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The first edition of the "Interpretative Guide to the Cabo de Palos - Islas Hormigas Marine Reserve" offers a complete description of its underwater ecosystem, the species that compose it, the ecological processes that govern its functioning, as well as the changes observed in its seabed in the last decades, all of this with a multitude of curiosities that will surely surprise the reader. It also addresses other issues such as governance, diving, or the effect of protection on fishing activity. The general text is complemented by thematic tables on aspects considered relevant, and by sheets on some of the most iconic species. The book also includes a list of the species cited to date within the marine reserve. The text is embellished with artistic interpretations of the marine ecosystem and the different biological communities that compose it, as well as abundant photographs of great beauty and spectacularity.

Pusillina inconspicua (Alder, 1844) (Fig. 20) Material examined. (12 empty shells and 23 with soft parts in 8 samples): SPAIN • 1 sPc; 43° 52.823′N, 008° 56.151′W to 43° 52.837′N, 008° 55.597′W; 988– 920 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-1000 • 5 spc (1 juv); 43° 35.451′N, 008° 34.432′W to 43° 34.810′N, 008° 35.407′W; 153– 151 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-150 • 1 sh; 43° 26.703′N, 008° 30.669′W to 43° 27.452′N, 008° 29.612′W; 103– 102 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-100 • 1 sh; 43° 40.250′N, 008° 43.755′W to 43° 40.760′N, 008° 42.120′W; 207– 197 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-200 • 5 sPc; 43° 29.412′N, 008° 28.362′W to 43° 29.779′N, 008° 28.240′W; 110– 111 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-110 • 10 sPc + 10 sh; 42° 30.391′N, 009° 19.517′W to 42° 29.428′N, 009° 17.924′W; 147–148 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-150 • 1 sPc: 42° 31.176′N, 009° 23.380′W to 42° 32.132′N, 009° 24.151′W; 242–248 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-250 • 1 sPc; 42° 50.507′N, 009° 25.773′W to 42° 48.810′N, 009° 25.198′W; 151– 148 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS CA-EBS-150. Remarks. A species-complex can hide under the name Pusillina inconspicua (Gofas & Oliver 2011) due its variability, its discontinuous geographic distribution along the eastern Atlantic from Norway to Angola, including the Mediterranean, and due the different habitats where the species supposedly lives, from sublittoral to bathyal bottoms below 100 m depth, and even in brackish lagoon areas (Gofas & Oliver 2011). Cordeiro & Ávila (2015) also recorded P. inconspicua in the Azores. The shells found in the samples studied exhibited a remarkable variability ranging from weak axial ribs, thickened lip, curved columella and closed umbilicus (Fig. 20a), to almost smooth surface with incised peripheral lines, thin lip, straightened columella and narrow umbilicus (Fig. 20b). The protoconch bears a characteristic spiral microcord close to the suture (Figs. 20c, g). Transition between protoconch I and II well delimited (Figs. 20d–f). Shells with soft parts have been found in samples collected between 111–248 m depth on muddy sand bottoms, and one specimen at 920 m. It should be noted that some micromolluscs living in coastal algae could be swept by the currents away from the coast., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Alder, J. (1844) Descriptions of some new British species of Rissoa and Odostomia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 323 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484409442613","Gofas, S. & Oliver, J. D. (2011) Familia Rissoidae. In: Gofas, S., Moreno, D. & Salas, C. (Coords.), Moluscos marinos de Andalucia. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Cientifico, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, pp. 167 - 194.","Cordeiro, R. & Avila, S. P. (2015) New species of Rissoidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Archipelago of the Azores (northeast Atlantic), with an updated regional checklist for the family. ZooKeys, 480, 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 480.8599"]}

Pseudosetia amydralox Bouchet & Warén, 1993 (Fig. 16) Material examined. ( 61 empty shells and 51with soft parts in 22 samples): Smooth form: SPAIN • 2 sh; 43° 47.188′N, 008° 53.053′W to 43° 55.312′N, 008° 53.101′W; 770–842 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-800 • 3 spc + 1 sh; 43° 57.030′N, 008° 54.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 1 spc; 43° 48.514′N, 008° 51.439′W to 43° 49.163′N, 008° 51.157′W; 616– 616 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I AT-600 • 1 spc; 43° 41.590′N, 008° 45.328′W to 43° 42.396′N, 008° 44.286′W; 301– 301 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-300 • 4 sPc + 2 sh; 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-600 • 1 sPc; 43° 38.812′N, 009° 07.949′W to 43° 39.841′N, 009° 07.405′W; 999–1001 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-DRN-1000 • 2 sh; polygon delimited by points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 480–600 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-2 • 1 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W/44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 417–668 m; SARRIDAL (2006–07) SARRI-3 • 16 sh; 44° 11.652′N, 008° 58.152′W to 44° 11.539′N, 008° 57.574′W; 908–1106 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 • 9 sh; 44° 08.65′N, 008° 55.305′W to 44° 08.771′N, 008° 55.104′W; 581– 566 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 C • 2 sPc; 44° 09.896′N, 008° 39.581′W to 44° 10.129′N, 008° 39.494′W; 438–459 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-11 • 1 sPc; 43° 56.478′N, 008° 54.199′W to 43° 55.934′N, 008° 54.849′W; 620–933 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-15-2 • 2 sPc; 43° 48.252′N, 008° 51.427′W to 43° 49.707′N, 008° 51.164′W; 575–584 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-30-1 • 1 sh; 43° 34.86′N, 009° 21.95′W to 43° 36.44′N, 009° 20.71′W; 1010–1112 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-04 • 1 sh; 43° 32.5′N, 009° 25.37′W to 43° 33.6′N, 009° 24.5′W; 848–1027 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-05 • 1 sh; 42° 55.76′N, 009° 44.04′W to 42° 55.79′N, 009° 44.57′W; 709–728 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-25. Sculptured form: SPAIN • 25 sPc + 10 sh; 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-600 • 2 sPc; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 480–600 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-2 • 3 sPc; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 417–668 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-4 • 12 sh; 44° 08.65′N, 008° 55.305′W to 44° 08.771′N, 008° 55.104′W; 581– 566 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 C • 2 sh; 44° 14.929′N, 008° 30.255′W to 44° 15.367′N, 008° 30.438′W; 2121–2516 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA AT-12 • 6 sPc; 44° 08.516′N, 008° 40.788′W to 44° 09.688′N, 008° 39.721′W; 436– 428 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-11 • 1 sh; 43° 48.252′N, 008° 51.427′W to 43° 49.707′N, 008° 51.164′W; 575–584 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-30-1. Remarks. Bouchet & Warén (1993) studied many shells of this species widespread from off northern Spain south to the Canary Islands in 155–1650 m depth range. Gofas (2007) pointed out that Pseudosetia amydralox is quite common on the uppermost part of the Lusitanian seamounts (the type locality is located at Gorringe Seamount, 305–320 m). We found several shells of this species with soft parts in samples from the deep range 300–1100 m mainly in sandy bottoms with phosphorites. The shells here studied show a remarkable variability, that ranges from practically smooth surface, with regularly convex whorls, lacking suture edges and a peripheral cord on the last whorl (Figs. 16a, c, e), to shells with a conspicuous spiral sculpture, with suture edges and a peripheral cord, and plano-convex whorls (Figs. 16 k, o, n, r, s). The sculpture of the protoconchs also showed a certain degree of variability (Figs. 16b, d–j, l, m, p, q). Not ruling out the possibility of cryptic species, we prefer for now to consider variability of a single species, that due to its geographic location it situated within the range of distribution of P. amydralox instead of that of the smooth Pseudosetia turgida (Jeffreys, 1870) or the more sculptured Pseudosetia azorica Bouchet & Warén, 1993.

Genus Benthonella Dall, 1889 Type species: Benthonella gaza Dall, 1889, by original designation., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080

