from processed noisy frames was studied using a state-of-the-art Tesseract Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine. The present work aims to bring to attention the security importance of this topic and the non-negligible character of VDU information leakages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emissions often include information about the data processed by electronic devices. Intrusion based on an unintentional EM emission leaves no evidence of an attacker's activity, while the data owner is unaware that it has been lost. EM attacks can be performed without physically damaging a device that operates regularly. The most typical intrusion activities involve sensitive data exfiltration using various methods that do not require the physical connection of devices to the computer network or communication channels. This research examines EM emissions from computer monitors, wireless keyboards and mice, printers, scanners, conductors, piezoelectric sensors (PES), and radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. The telecommunication electronics material protected from emanating spurious transmissions (TEMPEST) profiling as a performance engineering of the EM footprint is discussed. This study also presents different TEMPEST standards and highlights their importance concerning unintentional EM radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of computer and electronic technologies, the importance of cyber-electronic warfare has gradually increased, accentuating the role of information security. Recently, several countries have been actively researching the capture of electromagnetic waves emitted from computer monitors to reconstruct their displays. If confidential data displayed on a screen were to be stolen by attackers, they could potentially pose significant security threats, even at the national level. Therefore, this study explored a means of preventing information leakage via electromagnetic waves, specifically proposing using TEMPEST-resistant fonts and additional TEMPEST-resistant possibilities by utilizing font, text, and background colors in response to security threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Engineer / Hadmérnök is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid evolution of the digital landscape through advancements in electronic devices, wireless communication, and electromagnetic wave technologies has brought both convenience and new security concerns. One such security challenge is TEMPEST (Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Emanation Standard), which exploits electromagnetic waves for potential information leakage. This paper focuses on analyzing and restoring leaked electromagnetic waves, particularly in the context of video systems operating under identical clock frequencies-a scenario not adequately addressed by previous researches. The main content involves presenting and experimentally verifying a method for identifying leaked electromagnetic waves from systems with identical clock frequencies by analyzing electromagnetic characteristics related to frequency and phase.

The information technology and communication (IT&C) market consists of computing and telecommunication technology systems, which also include a variety of audio devices. Preserving the confidentiality of transmitted information through these devices stands as a critical concern across various domains and businesses. Notably, spurious electromagnetic emanations emitted by audio devices can be captured and processed, potentially leading to eavesdropping incidents. The evaluation of electronic devices for potential security vulnerabilities often involves employing Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Emanation Standard (TEMPEST) technology. This paper introduces a novel approach to TEMPEST testing specifically tailored for audio devices. The outcomes of the proposed approach offer valuable insights into TEMPEST equipment testing, aiming to mitigate the potential risks posed by threats exploitable by eavesdroppers in everyday scenarios. The present work delves into the examination of two ubiquitous global electronic devices: a notebook and a pair of in-ear headphones. The symmetrical framework of this study arises from the intrinsic similarity that, despite belonging to distinct categories, both devices possess the capability to emit electromagnetic emissions that contain compromised audio signals. This assertion is substantiated by the measurement results presented herein. The proposed methodology involves the analysis of the audio amplitude modulation (AM) demodulated signal in the frequency domain. This innovative approach not only mitigates operator fatigue but also significantly reduces the testing time required for these devices and instrument running hours and leads to the development of new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of unintended compromising emissions from Video Display Units (VDUs) is an important topic in research communities. This paper examines the feasibility of recovering the information displayed on the monitor from reconstructed video frames. The study holds particular significance for our understanding of security vulnerabilities associated with the electromagnetic radiation of digital displays. Considering the amount of noise that reconstructed TEMPEST video frames have, the work in this paper focuses on two different approaches to de-noising images for efficient optical character recognition. First, an Adaptive Wiener Filter (AWF) with adaptive window size implemented in the spatial domain was tested, and then a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with an encoder–decoder structure that follows both classical auto-encoder model architecture and U-Net architecture (auto-encoder with skip connections). These two techniques resulted in an improvement of more than two times on the Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) for AWF and up to four times for the SSIM for the Deep Learning (DL) approach. In addition, to validate the results, the possibility of text recovery from processed noisy frames was studied using a state-of-the-art Tesseract Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine. The present work aims to bring to attention the security importance of this topic and the non-negligible character of VDU information leakages.

Sensitive information can have its security compromised by unintentional electromagnetic emissions from the information technology equipment (ITE) being used to process it. It is important to assess the likelihood of a potential compromise, and this requires radio frequency (RF) engineering expertise to predict the likelihood of the vulnerability occurring. This paper describes the development of a fuzzy inference system that can be used to assess the radiated and conducted vulnerability likelihood of unintentional electromagnetic emanations. The system has the potential to be a valuable tool for cybersecurity practitioners without RF expertise. The system has been tested on office-based ITE devices, and it is effective in predicting the likelihood of radiated and conducted vulnerabilities occurring. Areas of future work include extending the fuzzy inference system to use RF propagation models and enabling it to make vulnerability likelihood predictions after countermeasures have been applied.

Unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emissions often include information about the data processed by electronic devices. Intrusion based on an unintentional EM emission leaves no evidence of an attacker’s activity, while the data owner is unaware that it has been lost. EM attacks can be performed without physically damaging a device that operates regularly. The most typical intrusion activities involve sensitive data exfiltration using various methods that do not require the physical connection of devices to the computer network or communication channels. This research examines EM emissions from computer monitors, wireless keyboards and mice, printers, scanners, conductors, piezoelectric sensors (PES), and radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. The telecommunication electronics material protected from emanating spurious transmissions (TEMPEST) profiling as a performance engineering of the EM footprint is discussed. This study also presents different TEMPEST standards and highlights their importance concerning unintentional EM radiation.

Sensitive information can have its security compromised by unintentional electromagnetic emissions from the information technology equipment (ITE) being used to process it. It is important to assess the likelihood of a potential compromise, and this requires radio frequency (RF) engineering expertise to predict the likelihood of the vulnerability occurring. This paper describes the development of a fuzzy inference system that can be used to assess the radiated and conducted vulnerability likelihood of unintentional electromagnetic emanations. The system has the potential to be a valuable tool for cybersecurity practitioners without RF expertise. The system has been tested on office-based ITE devices, and it is effective in predicting the likelihood of radiated and conducted vulnerabilities occurring. Areas of future work include extending the fuzzy inference system to use RF propagation models and enabling it to make vulnerability likelihood predictions after countermeasures have been applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When one thinks about TEMPEST and compromising electromagnetic emissions, he might think that everything is possible only with the help of sophisticated and expensive dedicated field equipment. Due to the technological evolution and the appearance of small and affordable broadband receivers with notable capabilities, the analysis of compromising electromagnetic emissions has become much easier to achieve but also led to an increased risk in terms of information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information technology and communication (IT&C) market consists of computing and telecommunication technology systems, which also include a variety of audio devices. Preserving the confidentiality of transmitted information through these devices stands as a critical concern across various domains and businesses. Notably, spurious electromagnetic emanations emitted by audio devices can be captured and processed, potentially leading to eavesdropping incidents. The evaluation of electronic devices for potential security vulnerabilities often involves employing Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Emanation Standard (TEMPEST) technology. This paper introduces a novel approach to TEMPEST testing specifically tailored for audio devices. The outcomes of the proposed approach offer valuable insights into TEMPEST equipment testing, aiming to mitigate the potential risks posed by threats exploitable by eavesdroppers in everyday scenarios. The present work delves into the examination of two ubiquitous global electronic devices: a notebook and a pair of in-ear headphones. The symmetrical framework of this study arises from the intrinsic similarity that, despite belonging to distinct categories, both devices possess the capability to emit electromagnetic emissions that contain compromised audio signals. This assertion is substantiated by the measurement results presented herein. The proposed methodology involves the analysis of the audio amplitude modulation (AM) demodulated signal in the frequency domain. This innovative approach not only mitigates operator fatigue but also significantly reduces the testing time required for these devices and instrument running hours and leads to the development of new applications.