Alvania jeffreysi (Waller, 1864) (Fig. 4) Material examined. ( more than 250 shells, 154 with soft parts): SPAIN • 1 sPc; 43° 52.823′N, 008° 56.151′W to 43° 52.837′N, 008° 55.597′W; 988– 920 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-1000 • 2 sh; 43° 53.457′N, 008° 48.461′W to 43° 54.000′N, 008° 48.524′W; 629–631 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT–600 • 1 sh (juv); 43° 47.188′N, 008° 53.053′W to 43° 55.312′N, 008° 53.101′W; 770–842 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-800 • 3 sPc + 4 sh; 43° 57.030′N, 008° 54.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 10 sPc + 10 sh (1 juv); 43° 48.421′N, 008° 51.453′W to 43° 49.160′N, 008° 51.091′W; 599–607 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-600 • 1 sPc; 43° 53.575′N, 008° 56.868′W to 43° 54.015′N, 008° 56.959′W; 965–974 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-1000 • 1 sh; 43° 48.514′N, 008° 51.439′W to 43° 49.163′N, 008° 51.157′W; 616– 616 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I AT-600 • 1 sh (juv); 43° 42.348′N, 008° 45.889′W to 43° 43.269′N, 008° 45.289′W; 344–354 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-350 • 90 sPc + 20 sh; 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-600 • 3 sh; 43° 51.873′N, 008° 53.683′W to 43° 53.120′N, 008° 53.301′W; 802– 788 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-800 • 2 sPc + 2 sh; 43° 38.812′N, 009° 07.949′W to 43° 39.841′N, 009° 07.405′W; 999–1001 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-DRN-1000 SARRIDAL (2006–07) • 2 spc + 11 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 480–600 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-2 • 5 sPc + 5 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 417–668 m; SARRIDAL (2006–07) SARRI-3 • 5 sPc + 1 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 417–668 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-4 • 19 sh; 44° 11.652′N, 008° 58.152′W to 44° 11.539′N, 008° 57.574′W; 908–1106 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 • >50 sh; 44° 08.65′N, 008° 55.305′W to 44° 08.771′N, 008° 55.104′W; 581– 566 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 C • 3 sh; 44° 08.461′N, 009° 04.634′W to 44° 08.607′N, 009° 04.413′W; 917– 896 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7-1 • 30 sPc + 70 sh; 44° 09.896′N, 008° 39.581′W to 44° 10.129′N, 008° 39.494′W; 438–459 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-11 • 5 sh; 44° 07.309′N, 008° 48.289′W to 44° 07.488′N, 008° 48.047′W; 44° 5–438 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-11-5 • 1 sPc; 43° 48.511′N, 008° 51.393′W to 43° 49.092′N, 008° 50.959′W; 312–576 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-30-1 • 1 sPc + 1 sh; 44° 07.495′N, 008° 46.999′W to 44° 07.675′N, 008° 45.225′W; 416– 407 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA AT-11-2 • 1 sh; 44° 14.929′N, 008° 30.255′W to 44° 15.367′N, 008° 30.438′W; 2121–2516 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA AT-12 • 7 sPc; 43° 58.84′N, 008° 15.625′W to 43° 59.621′N, 008° 14.285′W; 233–237 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-20 • 3 sPc (juv); 43° 48.252′N, 008° 51.427′W to 43° 49.707′N, 008° 51.164′W; 575–584 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-30-1 • 2 sh; 43° 34.86′N, 009° 21.95′W to 43° 36.44° ′N, 009° 20.71′W; 1010–1112 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-04. Remarks. It extends from higher latitudes (southeastern Greenland, Iceland, and Scandinavia) southwards to Portugal, usually in 50–500 m (Rodríguez-Babío & Thiriot-Quiévreux 1974; Fretter & Graham 1978; Bouchet & Warén 1993; Warén 1996; Hoffman et al. 2011). The shells studied show the characteristic square reticulate sculpture (Figs. 4a–b). High magnification reveals minute spires and fuzzy growth lines (Fig. 4e). Blunt protoconch with a marked zigzag sculpture (Figs. 4c–d). According to Gofas & Warén (1982) records from the Mediterranean are based on Alvania sororcula GranataGrillo, 1877. Alvania jeffreysi is characterized by the zig-zag sculpture of its protoconch (Figs. 4 c–d), which it shares with some sublittoral Alvania, such as A. zylensis Gofas & Warén, 1982, A. imperspicua (Pallary, 1920) and A. vermaasi van Aartsen, 1975. In the studied samples it was present between 300 and 1000 m, mainly in the range 400–650 m where many shells had remains of the soft parts. It was abundant in the same samples than Alvania cimicoides., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 9-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Waller, E. (1864) On a new British species of Rissoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 14, 136 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936408681672","Rodriguez-Babio, C. & Thiriot-Quievreux, C. (1974) Gasteropodes de la region de Roscoff. Etude particuliere de la protoconque. Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 15, 531 - 549.","Fretter, V. & Graham, A. (1978) The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 4: Marine Rissoacea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, Supplement 6, 153 - 194.","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Waren, A. (1996) New and little known mollusca from Iceland and Scandinavia. Part 3. Sarsia, 81, 197 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1996.10413622","Hoffman, L., van Heugten, B. & Lavaleye, M. S. S. (2011) Gastropoda (Mollusca) from the Rockall and Hatton Banks, northeastern Atlantic Ocean. 3. Miscellanea Malacologica, 5 (2), 23 - 52.","Gofas, S. & Waren, A. (1982) Taxonomie de quelque especes du genre Alvania (Mollusca, Gastropoda) des cotes iberiques et marocaines. Bolletino Malacologico, 18 (1 - 4), 1 - 16,","Pallary, P. (1920) Exploration scientifique du Maroc organisee par la Societ de Geographie de Paris et continuee par la Societ des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc. Deuxieme Fascicule. Malacologie. Larose, Rabat et Paris, 108 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46466","Aartsen, J. J. van (1975) Alvania vermaasi nov. spec. a new species of Gastropod from the Gulf of Algeciras (Spain). Basteria, 39 (3 - 6), 91 - 96."]}

Alvania cimicoides (Forbes, 1844) (Fig. 3) Material examined. ( more than five hundred shells, about half of them with soft parts, in 36 samples): SPAIN • 1 sh; 43° 51.265′N, 008° 54.480′W to 43° 51.498′N, 008° 53.123′W; 827– 819 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-800 • 2 sh; 43° 53.457′N, 008° 48.461′W to 43° 54.000′N, 008° 48.524′W; 629–631 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-600 • 1 spc (juv) + 4 sh; 43° 47.188′N, 008° 53.053′W to 43° 55.312′N, 008° 53.101′W; 770–842 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVAArtabria I AT-800 • 1 sPc + 6 sh; 43° 57.030′N, 008° 54.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 15 sh + 32 sPc; 43° 48.421′N, 008° 51.453′W to 43° 49.160′N, 008° 51.091′W; 599–607 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-600 • 9 sPc; 43° 53.575′N, 008° 56.868′W to 43° 54.015′N, 008° 56.959′W; 965–974 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-1000 • 7 sPc; 43° 48.514′N, 008° 51.439′W to 43° 49.163′N, 008° 51.157′W; 616– 616 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I AT-600 • 1 sh; 43° 51.774′N, 008° 53.640′W to 43° 52.516′N, 008° 53.478′W; 798–801 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I AT-800 • 2 sPc + 5 sh; 43° 53.847′N, 008° 57.324′W to 43°54.621′N, 008° 57.261′W; 993–1004 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 1 sPc; 43° 41.590′N, 008° 45.328′W to 43° 42.396′N, 008° 44.286′W; 301– 301 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-300 • > 50 sh + 150 spc (100 juv); 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-600 • 6 sPc (4 juv); 43° 51.873′N, 008° 53.683′W to 43° 53.120′N, 008° 53.301′W; 802– 788 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-800 • 2 sPc + 4 sh; 43° 38.812′N, 009° 07.949′W to 43° 39.841′N, 009° 07.405′W; 999–1001 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-DRN-1000. • 1 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 720 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-1 • 12 sPc + 15 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 480–600 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-2 • 1 spc + 4 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 417–668 m; SARRIDAL (2006–07) SARRI-3 • 7 spc + 6 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 417–668 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-4 • 25 sh; 44° 11.652′N, 008° 58.152′W to 44° 11.539′N, 008° 57.574′W; 908–1106 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 • >100 sh; 44° 08.65′N, 008° 55.305′W to 44° 08.771′N, 008° 55.104′W; 581– 566 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 C • 2 sh; 44° 08.461′N, 009° 04.634′W to 44° 08.607′N, 009° 04.413′W; 917– 896 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7-1 • >100 sh + 10 spc; 44° 09.896′N, 008° 39.581′W to 44° 10.129′N, 008° 39.494′W; 438–459 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-11 • 1 sh; 44° 07.628′N, 008° 45.871′W to 44° 07.989′N, 008° 45.542′W; 412– 411 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-11-4 • 2 sh; 44° 07.309′N, 008° 48.289′W to 44° 07.488′N, 008° 48.047′W; 445– 438 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-11-5 • 7 sh; 43° 56.478′N, 008° 54.199′W to 43° 55.934′N, 008° 54.849′W; 620–933 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-15-2 • 3 sh + 1 spc (juv); 43° 48.511′N, 008° 51.393′W to 43° 49.092′N, 008° 50.959′W; 312–576 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-30-1 • 5 sh + 6 spc; 44° 07.495′N, 008° 46.999′W to 44° 07.675′N, 008° 45.225′W; 416– 407 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA AT-11-2 • 2 sh + 3 spc; 44° 06.496′N, 008° 23.522′W to 44° 07.16′N, 008° 23.201′W; 337– 324 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA AT-13 • 1 sPc; 44° 08.516′N, 008° 40.788′W to 44° 09.688′N, 008° 39.721′W; 436– 428 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-11 • 1 sh + 3 spc; 44° 06.943′N, 008° 47.232′W to 44° 07.173′N, 008° 46.031′W; 440– 429 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-11-2 • 4 spc; 44° 00.806′N, 008° 33.098′W to 44° 01.967′N, 008° 32.57′W; 346– 344 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-14 • 3 sh + 2 spc; 43° 58.84′N, 008° 15.625′W to 43° 59.621′N, 008° 14.285′W; 233–237 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-20 • 9 sPc (juv); 43° 48.252′N, 008° 51.427′W to 43° 49.707′N, 008° 51.164′W; 575–584 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-30-1 • 1 sh; 43° 24.95′N, 009° 25.5′W to 43° 25.6′N, 009° 24.62′W; 458–470 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II DRNP-07 • 1 sh; 43°20.49′N, 009° 34.03′W to 43° 21.22′N, 009° 32.96′W; 846– 770 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II DRNP-16 • 1 sh; 43° 34.86′N, 009° 21.95′W to 43° 36.44′N, 009° 20.71′W; 1010–1112 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-04 • 2 sh; 43° 32.5′N, 009° 25.37′W to 43° 33.6′N, 009° 24.5′W; 848–1027 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-05 • 8 sh; 43° 24.63′N, 009° 31.55′W to 43° 25.67′N, 009° 30.73′W; 880– 827 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-08 • 4 sh + 1 sPc; 42° 55.76′N, 009° 44.04′W to 42° 55.79′N, 009° 44.57′W; 709–728 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-25. Remarks. It is a very common bathyal rissoid (in a wide depth range) known from high latitudes (Greenland, Iceland, and along the continental slopes from Norway) to the Cape Verde Islands (including Azores, Madeira and Canaries) and into the Mediterranean (Fretter & Graham 1978; Bouchet & Warén 1993; Hoenselaar & Goud 1998; Gofas 2007; Hoffman et al. 2011; Bitlis & Öztürk 2017). The shells studied conform to the previous descriptions of the species. One of the shells studied is shown in Figure 3a, as well as its protoconch (Figs. 3c–e) and details of the microsculpture of the teleoconch (Fig. 3b) and protoconch (Figs. 3 f–g). It is characterized by its rectangular reticulate patterns with small nodules at the intersections of axial ribs and spirals cords. Multispiral protoconch of almost 3 whorls with sculpture of irregular spiral zig-zag elements, forming continuous lines near the suture. In the Mediterranean it has been regarded as a preferential characteristic element of the bathyal mud and deepsea white corals biocoenoses, usually in 100–1000 m (Negri & Corselli 2016). Alvania rykeli Hoenselaar & Goud, 1998, from around circalittoral and bathyal bottoms around Cape Verde Islands, strongly resembles A. cimicoides as far as the multispiral protoconch is concerned but differs in having much fewer axial (12–14 instead of 22–25) and spiral ribs (7–8 instead of 10–11). Among the samples studied, it was collected in the depth range 300–1200 m, but it was especially frequent in those collected at around 600 m in sandy bottoms with phosphorites., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 7-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Forbes, E. (1844) Report on the Mollusca and Radiata of the Aegean sea, and on their distribution, considered as bearing on geology. Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for 1843, 130 - 193.","Fretter, V. & Graham, A. (1978) The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 4: Marine Rissoacea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, Supplement 6, 153 - 194.","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Hoenselaar, H. J. & Goud, J. (1998) The Rissoidae of the CANCAP expeditions, I: the genus Alvania Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Basteria, 62, 69 - 115.","Gofas, S. (2007) Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from northeast Atlantic semounts. Journal of Natural History, 41 (13 - 16), 779 - 885. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701298085","Hoffman, L., van Heugten, B. & Lavaleye, M. S. S. (2011) Gastropoda (Mollusca) from the Rockall and Hatton Banks, northeastern Atlantic Ocean. 3. Miscellanea Malacologica, 5 (2), 23 - 52.","Bitlis, B. & Ozturk, B. (2017) The genus Alvania (Gastropoda: Rissoidae) along the Turkish Aegean coast with the description of a new species. Scientia Marina, 8 (3), 395 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 04566.14 A","Negri, M. P. & Corselli, C. (2016) Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy). Zootaxa, 4186 (1), 1 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4186.1.1"]}