This paper investigates the electromagnetic interference characteristics of the transition-minimized differential signaling (TMDS) scheme, which is a well-known technology of rapid serial data transmission, from a radio communication perspective. Such scrutiny regarding the leaking phenomenon inspires a pseudo model of the compromising signal model, which can simultaneously consider behavioral features of the software-defined radio with a simple RF front-end measuring the leakage. In this work, a conceptual explanation with mathematical formulations in implementing the pseudo model has been presented. Subsequently, by merging the model with various extra noises being in nature, the model can be utilized to facilitate and quantify the possibility of information extraction from the defected electromagnetic signatures. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that there are asynchronous problems due to inevitable timing errors in video display devices, even with a sophisticated acquisition system, and it turns out to be fatal for the frame-averaging scheme conducted before the signal demodulation. In view of these challenges, we have formulated a synchronizing scheme and verified the validity by utilizing the pseudo model with the extra noise to take into account the asynchronous problem. Moreover, the structural similarity (SSIM), a function of the signal-to-noise ratio, can provide the number of frames for the frame-averaging process and eventually give the minimum acquisition time to earn meaningful information from the compromising emanation. Finally, after the appropriate post-processing, the extracted information from the actual measurements is compared with the reconstruction from the pseudo-model results revealing excellent agreements.

This paper proposes a method to reconstruct an original video display from electromagnetic leakage by using the characteristics of digital video interfaces (e.g., digital visual interface (DVI) and high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI)). Moreover, it is proven that the analysis is applicable through a very narrow multiband pass filter when multiple video display units (VDUs) with identical video properties (resolution, refresh rate, etc.) are placed together and emanate simultaneously. The proposed method is verified with our reconstruction system and is expected to contribute to improving the security of video display signals by raising awareness regarding information leakage risks.

The protection of information against electromagnetic penetration is one of the most important aspects related to the protection of information against its non-invasive acquisition. Compared to the activities of cybercriminals, the use of electromagnetic emissions in the electromagnetic infiltration process does not leave any traces of activity, and the owner of the information is not aware of its loss. The most common activities of electromagnetic eavesdropping are related to the infiltration of emission sources, graphically revealing the processing of information using both analog and digital methods. This allows for the presentation of reconstructed data in the form of images. Correct display of the acquired information requires knowledge of raster parameters such as line length and the number of lines building the reconstructed image. Due to the lack of direct access to the intercepted device, knowledge in this field does not allow for the correct determination of the aforementioned parameters, and thus, for recreating an image that would contain legible and understandable data. Additionally, incorrect values of the parameters result in failure of further processing of the obtained image, e.g., by using a coherent summation of images. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a solution that will allow not so much to roughly define the raster parameters but to estimate them precisely. Moreover, it should enable the automation of the process after the implementation of an appropriate algorithm. The article proposes an algorithm for estimating the line length of the reconstructed image. The raster parameter estimated with the use of the algorithm allows for summarizing images several dozen times with a significant improvement in the image quality and readability of the data contained in it. The image summation algorithm is very often used as one of the main image processing methods in the electromagnetic infiltration process. Incorrect raster parameters often make coherent summation useless. The proposed algorithm for estimating the line length of the reconstructed image uses three methods of determining the line length of the image for a given accuracy. At the same time, criteria were indicated that must be met to determine the correct length of the image line for the assumed accuracy of estimation. Obtained results confirmed that the proposed methods and criteria are effective in the process of electromagnetic infiltration. These methods allow us to determine the line length of reconstructed images with accuracy up to 10 − 5 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“A Tempest in a Skull”. The expression comes from Victor Hugo's Les Miserables, but it says just as much about Freud's life as it does about ours. No one is probably more 'disturbed', or descends to the depths of chaos, than when he or she takes on the trappings of a 'tidy' being, or is caught up in a cosmetic life apparently made of order and beauty. Of course, “everything is fine” does not always hide “everything is bad”. But we must also recognize that there is often a 'tempest' in a skull, and that it is precisely at this moment that everything changes, and everything is modified within us. Based on this phenomenon, the leitmotiv "so much exception, so much modification" thus becomes the new imperative of phenomenology - not out of attachment to the tragic or the pathetic, but on the contrary to reach that part of us which is inexpressible and which is the strongest part of our existentiality. Garcia Lorca's Duende, as the “spirit of aching Spain”, will express in its own way this force “that burns the blood”, the only one capable of touching our own depths, magnified and exorcised by the rhythm of Andalusian singers.