Alvania xelae Oliver & Urgorri sp. nov. (Fig. 14) Alvania electa — Bouchet &Warén, 1993: 663–636 (in part), figs. 1416–1417. Type material. Holotype: SPAIN • 1 emPty shell (Figs. 14d–h); 43° 57.030′N, 008° 54.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000; MHNS, dePosit number: MHN-USC-10117. Paratypes: SPAIN • 2 sh (ParatyPes 1 and 2); 43° 51.265′N, 008° 54.480′W to 43° 51.498′N, 008° 53.123′W; 827– 819 m; 08–15 Sep. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-800; MNCN 15.05 /200227 • 1 sh; 43° 52.823′N, 008° 56.151′W to 43° 52.837′N, 008° 55.597′W; 988– 920 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-1000 • 2 sh; 43° 47.188′N, 008° 53.053′W to 43° 55.312′N, 008° 53.101′W; 770–842 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-800 • 1 spc + 22 sh; 43° 57.030′N, 008° 54.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 1 sPc + 1 sh; 43° 53.575′N, 008° 56.868′W to 43° 54.015′N, 008° 56.959′W; 965–974 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-1000 • 12 sPc + 3 sh; 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-600 • 12 sh; 43° 51.873′N, 008° 53.683′W to 43° 53.120′N, 008° 53.301′W; 802– 788 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-800 • 1 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 720 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-1 • 14 sh; 44° 11.652′N, 008° 58.152′W to 44° 11.539′N, 008° 57.574′W; 908–1106 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 • 2 sh; 44° 08.65′N, 008° 55.305′W to 44° 08.771′N, 008° 55.104′W; 581– 566 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 C • 1 sh; 43° 34.86′N, 009° 21.95′W to 43° 36.44′N, 009° 20.71′W; 1010–1112 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-04. Type locality: Ferrol Canyon off Galicia coast (43° 57.030′- 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.795′W- 00854.133′W, 1132–1191 m). Derivatio nominis: This species is dedicated to Dra. Xela Cunha Veira who has participated in the collection of samples in all oceanographic campaigns and for the custody and handling of the samples studied. Description. Shell with a moderately high sPire with conical outline, aPical angle of about 45° and a blunt aPex, somewhat solid, with conspicuous reticulated sculpture (Fig. 14a). Holotype (Fig. 14d) of 1.6 x 1.0 mm with four convex whorls. Adult shells studied up to 1.7 x 1.2 mm. Well-marked, somewhat channeled suture. Colour white. Aperture pyriform, pointed at union with penultimate whorl, height 0.56 mm (about 46% of total height). Umbilical area with chink and coarse growth lines. About 20 sharP, orthocline axial ribs, at about 10° with sPire axis, narrower than interspaces on the body whorl and disappearing toward the base. Thick spiral cords, also narrower than interspaces, more developed on the periumbilical area of the body whorl. Entire surface covered by regularly distributed spiral threads, much narrower than their interspaces, often interrupted where crossing growth lines (Fig. 14e). Outer lip slightly opisthocline with a thin edge, thickened externally and not thickened inside. Inner lip thin, bordering a narrow umbilicus. Radulae, operculum and soft parts have not been described since they show great uniformity in species of this genus. Specimens are kept for possible future studies. Protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls (Figs. 14g –h) whose surface is covered by minute granules irregularly arranged (Fig. 14c) overlapping wide, diffuse spiral cords (Fig. 14b). Remarks. About 75 shells and specimens were found in 10 samples collected between 400 and 1200 m. Most of the shells with soft parts were found in a sample at around 600 m depth in sandy bottom. No notable variability was observed. Alvania xelae sp. nov. has been believed to fall within the variability of A. electa, and corresponds to one of the shells illustrated under that name by Bouchet & Warén (1993, figs. 1416–1417 from THALASSA st X362 at 385–600 m off north Spain coasts). Alvania xelae sp. nov. differs from A. electa by its more convex whorls, not so deeply channelled suture and especially by its protoconch with wide diffuse spiral cords (Fig. 14b) instead of fine striae (Figs. 9b–c). This sculpture of the protoconch also differentiates it from the other species of the group of A. electa (A. porcupinae, A. adinogramma, A. cancapae and A. candasae sp. nov.). On the other hand, A. seinensis from the Seine seamount has a shell protoconch similar to that of the new species but its teleoconch has much finer and more numerous ribs (more than 40 on the penultimate whorl) and a less marked spiral sculpture (Gofas 2007, fig. 7E–F).

Obtusella macilenta (Monterosato, 1880) (Fig. 19) Material examined. (more than 2000 shells, most of them with soft parts, in 25 samples): SPAIN • 1 sPc; 43° 57.030′N, 008° 54.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 250 spc + 100 sh; 43° 35.451′N, 008° 34.432′W to 43° 34.810′N, 008° 35.407′W; 153– 151 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-150 • 10 sPc + 7 sh; 43° 40.192′N, 008° 43.760′W to 43° 40.943′N, 008° 42.366′W; 207–212 m; 08–15 Sep. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-200 • 4 sPc + 2 sh; 43° 41.113′N, 008° 44.297′W to 43° 41.905′N, 008° 43.078′W; 256–258 m; 08–15 Sep. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-250 • 5 sPc + 1 sh; 43° 41.689′N, 008° 45.195′W to 43° 42.556′N, 008° 44.226′W; 298–303 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-300 • 2 sPc; 43° 42.348′N, 008° 45.889′W to 43° 43.269′N, 008° 45.289′W; 344–354 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-350 • 1 sPc; 43° 45.892′N, 008° 44.301′W to 43° 46.966′N, 008° 43.766′W; 390– 381 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-400 • > 300 spc + 100 sh; 43° 26.703′N, 008° 30.669′W to 43° 27.452′N, 008° 29.612′W; 103– 102 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-100 • > 200 sPc + 100 sh; 43° 35.451′N, 008° 34.432′W to 43° 34.810′N, 008° 35.407′W; 153– 151 m; 08–15 Sep. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-150 • 15 sPc + 2 sh; 43° 40.250′N, 008° 43.755′W to 43° 40.760′N, 008° 42.120′W; 207– 197 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-200 • 9 sPc + 4 sh; 43° 41.590′N, 008° 45.328′W to 43° 42.396′N, 008° 44.286′W; 301– 301 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-300 • 2 sPc; 43° 42.348′N, 008° 45.889′W to 43° 43.269′N, 008° 45.289′W; 344–354 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-350 • 3 sh; 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-600 • 15 sh; 43° 29.412′N, 008° 28.362′W to 43° 29.779′N, 008° 28.240′W; 110–111 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-110 • 4 sPc; 43° 32.026′N, 008° 37.520′W to 43° 32.806′N, 008° 35.993′W; 150–151 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-150 • 25 sPc + 10 sh; 43° 31.970′N, 008° 37.670′W to 43° 32.697′N, 008° 3.171′W; 151– 151 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-EBS-150 • 5 sPc + 4 sh; 43° 36.222′N, 008° 52.845′W to 43° 36.797′N, 008° 52.112′W; 201– 201 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-EBS-200 • 2 spc; 43° 35.611′N, 008° 58.536′W to 43° 36.104′N, 008° 57.284′W; 384– 345 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-EBS-400 • > 100 sPc; 42° 30.391′N, 009° 19.517′W to 42° 29.428′N, 009° 17.924′W; 147–148 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-150 • 80 sPc; 42° 31.176′N, 009° 23.380′W to 42° 32.132′N, 009° 24.151′W; 242–248 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-250 • >600 sPc; 42° 50.507′N, 009° 25.773′W to 42° 48.810′N, 009° 25.198′W; 151– 148 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS CA-EBS-150 • >100 spc; 42° 15.780′N, 009° 10.500′W to 42° 17.100′N, 009° 10.630′W; 149–150 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS CH-EBS-150 • 1 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 480–600 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-2 • 1 sh; 43° 31.727′N, 008° 52.374′W to 43° 32.678′N, 008° 52.687′W; 173–179 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-23 • 53 spc; 43° 31.687′N, 008° 52.188′W to 43° 33.149′N, 008° 53.142′W; 171–182 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-23 • 4 spc; 43° 48.252′N, 008° 51.427′W to 43° 49.707′N, 008° 51.164′W; 575–584 m; 15-24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-30-1. Remarks. Obtusella macilenta is known from the continental shelf and slope from the southern part of the Biscay Bay to off Morocco and the Mediterranean (Gofas & Oliver 2011). It was the most abundant species in studied samples, along with A. testae, predominantly between 100 and 250 m on muddy sand bottoms, although one shell with soft parts was found in a sample collected at 1132 m in depth. It is even smaller than the previous species; the shells studied barely reach 1 mm and are less globose with weakest spiral sculpture (Figs. 19a–b). Sinuous protoconch/teleoconch transition (Figs. 18c–e) and embryonic shell with up to four delicate spires (Figs. 18f–g)., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Monterosato, T. A. (1880) Conchiglie della zona degli abissi. Bullettino della Societ Malacologica Italiana, 6 (1 - 4), 50 - 82.","Gofas, S. & Oliver, J. D. (2011) Familia Rissoidae. In: Gofas, S., Moreno, D. & Salas, C. (Coords.), Moluscos marinos de Andalucia. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Cientifico, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, pp. 167 - 194."]}

Obtusella intersecta (S. Wood, 1857) (Fig. 18) Material examined. (46 empty shells and 29 with soft parts, in 9 samples): SPAIN • 1 sPc + 1 sh; 43° 40.192′N, 008° 43.760′W to 43° 40.943′N, 008° 42°.366′W; 207–212 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-200 • 1 sh; 43° 26.703′N, 008° 30.669′W to 43° 27.452′N, 008° 29.612′W; 103– 102 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-100 • 5 sh; 43° 29.412′N, 008° 28.362′W to 43° 29.779′N, 008° 28.240′W; 110–111 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-110 • 1 sPc; 43° 32.026′N, 008° 37.520′W to 43° 32.806′N, 008° 35.993′W; 150–151 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-150 • 25 sPc + 15 sh; 42° 30.391′N, 009° 19.517′W to 42° 29.428′N, 009° 17.924′W; 147–148 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-150 • 1 sPc; 42° 29.455′N, 009° 17.472′W to 42° 31.292′N, 009° 19.660′W; 149– 147 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-AT-150 • 2 sh; 42° 31.176′N, 009° 23.380′W to 42° 32.132′N, 009° 24.151′W; 242–248 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-250 • 1 sPc + 2 sh; 42° 15.780′N, 009° 10.500′W to 42° 17.100′N, 009° 10.630′W; 149–150 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS CH-EBS-150 • 20 sh; 43° 58.84′N, 008° 15.625′W to 43° 59.621′N, 008° 14.285′W; 233–237 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-20. Remarks. This species is common in the outer part of the continental shelf off Europe from Iceland and Norway to Morocco (absent from the Baltic and eastern shores of North Sea) and the Mediterranean Sea (Bouchet & Warén 1993; Gofas & Oliver 2011). Shells with soft parts were found in samples from 147 to 212 m and were specially abundant in the sample AG-EBS-150 collected at 150 m in a muddy sand bottom. These shells were very small, just over 1 mm, and globose (Figs. 18a, d). Sculpture of closely spaced spiral striations crossed by growth lines (Fig. 18c). Flattened protoconch (Figs. 18b, e). High magnification reveals minute spirals in the embryonic whorl (Figs. 18f–g)., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Wood, S. V. (1857) A monograph of the Crag Mollusca with descriptions of shells from the Upper Tertiaries of the British Isles. 2. Bivalves. Palaeontographical SocietyLondon, Part 2, 217 - 342, pl. 21 - 31. [1857] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1857.12023334","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Gofas, S. & Oliver, J. D. (2011) Familia Rissoidae. In: Gofas, S., Moreno, D. & Salas, C. (Coords.), Moluscos marinos de Andalucia. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Cientifico, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, pp. 167 - 194."]}

Gofasia thalassae (Bouchet & Warén, 1993) comb. nov. (Fig. 15) Material examined. ( 103 empty shells and 59 with soft parts, in 24 samples): SPAIN • 1 frg; 43° 47.188′N, 008° 53.053′W to 43° 55.312′N, 008° 53.101′W; 770–842 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-800 • 1 sh + 1 juv; 43° 57.030′N, 00854.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 2 spc + 2 sh; 43° 48.421′N, 008° 51.453′W to 43° 49.160′N, 008° 51.091′W; 599–607 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-600 • 4 sh; 43° 53.575′N, 008° 56.868′W to 43° 54.015′N, 008° 56.959′W; 965–974 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-1000 • 1 spc + 2 sh; 43° 53.847′N, 008° 57.324′W to 43° 54.621′N, 008° 57.261′W; 993–1004 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 1 sPc; 43° 42.348′N, 008° 45.889′W to 43° 43°.269′N, 008° 45.289′W; 344–354 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-350 • 30 spc + 20 sh; 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10-20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-600 • 4 sPc + 5 sh; 43° 51.873′N, 008° 53.683′W to 43° 53.120′N, 008° 53.301′W; 802– 788 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVAArtabria I EBS-800 • 2 sh; 43° 38.812′N, 009° 07.949′W to 43° 39.841′N, 009° 07.405′W; 999–1001 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-DRN-1000 • 3 sh; 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I GA-EBS-600 • 1 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 480–600 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-2 • 1 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 417–668 m; SARRIDAL (2006–07) SARRI-3 • 20 sh; 44° 08.65′N, 008° 55.305′W to 44° 08.771′N, 008° 55.104′W; 581– 566 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 C • 3 sh; 44° 08.461′N, 009° 04.634′W to 44° 08.607′N, 009° 04.413′W; 917– 896 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7-1 • 15 spc + 25 sh; 44° 09.896′N, 008° 39.581′W to 44° 10.129′N, 008° 39.494′W; 438–459 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-11 • 2 sh; 44° 07.628′N, 008° 45.871′W to 44° 07.989′N, 008° 45.542′W; 412– 411 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-11-4 • 2 sh; 44° 07.309′N, 008° 48.289′W to 44° 07.488′N, 008° 48.047′W; 445– 438 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-11-5 • 1 sh; 43° 55.886′N, 008° 54.846′W to 43° 55.291′N, 008° 55.65′W; 933– 930 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-15-2 B • 1 spc + 2 sh; 44° 07.495′N, 008° 46.999′W to 44° 07.675′N, 008° 45.225′W; 416– 407 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA AT-11-2 • 2 spc + 1 sh; 44° 08.516′N, 008° 40.788′W to 44° 09.688′N, 008° 39.721′W; 436– 428 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-11 • 1 sPc; 43° 58.84′N, 008° 15.625′W to 43° 59.621′N, 008° 14.285′W; 233–237 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-20 • 2 sPc; 43° 48.252′N, 008° 51.427′W to 43° 49.707′N, 008° 51.164′W; 575–584 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-30-1 • 1 sh; 43° 19.95′N, 009° 34.77′W to 43° 20.58′N, 009° 33.91′W; 972– 839 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II DRNr-16 • 2 sh; 43° 34.86′N, 009° 21.95′W to 43° 36.44′N, 009° 20.71′W; 1010–1112 m; 15–30 Sep. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-04 • 1 sh; 43° 24.63′N, 009° 31.55′W to 43° 25.67′N, 009° 30.73′W; 880– 827 m; 15–30 Sep. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-08. Remarks. According to Bouchet & Warén (1993) this species is known from the continental slope of the Celtic Sea southwards to northern Spain. The depth range of the studied specimens (350–1000 m) coincides with that reported by these authors. Most shells with soft parts were found in a sample on sandy bottom at 600 m deep. Adult shells studied up to 2.8 mm with large aperture and rounded axial ribs (Figs. 15a, d, g). Microsculpture of minute pores aligned in a spiral lines can be observed under high magnification (Figs. 15b–c). Protoconch sculptured by spiral furrows (Figs. e–h). Bouchet & Warén (1993) included this species in the genus Frigidoalvania because of the similarity of its teleoconch and protoconch with other species of this genus. However, due its microsculpture of minute pores we propose here to include this species in the genus Gofasia, also because of its resemblance to Gofasia vanderlandi Bouchet & Warén, 1993, from which it differs by the sculpture of the protoconch. Microsculpture of minute pores is the most important character to separate the genus from allied genera. Therefore, the species of Frigidoalvania remain restricted to higher latitudes. Gofasia galiciae, known from the Galicia Bank and Ampère and Josephine seamount (Bouchet & Warén 1993; Gofas 2007), has not been found in our samples., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Gofas, S. (2007) Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from northeast Atlantic semounts. Journal of Natural History, 41 (13 - 16), 779 - 885. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701298085"]}