Information technology equipment (ITE) processing sensitive information can have its security compromised by unintentional electromagnetic radiation. Appropriately assessing likelihood of a potential compromise relies on radio frequency (RF) engineering expertise—specifically, requiring knowledge of the associated causal factors and their interrelationships. Several factors that can cause unintentional electromagnetic emanations that can lead to the compromise of ITE have been found in the literature. This paper confirms the list of causal factors reported in previous work, categorizes the factors as belonging to threat, vulnerability, or impact, and develops an interpretive structural model of the vulnerability factors. A participatory modelling approach was used consisting of focus groups of RF engineers. The resulting hierarchical structural model shows the relationships between factors and illustrates their relative significance. The paper concludes that the resulting model can motivate a deeper understanding of the structural relationship of the factors that can be incorporated in the RF engineers' assessment process. Areas of future work are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal Serial Bus (USB) has become the dominant Plug & Play interface for personal computers and continues to grow. Any digital communication source emits secondary or unwanted emissions, called compromising emanations, as they can be received and used to reconstruct the original transmitted information, thereby compromising the transmitted messages. This paper presents a number of experimental results regarding the USB communication between a personal computer and a USB memory device (USB bulk transfer) that has been performed in a specialized laboratory, and illustrates the capability of restoring information transmitted at bit level only from receiving the compromising radiation emitted by this communications bus. Comparative results for a shielded and unshielded device will also be illustrated. Finally, some TEMPEST protection methods are identified and presented against leakage of information through the compromising radiation of USB communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a non-standard study concerning the impact of electromagnetic waves through which data are transmitted in cyberspace on two elements of the national security system - public health and information security. Cyberspace as a global network of interconnected information and communication systems operates through physical systems and infrastructure—hardware, routers, hubs, telecommunications networks computer systems, and all Internet-connected devices, including medical. The impact of digital connectivity on socio-economic development is multidirectional. For the economy, it has access to existing markets and creates new ones.. In the business sphere, an efficient connection is made between human resources and the resources needed by the production process, and in the social sphere, publicly accessible services are provided through online portals. In our study, public health has a special status because of the critical information related to the health and safety of human life, which creates, manages and controls all processes related to material production. A mechanism by which EMF affects the environment and human health is described. The sources of radio frequency fields and their biological effects are discussed. A growing trend towards the manifestation of chronic fatigue and stress among active users of smart technologies is outlined and solutions for health prevention of the young generation are proposed. Cyberspace provides a strategic advantage, and for this in the field of cyber security, the likely causes of cyber risks are described, which are related to the fusion of critical and non-critical technologies, increased volume of personal and sensitive data generated, dependence on third-party managed service providers, leakage of information under influence of EMF on the example of the TEMPEST attacks. Good practices for prevention and cyber resilience are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the characteristics of spatial electromagnetic noise generators, as well as the formation of a broadband noise signal. A number of well-known methods for assessing the quality of masking noise interference and the approaches used in them have been described. Approaches to the measurement of masking noise were also determined in assessing their quality. In conclusion, additional methods are proposed for assessing the quality of masking noises, such as searching for correlation of noise in different frequency sub-bands and using statistical and (or) graphical methods (tests) for randomness.