Alvania electa (Monterosato, 1874) (Fig. 9) Material examined. ( 4 empty shells and 6 with soft parts, in 6 samples): SPAIN • 1 sPc; 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-600 • 2 sPc + 2 sh; 43° 36.544′N, 009° 03.064′W to 43° 36.816′N, 009° 04.339′W; 601–619 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-EBS-600 • 1 spc; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 417–668 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-4 • 1 sh; 44° 08.516′N, 008° 40.788′W to 44° 09.688′N, 008° 39.721′W; 436– 428 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-11 • 1 sPc + 1 sh; 44° 08.516′N, 008° 40.788′W to 44° 09.688′N, 008° 39.721′W; 436– 428 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-11-2 • 1 spc; 43° 48.252′N, 008° 51.427′W to 43° 49.707′N, 008° 51.164′W; 575–584 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-30-1. Remarks. This species has been recorded from the southern part of the Bay of Biscay to off the Canaries and Mediterranean Sea (where the type locality is located) in a wide depth range, normally in 150–800 m and occasionally deeper down to 2770 m (Bouchet & Warén 1993). We have found six shells with soft parts and four empty shells in samples collected between 400 and 700 m in muddy sand bottoms. Alvania electa is a rather variable species, as was pointed out by Bouchet & Warén (1993), and a cryptic species-complex may be involved. Its complex synonymy was unraveled by Oliverio et al. (1992). This species is characterized by its deeply channeled suture, low number of sharp axial ribs, narrow umbilical chink, and large and blunt apex (Figs. 9a, d–f). Protoconch sculpture with irregular microgranules separated by about six equidistant fine riblets (Figs. 9b, c, g–i). The specimens here studied match with those figured by Gofas & Warén (1982, figs. 24 and 32 as Alvania deliciosa (Jeffreys, 1884), Oliverio et al. (1992, figs. 17–20) and Bouchet & Warén (1993, figs. 1412, 1415 and 1420). In Figure 10 a–d we show for comparison a shell (as Alvania sp.) from the Djibouti Bank (Alborán Sea) whose protoconch is like that of A. electa, but because its convex whorls and the higher number of axial ribs it resembles Alvania porcupinae Gofas & Warén, 1882. On the other hand, the Mediterranean Alvania elegantissima (Monterosato, 1875) has sometimes been confused with A. electa, but according to Oliverio et al. (1992) its convex whorls and protoconch without sculpture allow differentiate both species. Figure 10e–g shows a shell from off the Italian coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea that may be Alvania elegantissima by having opisthocline axial ribs and a protoconch lacking sculpture., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Monterosato, T. A. (1874) Recherches conchyliologiques, effectuees au Cap Santo Vito, en Sicile. (Traduz. dall'italiano di H. Crosse). Journal de Conchyliologie, 22 (3 & 4), 243 - 282 & 261 - 262.","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Oliverio, M., Amati, B. & Nofroni, I. (1992) Revision of the Alvania testae group of species (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Truncatelloidea = Rissoidea). Lavori della Societ Italiana di Malacologia, Atti congreso di Parma 1990, 249 - 259.","Gofas, S. & Waren, A. (1982) Taxonomie de quelque especes du genre Alvania (Mollusca, Gastropoda) des cotes iberiques et marocaines. Bolletino Malacologico, 18 (1 - 4), 1 - 16,","Jeffreys, J. G. (1884) On the Mollusca procured during the ' Lightning' and ' Porcupine' expeditions 1868 - 70 (Part VII). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part 7 (1884), 111 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1884. tb 02813. x","Monterosato, T. A. (1875) Nuova rivista delle Conchiglie Mediterranee. Atti dell'Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti di Palermo, New Series, 5 (1), 1 - 50."]}

Alvania candasae Oliver & Gofas sp. nov. (Fig. 13) Type material. Holotype: SPAIN • 1 emPty shell (Fig. 13); 42° 51.20′N, 009° 43.85′W to 42° 52.97′N, 009° 44.25′W; 1861– 1177 m; 15–30 Sep. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II DRNp-26; MHNS, deposit number: MHN-USC-10118. Paratypes: SPAIN • 3 sh (ParatyPes 1–3); 44° 11.652′N, 008° 58.152′W to 44° 11.539′N, 008° 57.574′W; 908–1106 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7; MHN-USC, deposit number: MHN-USC-10118; • 5 sh (1 juv) (paratypes 4–8); 43° 19.92′N, 009° 38.13′W to 43° 21.25′N, 009° 37.11′W; 1267–1286 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-15; MNCN 15.05 /200226. Type locality: Muxía Canyon off W Galicia (42° 51.20′– 42° 52.97′ N; 009° 43.85′– 009° 44.25′W, 1177–1861 m). Derivatio nominis: This species is dedicated to Dra. María Candás who has participated in the collection of samples in all oceanographic campaigns and has participated in the sorting of the samples and procedure of the species obtained. Description. Small oval shell (1.8 x 1.1 mm in the holotype with somewhat more than 4 whorls) with moderately high conical sPire and blunt aPex (Fig. 13a), aPical angle of about 42°, colour white. APerture Pyriform, Pointed at union with penultimate whorl, height 0.7 mm (about 38% of total height). Teleoconch with slightly convex whorls and channeled suture highlighted by a subsutural spiral depression (Fig. 13o). Sculpture of weak, axial ribs almost orthocline, at about 10° with sPire axis; flat sPiral cords towards the base and minute sPiral striae (Figs. 13j–k) also in the channeled suture (Fig. 13e). On the body whorl there are about 30 ribs disappearing at the base. Rounded aperture with a thin edge, not thickened. Umbilicus open but partly covered by columellar lip; umbilical area with chink and coarse growth lines (Figs. 13a, f, l). Paucispiral protoconch of just over a whorl (Figs. 13b, c, g, m) with inconspicuous sculpture of very weak axial threads and scattered or slightly spirally aligned microtubercles (Figs. 13d, i). At the base of the nucleus certain roughness can be observed under high magnification (Fig. 13h). Soft parts and radulae unknown. Remarks. Alvania candasae sp. nov. seems to belong to the same group as A. electa, A. porcupinae, A. adinogramma Bouchet & Warén, 1993 and A. cancapae Bouchet & Warén, 1993. This last species, from off Morocco and Canary and Madeira Islands, is larger (more than 2 mm) with less numerous and more pronounced axial ribs, as well as A. electa, whose protoconch has a microsculpture of fine spiral threads and microgranules, different from that of the new species. Alvania porcupinae is also larger (more than 2 mm), its suture is not so channeled and its protoconch surface is smooth. A. adinogramma has more convex whorls, less ribbed suture, and a conspicuous spiral sculpture throughout the shell. Alvania adiaphoros Bouchet & Warén, 1993 is somewhat larger, with axial ribs more widely separated and not extending on the abapical part of the body whorl, and its channeled suture is less pronounced. Also, A. microstriata and A. seinensis, from Madeira and Seine Seamount, resemble this new species in their shape and size, but they have a shallow subsutural furrow instead of a channeled suture and their protoconch surface are densely covered by very fine microtubercles. Nine empty shells were found in samples collected between 900 and 1600 m., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732"]}

Alvania punctura (Montagu, 1803) (Figs. 5 a–d) Material examined. (16 empty shells and 3 with soft parts): SPAIN • 1 sh; 43° 52.823′N, 008° 56.151′W to 43° 52.837′N, 008° 55.597′W; 988– 920 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-1000 • 1 sh; 43° 57.030′N, 008° 54.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 1 sh: 43° 35.451′N, 008° 34.432′W to 43° 34.810′N, 008° 35.407′W; 153– 151 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-150 • 2 sh; 43° 26.703′N, 008° 30.669′W to 43° 27.452′N, 008° 29.612′W; 103– 102 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVAArtabria I EBS-100 • 6 sh (juv); 43° 29.412′N, 008° 28.362′W to 43° 29.779′N, 008° 28.240′W; 110–111 m; 17-28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-110 • 3 sPc + 8 sh; 42° 30.391′N, 009° 19.517′W to 42° 29.428′N, 009° 17.924′W; 147–148 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-150. Remarks. This is a characteristic species of northeastern Atlantic continental shelf from the White Sea (Nekhaev 2013) to the Strait of Gibraltar (absent from Baltic and eastern basin of English Channel), south to the Alborán Sea, rare and rather local in the remainder of the Mediterranean (Gofas & Warén 1982). In the northern part of its range, it may be found intertidally, whereas it is usually found in circalittoral bottoms in the Mediterranean. Few shells were recorded on Gorringe and Ampère seamounts (Gofas 2007). Two of the shells studied, adult and juvenile, are shown in Figure 5 a–b, and a detail of the microsculpture can be seen in Figure 5d. The protoconch in the studied shells was eroded (Fig. 5c). Shells with soft parts were only found in one of the studied sampled collected at 150 m in muddy sand bottom., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Montagu, G. (1803) Testacea Britannica or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures. Vol. 1 & 2. J. White, London, pp. i - xxxvii + 1 - 291 pp. & pp. 293 - 606, pls. 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33927","Nekhaev, I. O. (2013) The first record of Alvania punctura from Russian waters (Gastropoda: Rissoidae). Marine Biodiversity Records, 6, 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267212001145","Gofas, S. & Waren, A. (1982) Taxonomie de quelque especes du genre Alvania (Mollusca, Gastropoda) des cotes iberiques et marocaines. Bolletino Malacologico, 18 (1 - 4), 1 - 16,","Gofas, S. (2007) Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from northeast Atlantic semounts. Journal of Natural History, 41 (13 - 16), 779 - 885. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701298085"]}

Genus Pusillina Monterosato, 1884 Type species: Rissoa philippi Aradas and Maggiore, 1844, by monotypy (renamed for Rissoa pusilla Philippi, 1836, preoccupied by Rissoa pusilla Grateloup, 1828)., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Philippi, R. A. (1836) Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, quae in itinere suo observavit. Vol. 1. Schropp, Berlin, XIV + 303 pp., tabs. XIII - XXVIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100735"]}

Pusillina cf. radiata (Philippi, 1836) (Fig. 21a–c) Material examined. (23 empty shells and 2 with soft parts, in 8 samples): SPAIN • 1 sPc (juv); 43° 35.451′N, 008° 34.432′W to 43° 34.810′N, 008° 35.407′W; 153– 151 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-150 • 2 sh; 43° 48.421′N, 008° 51.453′W to 43° 49.160′N, 008° 51.091′W; 599–607 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-600 • 1 sPc (juv); 43° 34.127′N, 008° 36.562′W to 43° 34.820′N, 008° 35.585′W; 152– 149 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-150 • 6 sh; 43° 38.812′N, 009° 07.949′W to 43° 39.841′N, 009° 07.405′W; 999–1001 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-DRN-1000 • 6 frg; 43° 38.105′N, 009° 02.006′W to 43° 37.738′N, 009° 00.905′W; 836– 826 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-800 • 2 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 480–600 m; SARRIDAL (2006–2007) SARRI-2 • 6 sh; 44° 11.652′N, 008° 58.152′W to 44° 11.539′N, 008° 57.574′W; 908–1106 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7 • 1 sh; 44° 08.461′N, 009° 04.634′W to 44° 08.607′N, 009° 04.413′W; 917– 896 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-7-1. Remarks. It is a Mediterranean species with isolated records in the Atlantic coasts (Verduin 1976) usually in seagrass meadows (Gofas & Oliver 2011). Verduin (1976) pointed out the extreme variability of this species (with some local forms), whose precise delimitation is not clear. A thorough review of most species of genus Pusillina, including genetic analysis, is necessary to elucidate their taxonomic status. The presence of some juvenile shells in our samples, attributed with doubts to P. radiata (Figs. 21a–b) is considered accidental; probably washed away by currents. Only two shells with soft parts were found in samples obtained at 150 m. The protoconch is shown in Figure 21c., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Philippi, R. A. (1836) Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, quae in itinere suo observavit. Vol. 1. Schropp, Berlin, XIV + 303 pp., tabs. XIII - XXVIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100735","Verduin, A. (1976) On the systematics of recent Rissoa of the subgenus Turboella Gray, 1847, from the Mediterranean and the European Atlantic coast. Basteria, 40, 21 - 73.","Gofas, S. & Oliver, J. D. (2011) Familia Rissoidae. In: Gofas, S., Moreno, D. & Salas, C. (Coords.), Moluscos marinos de Andalucia. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Cientifico, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, pp. 167 - 194."]}

Genus Alvania Risso, 1826 Type species: Alvania cimex (Linnaeus, 1758) by subsequent designation., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080

Alvania testae (Aradas & Maggiore, 1844) (Figs. 5 e–g) Material examined. ( nearly 2000 shells, most of them with soft parts, in 33 samples): SPAIN • 1 s; 43° 40.165′N, 008° 43.697′W to 43° 40.513′N, 008° 43.159′W; 204–209 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-200 • >80 sPc; 43° 35.451′N, 008° 34.432′W to 43° 34.810′N, 008° 35.407′W; 153– 151 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-150 • 40 spc; 43° 40.192′N, 008° 43.760′W to 43° 40.943′N, 008° 42.366′W; 207–212 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-200 • 10 sPc; 43° 41.689′N, 008° 45.195′W to 43° 42.556′N, 008° 44.226′W; 298–303 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-300 • 1 spc (juv); 43° 53.575′N, 008° 56.868′W to 43° 54.015′N, 008° 56.959′W; 965–974 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I DRN-1000 • > 80 sPc; 43° 34.116′N, 008° 36.535′W to 43° 34.689′N, 008° 35.589′W; 149– 148 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I AT-150 • > 200 spc; 43° 34.127′N, 008° 36.562′W to 43° 34.820′N, 008° 35.585′W; 152– 149 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-150 • > 50 spc; 43° 40.250′N, 008° 43.755′W to 43° 40.760′N, 008° 42.120′W; 207– 197 m; 10–20 Sep. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-200 • > 300 spc; 43° 41.590′N, 008° 45.328′W to 43° 42.396′N, 008° 44.286′W; 301– 301 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-300 • 1 sh; 43° 42.348′N, 008° 45.889′W to 43° 43.269′N, 008° 45.289′W; 344–354 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-350 • 30 spc + 200 sh; 43° 29.412′N, 008° 28.362′W to 43° 29.779′N, 008° 28.240′W; 110–111 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-110 • 50 sPc; 43° 32.026′N, 008° 37.520′W to 43° 32.806′N, 008° 35.993′W; 150–151 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-150 • 1 spc (juv); 43° 38.105′N, 009° 02.006′W to 43° 37.738′N, 009° 00.905′W; 836– 826 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-AT-800 • 30 sPc; 42° 29.455′N, 009° 17.472′W to 42° 31.292′N, 009° 19.660′W; 149– 147 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-AT-150 • >40 sPc; 42° 47.353′N, 009° 25.161′W to 42° 44.866′N, 009° 25.913′W; 147– 146 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS CA-AT-150 • 30 spc; 43° 31.970′N, 008° 37.670′W to 43° 32.697′N, 008° 3.171′W; 151– 151 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-EBS-150 • 25 spc; 43° 36.222′N, 008° 52.845′W to 43° 36.797′N, 008° 52.112′W; 201– 201 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS GA-EBS-200 • >800 spc; 42° 30.391′N, 009° 19.517′W to 42° 29.428′N, 009° 17.924′W; 147–148 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-150 • >50 spc; 42° 31.176′N, 009° 23.380′W to 42° 32.132′N, 009° 24.151′W; 242–248 m; 17–28 Sep. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-250 • >200 sPc; 42° 50.507′N, 009° 25.773′W to 42° 48.810′N, 009° 25.198′W; 151– 148 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS CA-EBS-150 • 30 sPc; 42° 15.780′N, 009° 10.500′W to 42° 17.100′N, 009° 10.630′W; 149–150 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS CH-EBS-150 • 8 sh; 43° 29.13′N, 008° 43.233′W to 43° 29.596′N, 008° 42.838′W; 149–151 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-22 • 14 spc; 43° 31.727′N, 008° 52.374′W to 43° 32.678′N, 008° 52.687′W; 173–179 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA DRN-23 • 12 sPc; 44° 06.496′N, 008° 23.522′W to 44° 07.16′N, 008° 23.201′W; 337– 324 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA AT-13 • 1 spc + 1 sh; 44° 08.516′N, 008° 40.788′W to 44° 09.688′N, 008° 39.721′W; 436– 428 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-11 • 14 sPc; 44° 05.687′N, 008° 24.558′W to 44° 07.253′N, 008° 24.302′W; 337– 330 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-13 • 15 sPc; 44° 00.806′N, 008° 33.098′W to 44° 01.967′N, 008° 32.57′W; 346– 344 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008;A SELVA EBS-14 • 17 sPc + 10 sh; 43° 58.84′N, 008° 15.625′W to 43° 59.621′N, 008° 14.285′W; 233–237 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-20 • > 50 sPc; 43° 31.687′N, 008° 52.188′W to 43° 33.149′N, 008° 53.142′W; 171–182 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-23 • 5 sPc; 43° 48.252′N, 008° 51.427′W to 43° 49.707′N, 008° 51.164′W; 575–584 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-30-1 • 4 sPc + 3 sh; 43° 33.20′N, 008° 58.78′W to 43° 34.57′N, 008° 56.90′W; 230–236 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-01 • 1 sh; 43° 34.86′N, 009° 21.95′W to 43° 36.44′N, 009° 20.71′W; 1010–1112 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-04 • 2 sPc; 43° 19.92′N, 009° 38.13′W to 43° 21.25′N, 009° 37.11′W; 1267–1286 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-15 • 1 sh; 42° 31.58′N, 009° 40.14′W to 42° 33.87′N, 009° 38.75′W; 2030– 1886 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-30. Remarks. Very common species that extends from Norway to off western Morocco and throughout the Mediterranean, in a wide bathymetric range 30–1000 m, occasionally deeper (Oliverio et al. 1992; Bouchet & Warén 1993; Warén 1996; Cachia et al. 1996; Giribet & Peñas 1997; Gofas & Oliver 2011; Negri & Corselli 2016; Bitlis & Öztürk 2017). The shell is characterized by the opisthocline orientation of the peristome (Fig. 5e). Protoconch sculptured by an irregular network (Figs. 5f–g). It was the most abundant species in studied the samples along with Obtusella macilenta, predominantly between 100 and 400 m in muddy sand bottoms. Its putative planktrotrophic larval development (deduced from its protoconch) enables a large dispersal capacity., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Montagu, G. (1803) Testacea Britannica or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures. Vol. 1 & 2. J. White, London, pp. i - xxxvii + 1 - 291 pp. & pp. 293 - 606, pls. 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33927","Oliverio, M., Amati, B. & Nofroni, I. (1992) Revision of the Alvania testae group of species (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Truncatelloidea = Rissoidea). Lavori della Societ Italiana di Malacologia, Atti congreso di Parma 1990, 249 - 259.","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Waren, A. (1996) New and little known mollusca from Iceland and Scandinavia. Part 3. Sarsia, 81, 197 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1996.10413622","Cachia, C., Mifsud, C. & Sammut, P. (1996) The Marine mollusca of the Maltese Islands: Neotaenioglossa. Part 2. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 228 pp.","Giribet, G. & Penas, A. (1997) Fauna malacologica del litoral del Garraf NE Peninsula Iberica. Iberus, 15 (1), 41 - 93.","Gofas, S. & Oliver, J. D. (2011) Familia Rissoidae. In: Gofas, S., Moreno, D. & Salas, C. (Coords.), Moluscos marinos de Andalucia. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Cientifico, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, pp. 167 - 194.","Negri, M. P. & Corselli, C. (2016) Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy). Zootaxa, 4186 (1), 1 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4186.1.1","Bitlis, B. & Ozturk, B. (2017) The genus Alvania (Gastropoda: Rissoidae) along the Turkish Aegean coast with the description of a new species. Scientia Marina, 8 (3), 395 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 04566.14 A"]}