The protection of information against electromagnetic penetration is one of the most important aspects related to the protection of information against its non-invasive acquisition. Compared to the activities of cybercriminals, the use of electromagnetic emissions in the electromagnetic infiltration process does not leave any traces of activity, and the owner of the information is not aware of its loss. The most common activities of electromagnetic eavesdropping are related to the infiltration of emission sources, graphically revealing the processing of information using both analog and digital methods. This allows for the presentation of reconstructed data in the form of images. Correct display of the acquired information requires knowledge of raster parameters such as line length and the number of lines building the reconstructed image. Due to the lack of direct access to the intercepted device, knowledge in this field does not allow for the correct determination of the aforementioned parameters, and thus, for recreating an image that would contain legible and understandable data. Additionally, incorrect values of the parameters result in failure of further processing of the obtained image, e.g., by using a coherent summation of images. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a solution that will allow not so much to roughly define the raster parameters but to estimate them precisely. Moreover, it should enable the automation of the process after the implementation of an appropriate algorithm. The article proposes an algorithm for estimating the line length of the reconstructed image. The raster parameter estimated with the use of the algorithm allows for summarizing images several dozen times with a significant improvement in the image quality and readability of the data contained in it. The image summation algorithm is very often used as one of the main image processing methods in the electromagnetic infiltration process. Incorrect raster parameters often make coherent summation useless. The proposed algorithm for estimating the line length of the reconstructed image uses three methods of determining the line length of the image for a given accuracy. At the same time, criteria were indicated that must be met to determine the correct length of the image line for the assumed accuracy of estimation. Obtained results confirmed that the proposed methods and criteria are effective in the process of electromagnetic infiltration. These methods allow us to determine the line length of reconstructed images with accuracy up to 10−5.

The aim of this study was to identify representative types of compromising electromagnetic emissions, vulnerabilities and exposure conditions, which represent a potential emission security risk (EMSEC) for information systems. The results obtained can be the basis for the following studies aimed at estimating the EMSEC risk levels materialized in attenuation levels and frequency ranges for the shielded enclosure and electrical filters, respectively the development and testing of electrical EMSEC protection devices that can be integrated in the shielded enclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Biblioteca particular de Fernando Pessoa possui um exemplar de The Tempest, de William Shakespeare, onde Pessoa registou as sucessivas campanhas de tradução do drama inglês, que planeou publicar durante mais de duas décadas (1909-1932). A marginália presente nesse exemplar foi integralmente transcrita e publicada em artigo anterior (FILIPE, 2018), com uma proposta de datação crítica do projecto editorial de Pessoa. O presente artigo mostra novos elementos que contribuem para uma datação mais apurada e publica pela primeira vez a transcrição de documentos autógrafos com rascunhos da tradução de Shakespeare, pertencentes ao Espólio 3, da Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal.

In this work an eavesdropping distance of a video system is estimated by measuring unintended electromagnetic signal from a distance of 1 meter and calculating a distance measured signal has to travel in order to be indistinguishable from the noise. Experimental setup is designed in order to measure unintended emissions with a discrete spectrum and maximal signal to noise ratio.

Information technology equipment (ITE) processing sensitive information can have its security compromised by unintentional electromagnetic radiation. Appropriately assessing likelihood of a potential compromise relies on radio frequency (RF) engineering expertise—specifically, requiring knowledge of the associated causal factors and their interrelationships. Several factors that can cause unintentional electromagnetic emanations that can lead to the compromise of ITE have been found in the literature. This paper confirms the list of causal factors reported in previous work, categorizes the factors as belonging to threat, vulnerability, or impact, and develops an interpretive structural model of the vulnerability factors. A participatory modelling approach was used consisting of focus groups of RF engineers. The resulting hierarchical structural model shows the relationships between factors and illustrates their relative significance. The paper concludes that the resulting model can motivate a deeper understanding of the structural relationship of the factors that can be incorporated in the RF engineers’ assessment process. Areas of future work are suggested.