Alvania subsoluta (Aradas, 1847) (Fig. 6) Material examined. ( 6 empty shells and 6 with soft parts in 4 samples): SPAIN • 1 sh; 43° 57.030′N, 008° 54.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 1 sh; 43° 58.84′N, 008° 15.625′W to 43° 59.621′N, 008° 14.285′W; 233–237 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-20 • 1 sh; 43° 32.89′N, 009° 30.88′W to 43° 33.79′N, 009° 29.60′W; 1211– 1207 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-10 • 6 sPc + 3 sh; 42° 45.9′N, 009° 41.68′W to 42° 47.00′N, 009° 42.12′W; 1499– 1373 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVAArtabria II EBS-27. Remarks. This species ranges from Norway to off Morocco, also in the Mediterranean, usually in a wide bathymetric range of 200–2000 m (Bouchet & Warén 1993; Warén 1996). In the Mediterranean it has been recorded from 200 down to 700 m in depth, probably as a Pleistocene subfossil (Gaglini 1991; Oliverio et al. 1992). Records from the Canaries (Bouchet & Warén 1993; Hoenselaar & Goud 1998) are extremely scanty and need confirmation. The record from shallow water in Madeira is based (Segers et al. 2009) on the misidentification of Alvania spreta ( Watson, 1873). Alvania subsoluta resembles A. testae from which it mainly differs by having a paucispiral protoconch (Figs. 6d–f). The shells studied show some variability being characterized by their square reticulate sculpture. The interspaces bear a micropattern of very thin spiral lines (Fig. 6h). Paucispiral protoconch bearing also delicate spiral lines (Figs. 6f–e). Few shells with soft parts remains were found in a sample from muddy bottom with gravel deeper than A. testae and A. cimicoides (at 1400–1500 m)., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Aradas, A. (1847) Descrizione delle conchiglie fossili di Gravitelli presso Messina. Atti Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Series 2, 4, 57 - 88.","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Waren, A. (1996) New and little known mollusca from Iceland and Scandinavia. Part 3. Sarsia, 81, 197 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1996.10413622","Gaglini, A. (1991) Seconde spigolature … monterosatiane. Notiziario del. CISMA, 12 - 13, 1 - 22.","Oliverio, M., Amati, B. & Nofroni, I. (1992) Revision of the Alvania testae group of species (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Truncatelloidea = Rissoidea). Lavori della Societ Italiana di Malacologia, Atti congreso di Parma 1990, 249 - 259.","Hoenselaar, H. J. & Goud, J. (1998) The Rissoidae of the CANCAP expeditions, I: the genus Alvania Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Basteria, 62, 69 - 115.","Segers, W., Swinnen, F. & De Prins, R. (2009) Marine Molluscs of Madeira. Snoeck Publishers, Heule, 612 pp.","Watson, R. B. (1873) On some marine mollusca from Madeira, including a new genus of the Muricidae, a new Eulima and the whole of the Rissoa of the group of islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1873, 361 - 391."]}

Benthonella tenella (Jeffreys, 1869) (Fig. 17) Material examined. ( 15 empty shells and 9 with soft parts in 7 samples): SPAIN • 3 sh + 2 spc; 43° 57.030′N, 008° 54.795′W to 43° 57.248′N, 008° 54.133′W; 1191– 1132 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I AT-1000 • 2 sPc; 43° 35.451′N, 008° 34.432′W to 43° 34.810′N, 008° 35.407′W; 153– 151 m; 08–15 SeP. 2002; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-150 • 1 sh + 3 sPc; 43° 48.587′N, 008° 51.402′W to 43° 49.545′N, 008° 51.197′W; 610– 598 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-600 • 4 sPc + 7 sh; 42° 45.9′N, 009° 41.68′W to 42° 47.00′N, 009° 42°.12′W; 1499– 1373 m; 15–30 Sep. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-27 • 3 sh; 42° 38.21′N, 009° 51.46′W to 42° 39.45′N, 009° 50.73′W; 1961–1971 m; 15–30 Sep. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-28 • 1 sPc; 42° 27.66′N, 009° 46.13′W to 42° 29.08′N, 009° 45.31′W; 2033–2091 m; 15–30 SeP. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-29 • 1 sh; 42° 29.55′N, 01010.5′W to 42° 30.08′N, 01° 009.57′W; 2798– 2765 m; 14–25 Feb. 2009; FORSAGAL EBS-4. Remarks. Benthonella tenella is the most common Atlantic and Mediterranean bathyal rissoid species, with the widest geographic and bathymetric range of all. It is distributed on both sides of the Atlantic, from Iceland to the Caribbean in the west and to the Macaronesian islands in the east, and in the whole Mediterranean basin, being also patchily present in the southern Atlantic (Bouchet & Warén 1993; Hoffman et al. 2011; Sysoev 2014; Negri & Corselli 2016). It is also common in the northeastern Atlantic seamounts (Gofas 2007). Its planktotrophic development with ontogenetic vertical migration allows the potential for large-scale dispersal (Rex & Etter 1990). Nevertheless, in the samples studied it has not been very abundant, having been found between 1400 and 2100 m. The few shells found in the samples belong to the smooth morph (Fig. 17a). Multispiral protoconch with just over three whorls. The embryonic whorls show three fine spiral lines and microgranules in between (Figs. 17d–e, g). Subsequent whorls (protoconch II) with two suprasutural spiral threads (Figs. 17b, f), the upper one like a keel framing a flattened shoulder (Fig. 17c)., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Jeffreys, J. G. (1869) British conchology. Vol. 5. Van Voorst, London, 259 pp.","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Hoffman, L., van Heugten, B. & Lavaleye, M. S. S. (2011) Gastropoda (Mollusca) from the Rockall and Hatton Banks, northeastern Atlantic Ocean. 3. Miscellanea Malacologica, 5 (2), 23 - 52.","Sysoev, A. V. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Gastropoda. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 134 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.14","Negri, M. P. & Corselli, C. (2016) Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy). Zootaxa, 4186 (1), 1 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4186.1.1","Gofas, S. (2007) Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from northeast Atlantic semounts. Journal of Natural History, 41 (13 - 16), 779 - 885. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701298085","Rex, M. A. & Etter, R. J. (1990) Geographic variation in two deep-sea gastropods, Benthonella tenella (Jeffreys) and Benthomangelia antonia (Dall). Deep-Sea Research, 37 (8), 1229 - 1249. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0198 - 0149 (90) 90040 - 3"]}

Genus Gofasia Bouchet and Warén, 1993 Type species: Gofasia galiciae Bouchet and Warén, 1993, by original designation., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732"]}

Crisilla semistriata (Montagu, 1808) (Fig. 21e) Material examined. ( 2 empty shells and 2 with soft parts, in 3 samples): SPAIN • 1 sPc (juv); 43° 40.250′N, 008° 43.755′W to 43° 40.760′N, 008° 42.120′W; 207– 197 m; 10–20 SeP. 2003; DIVA-Artabria I EBS-200 • 1 sPc (juv) + 1 sh; 42° 30.391′N, 009° 19.517′W to 42° 29.428′N, 009° 17.924′W; 147–148 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-150 • 1 sh; 44° 00.806′N, 008° 33.098′W to 44° 01.967′N, 008° 32.57′W; 346– 344 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA EBS-14. Remarks. It is a very common sublittoral species, mainly in shallow waters, along all European and North African coasts from Norway to Morocco and throughout the Mediterranean, not present on the Macaronesian islands (Oliver et al. 2019). Very few eroded shells (Fig. 21e) have been found in samples obtained at the depth range of 150–345 m, likely swept by the currents away from the coast., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Montagu, G. (1808) Supplement to Testacea Britannica with Additional Plates. Woolmer, Exeter, v + 183 pp., pls. 17 - 30.","Philippi, R. A. (1836) Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, quae in itinere suo observavit. Vol. 1. Schropp, Berlin, XIV + 303 pp., tabs. XIII - XXVIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100735","Da Costa, E. M. (1778) Historia naturalis testaceorum Britanniae, or, the British conchology; containing the descriptions and other particulars of natural history of the shells of Great Britain and Ireland: illustrated with figures. Millan, White, Emsley & Robson, London, 254 pp., XVII pls.","Montagu, G. (1803) Testacea Britannica or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures. Vol. 1 & 2. J. White, London, pp. i - xxxvii + 1 - 291 pp. & pp. 293 - 606, pls. 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33927","Kanmacher, F. (1798) Essays on the microscope. The Second Edition, with considerable additions and improvements. Dillon & Keating, London, xvii + 724 pp, 32 pls.","Oliver, J. D., Rolan, E. & Templado, J. (2019) The littoral species of the genus Crisilla Monterosato, 1917 (Caenogastropoda, Rissoidae) in Azores, Madeira, Selvagens and Canary Islands with notes on West African taxa and the description of four new species. Iberus, 37 (1), 23 - 80."]}

Genus Obtusella Cossmann, 1921 Type species: Obtusella intersecta (S. Wood, 1857), by monotypy., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Wood, S. V. (1857) A monograph of the Crag Mollusca with descriptions of shells from the Upper Tertiaries of the British Isles. 2. Bivalves. Palaeontographical SocietyLondon, Part 2, 217 - 342, pl. 21 - 31. [1857] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1857.12023334"]}

Alvania porcupinae Gofas & Warén, 1982 (Fig. 11) Material examined. ( 1 empty shell): SPAIN • 1 sh; 43° 34.86′N, 009° 21.95′W to 43° 36.44′N, 009° 20.71′W; 1010–1112 m; 15–30 Sep. 2008; DIVA-Artabria II EBS-04. Remarks. Alvania porcupinae is known from the Bay of Biscay to off Canary Islands (not found in the Mediterranean) in a wide depth range (800–4700 m) (Bouchet & Warén 1993; Hoenselaar & Goud 1998), and it is one of the few rissoids occurring at abyssal depths (Sysoev 2014). Within the material studied only one shell (Fig. 11a) was found in a sample collected at 1050 m in depth. According to Bouchet & Warén (1993) A. porcupinae belongs to the same lineage as A. electa, A. adinogramma and A. cancapae, characterized by similar teleoconch features and a finely granulated protoconch. As in the case of A. electa, this species is rather variable (see Bouchet & Warén 1993 in figures 1424–1429) and needs a deep revision. The shell here studied is quite similar to the one of figure 1426 in Bouchet & Warén (1993) from off southern Morocco, bearing square reticulate sculpture (Figs. 11a, g), but it is somewhat smaller (1.9 mm compared to 2.3 mm in the latter) and with a low number of spiral cords. Suture slightly channeled. About forty axial ribs in the body whorl, almost orthocline, somewhat narrower than the interspaces which adapically deviated by a slight subsutural depression. The ribs are interrupted at the level of the apertural insertion, disappearing at the base. Flat spiral cords, slightly wider than the ribs and somewhat narrower than their interspaces. Paucispiral dome protoconch (Figs. 11b–d) with almost smooth surface and abrupt transition to the teleoconch (Fig. 11f)., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Gofas, S. & Waren, A. (1982) Taxonomie de quelque especes du genre Alvania (Mollusca, Gastropoda) des cotes iberiques et marocaines. Bolletino Malacologico, 18 (1 - 4), 1 - 16,","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Hoenselaar, H. J. & Goud, J. (1998) The Rissoidae of the CANCAP expeditions, I: the genus Alvania Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Basteria, 62, 69 - 115.","Sysoev, A. V. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Gastropoda. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 134 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.14"]}

Alvania cancapae Bouchet & Warén, 1993 (Fig. 12) Material examined. ( 2 empty shells in the same sample): SPAIN • 2 sh; 44° 14.929′N, 008° 30.255′W to 44° 15.367′N, 008° 30.438′W; 2121–2516 m; 15–24 Jul. 2008; A SELVA AT-12. Remarks. Alvania cancapae is a variable species known from off southern Morocco and off Madeira and Canary islands in the depth range 270–2000 m (Bouchet & Warén, 1993; Hoenselaar & Goud, 1998) with stronger sculpture in shallower specimens. The two shells (of about 2.0 x 1.3 mm) found in one of the samples (collected deeper than 2000 m) have a weak axial sculpture (Fig. 12a), with very thin spiral threads narrower than interspaces overrunning the axial ribs (Figs. 12e, f), and faint spiral cords on the periumbilical area of the body whorl, but hardly visible on the spire. Protoconch of the shells studied of 1.25 convex whorls (Figs. 12b, c) whose surface is covered by minute granules (Fig. 12d). This species resembles to Alvania adinogramma Bouchet & Warén, 1993, Alvania microstriata Hoenselaar & Goud, 1998 and Alavania seinensis Gofas, 2007, a group which seems restricted to the Lusitanian seamounts and Madeira (Gofas 2007). The present records represent a northward range extension of the species., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Hoenselaar, H. J. & Goud, J. (1998) The Rissoidae of the CANCAP expeditions, I: the genus Alvania Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Basteria, 62, 69 - 115.","Gofas, S. (2007) Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from northeast Atlantic semounts. Journal of Natural History, 41 (13 - 16), 779 - 885. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701298085"]}

Onoba semicostata (Montagu, 1803) (Fig. 21f) Material examined. (2 empty shells in 2 samples): SPAIN • 1 sh 42° 30.391′ N, 009° 19.517′ W to 42° 29.428′ N, 009° 17.924′ W; 147–148 m; 17–28 SeP. 2004; VERTIDOS AG-EBS-150 • 1 sh; Polygon delimited by Points 44° 10.000′ N, 009° 00.000′ W /44° 10.000′ N, 008° 35.000′ W/44° 00.000′ N; 009° 00.000′ W/44° 07.000′ N; 008° 35.000′ W; 417–668 m; SARRIDAL (2006–07) SARRI-3. Remarks. It is a common sublittoral NE Atlantic, usually from the intertidal zone to about 100 m depth, and rarely deeper (Fretter & Graham 1978; Nekhaev et al. 2014). Bouchet & Warén (1993) did not include it among the NE Atlantic bathyal species. Only two empty shells and one fragment were found from two samples. One of the shells from 417–668 m was well preserved (Fig. 21f), which is surprising since O. semicostata is a shallow-water species., Published as part of Oliver, Joan Daniel, Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano, Díaz-Agras, Guillermo & Templado, José, 2022, Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7224080, {"references":["Montagu, G. (1803) Testacea Britannica or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures. Vol. 1 & 2. J. White, London, pp. i - xxxvii + 1 - 291 pp. & pp. 293 - 606, pls. 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33927","Fretter, V. & Graham, A. (1978) The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 4: Marine Rissoacea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, Supplement 6, 153 - 194.","Nekhaev, I. O., Deart, Y. V. & Lubin, P. A. (2014) Molluscs of the genus Onoba H. Adams & A. Adams, 1852 from the Barents Sea and adjacent waters (Gastropoda: Rissoidae). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 318 (3), 268 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / trudyzin / 2014.318.3.268","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bolletino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732"]}

Population connectivity studies are a useful tool for species management and conservation planning, particular of highly threatened or endangered species. Here, we evaluated the genetic structure and connectivity pattern of the endangered coral Cladocora caespitosa across its entire distribution range in the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, we examined the relative importance of sexual and asexual reproduction in the studied populations and their genetic diversity. A total of 541 individuals from 20 localities were sampled and analysed with 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Of the genotyped individuals, 482 (89%) had unique multilocus genotypes. Clonality percentages of the populations varied from 0% (in eight populations) to nearly 69% (in one population from Crete). A heterozygosity deficit and a high degree of inbreeding was the general trend in our data set. Population differentiation in C. caespitosa was characterised by significant pairwise FST values with lower ones observed at an intraregional scale and higher ones, between populations from different biogeographic regions. Genetic structure analyses showed that the populations are divided according to the three main sub-basins of the Mediterranean Sea: the Western (Balearic, Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas), the Central (Adriatic and Ionian seas) and the Eastern (Levantine and Aegean seas), coinciding with previously described gene flow barriers. However, the three easternmost populations were also clearly separated from one another, and a substructure was observed for the other studied areas. An isolation-by-distance pattern was found among, but not within, the three main population groups. This substructure is mediated mainly by dispersal along the coastline and some resistance to larval movement through the open sea. Despite the low dispersal ability and high self-recruitment rate of C. caespitosa, casual dispersive events between regions seem to be enough to maintain the species’ considerable genetic diversity. Understanding the population connectivity and structure of this endangered scleractinian coral allows for more informed conservation decision making., This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant reference: CTM 2014-57949-R), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant reference: PID 2019-108644 GB-I00), the project Coralien funded by the Fundación Biodiversidad (Spanish Ministry of Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge), and the European project CoCoNET “Towards COast to COast NETworks of marine protected areas (from the shore to the high and deep sea), coupled with sea-based wind energy potential” from the VII FP of the European Commission (grant agreement n° 287844). ENALIA’s research program and Nephila Works Ltd. also provided financial support.