The aim of this study was to identify representative types of compromising electromagnetic emissions, vulnerabilities and exposure conditions, which represent a potential emission security risk (EMSEC) for information systems. The results obtained can be the basis for the following studies aimed at estimating the EMSEC risk levels materialized in attenuation levels and frequency ranges for the shielded enclosure and electrical filters, respectively the development and testing of electrical EMSEC protection devices that can be integrated in the shielded enclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the characteristics of spatial electromagnetic noise generators, as well as the formation of a broadband noise signal. A number of well-known methods for assessing the quality of masking noise interference and the approaches used in them have been described. Approaches to the measurement of masking noise were also determined in assessing their quality. In conclusion, additional methods are proposed for assessing the quality of masking noises, such as searching for correlation of noise in different frequency sub-bands and using statistical and (or) graphical methods (tests) for randomness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Arts / Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Literature / Al-mağallaẗ Al-ʻarabiyyaẗ li-l-ādāb is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A Biblioteca particular de Fernando Pessoa actualmente possui mais de 1,300 volumes, a maioria dos quais apresenta anotações de diferentes tipos, de rascunhos a comentários estéticos, a traduções. A partir de 1906, Pessoa planeou uma tradução para português, que executou quase na sua totalidade, de 'A Tormenta', de William Shakespeare. Este artigo apresenta a primeira transcrição completa da tradução e das suas diferentes campanhas de escrita. A transcrição é acompanhada por anotações de índole genética e imagens do exemplar de 'The Tempest' com a marginália original.

The side-channel leakage is a consequence of program execution in a computer processor, and understanding relationship between code execution and information leakage is a necessary step in estimating information leakage and its capacity limits. This paper proposes a methodology to relate program execution to electromagnetic side-channel emanations and estimates side-channel information capacity created by execution of series of instructions (e.g., a function, a procedure, or a program) in a processor. To model dependence among program instructions in a code, we propose to use Markov source model, which includes the dependencies among sequence of instructions as well as dependencies among instructions as they pass through a pipeline of the processor. The emitted electromagnetic (EM) signals during instruction executions are natural choice for the inputs into the model. To obtain the channel inputs for the proposed model, we derive a mathematical relationship between the emanated instruction signal power (ESP) and total emanated signal power while running a program. Then, we derive the leakage capacity of EM side channels created by execution of series of instructions in a processor. Finally, we provide experimental results to demonstrate that leakages could be severe and that a dedicated attacker could obtain important information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have investigated the features of legal support for cybersecurity in some of the leading countries of the world, have established the organizational basis for its support, as well as the main aspects of NATO and the EU's activities and standards in this area. In particular, the essence of the concept of cybersecurity is determined by referring to the views of both foreign scientists and Ukrainian scientists, and fixing this definition in normative documents of international importance (international standard ISO/IEC 27032:2012). Actual strategic goals in the direction of ensuring cybersecurity in countries such as France, the UK, the United States, as well as the settlement of these issues at the legislative level in Ukraine are highlighted. It has been established which state bodies operate in the indicated countries, whose powers include ensuring cybersecurity. Attention is paid to the settlement of cybersecurity and cyber protection issues at the international level, in particular at the EU and NATO levels. Particular attention is paid to NATO standards - TEMPEST. The content of the norms of the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of ensuring cybersecurity and the nature of the priority tasks of the National Cyber Security Coordination Center under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine are disclosed, which are normatively enshrined in the relevant Regulation. The features of the regulatory and organizational support of cybersecurity in some leading countries of the world and in Ukraine are structured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer electronic equipment will emit unintentional electromagnetic (EM) signals in the working state, especially liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors (desktop and laptop). The monitor emit unintentional EM signals across the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum making it error-prone, time consuming, and difficult to find the relatively few emanations that obtain hidden information. In this paper, the characteristics of emitted signals which emanations by LCD monitor is verified by analyzing display mechanism, the EM emanations are received and reconstructed by the eavesdropping experiment. According to the principle of LCD, the study shows that refresh rate, horizontal frequency, and pixel frequency are confirmed as key factors to reconstruct image of LCD compromising emanations (CE). In addition, this study promotes the reconstitution quality of LCD CE based on wavelet transform spatial correlation filtering denoising method. Experimental results show that the method can effectively suppress noise and improve the reconstruction quality of weak leakage signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]