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3. Fenofibrate intervention and event lowering in diabetes (FIELD) study: baseline characteristics and short-term effects of fenofibrate [ISRCTN64783481]

Author

Scott, R, Best, J, Forder, P, Taskinen, M-R, Simes, J, Barter, P, Keech, A, Colman, P, D'Emden, M, Davis, T, Drury, P, Ehnholm, C, Glasziou, P, Hunt, D, Kesaniemi, YA, Laakso, M, Simes, RJ, Sullivan, D, Whiting, M, Ansquer, J-C, Fraitag, B, Anderson, N, Hankey, G, Lehto, S, Mann, S, Romo, M, Li, LP, Hennekens, C, MacMahon, S, Pocock, S, Tonkin, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Akauola, H, Alford, F, Beinart, I, Bohra, S, Boyages, S, Connor, H, Darnell, D, Davoren, P, Lepre, F, De Looze, F, Duffield, A, Fassett, R, Flack, J, Fulcher, G, Grant, S, Hamwood, S, Harmelin, D, Jackson, R, Jeffries, W, Kamp, M, Kritharides, L, Mahar, L, McCann, V, McIntyre, D, Moses, R, Newnham, H, Nicholson, G, O'Brien, R, Park, K, Petrovsky, N, Phillips, P, Pinn, G, Simmons, D, Stanton, K, Stuckey, B, Sullivan, DR, Suranyi, M, Suthers, M, Tan, Y, Templer, M, Topliss, D, Waites, JH, Watts, G, Welborn, T, Wyndham, R, Haapamaki, H, Kesaniemi, A, Lahtela, J, Levanen, H, Saltevo, J, Sodervik, H, Taskinen, M, Vanhala, M, Baker, J, Burton, A, Dixon, P, Doran, J, Dunn, P, Graham, N, Hamer, A, Hedley, J, Lloyd, J, Manning, P, McPherson, I, Morris, S, Renner, C, Smith, R, Wackrow, M, Young, S, Alard, F, Alcoe, J, Allan, C, Amerena, J, Anderson, R, Arnold, N, Arsov, T, Ashby, D, Atkinson, C, Badhni, L, Balme, M, Barton, D, Batrouney, B, Beare, C, Beattie, T, Beggs, J, Bendall, C, Benz, A, Bond, A, Bradfield, R, Bradshaw, J, Brearley, S, Bruce, D, Burgess, J, Butler, J, Callary, M, Campbell, J, Chambers, K, Chow, J, Chow, S, Ciszek, K, Clifton, P, Clifton-Bligh, P, Clowes, V, Coates, P, Cocks, C, Cole, S, Colquhoun, D, Correcha, M, Costa, B, Coverdale, S, Croft, M, Crowe, J, Dal Sasso, S, Davis, W, Dunn, J, Edwards, S, Elder, R, El-Kaissi, S, Emery, L, England, M, Farouque, O, Fernandez, M, Fitzpatrick, B, Francis, N, Freeman, P, Fuller, A, Gale, D, Gaylard, V, Gillzan, C, Glatthaar, C, Goddard, J, Grange, V, Greenaway, T, Griffin, J, Grogan, A, Guha, S, Gustafson, J, Hamblin, PS, Hannay, T, Hardie, C, Harper, A, Hartl, G, Harvey, A, Havlin, S, Haworth, K, Hay, P, Hay, L, Heenan, B, Hesketh, R, Heyworth, A, Hines, M, Hockings, G, Hodge, A, Hoffman, L, Hoskin, L, Howells, M, Hunt, A, Inder, W, Jackson, D, Jovanovska, A, Kearins, K, Kee, P, Keen, J, Kilpatrick, D, Kindellan, J, Kingston-Ray, M, Kotowicz, M, Lassig, A, Layton, M, Lean, S, Lim, E, Long, F, Lucas, L, Ludeman, D, Ludeman-Robertson, C, Lyall, M, Lynch, L, Maddison, C, Malkus, B, Marangou, A, Margrie, F, Matthiesson, K, Matthiesson, J, Maxwell, S, McCarthy, K, McElduff, A, Mckee, H, McKenzie, J, McLachan, K, McNair, P, Meischke, M, Miller, AMC, Morrison, B, Morton, A, Mossman, W, Mowat, A, Muecke, J, Murie, P, Murray, S, Nadorp, P, Nair, S, Nairn, J, Nankervis, A, Narayan, K, Nattrass, N, Ngui, J, Nicholls, S, Nicholls, V, Nye, JA, Nye, E, O'Neal, D, O'Neill, M, O'Rourke, S, Pearse, J, Pearson, C, Phillips, J, Pittis, L, Playford, D, Porter, L, Portley, R, Powell, M, Preston, C, Pringle, S, Quinn, WA, Raffaele, J, Ramnath, G, Ramsden, J, Richtsteiger, D, Roffe, S, Rosen, S, Ross, G, Ross, Z, Rowe, J, Rumble, D, Ryan, S, Sansom, J, Seymour, C, Shanahan, E, Shelly, S, Shepherd, J, Sherman, G, Siddall, R, Silva, D, Simmons, S, Simpson, R, Sinha, A, Slobodniuk, R, Smith, M, Smith, P, Smith, S, Smith-Orr, V, Snow, J, Socha, L, Stack, T, Steed, K, Steele, K, Stephensen, J, Stevens, P, Stewart, G, Stewart, R, Strakosch, C, Sullivan, M, Sunder, S, Sunderland, J, Tapp, E, Taylor, J, Thorn, D, Tolley, A, Torpy, D, Truran, G, Turner, F, Turner, J, Van de Velde, J, Varley, S, Wallace, J, Walsh, J, Walshe, J, Ward, G, Watson, B, Watson, J, Webb, A, Werner, F, White, E, Whitehouse, A, Whitehouse, N, Wigg, S, Wilkinson, J, Wilmshurst, E, Wilson, D, Wittert, G, Wong, B, Wong, M, Worboys, S, Wright, S, Wu, S, Yarker, J, Yeo, M, Young, K, Youssef, J, Yuen, R, Zeimer, H, Ziffer, RW, Aura, A, Friman, A, Hanninen, J, Henell, J, Hyvarinen, N, Ikonen, M, Itkonen, A, Jappinen, J, Jarva, A, Jerkkola, T, Jokinen, V, Juutilainen, J, Kahkonen, H, Kangas, T, Karttunen, M, Kauranen, P, Kortelainen, S, Koukkunen, H, Kumpulainen, L, Laitinen, T, Laitinen, M, Lehto, R, Leinonen, E, Lindstron-Karjalainen, M, Lumiaho, A, Makela, J, Makinen, K, Mannermaa, L, Mard, T, Miettinen, J, Naatti, V, Paavola, S, Parssinen, N, Ripatti, J, Ruotsalainen, S, Salo, A, Siiskonen, M, Soppela, A, Starck, J, Suonranta, I, Ukkola, L, Valli, K, Virolainen, J, Allan, P, Arnold, W, Bagg, W, Balfour, K, Ball, T, Ballantine, B, Ballantyne, C, Barker, C, Bartley, F, Berry, E, Braatvedt, G, Campbell, A, Clarke, T, Clarke, R, Claydon, A, Clayton, S, Cresswell, P, Cutfield, R, Daffurn, J, Delahunt, J, Dissnayake, A, Eagleton, C, Ferguson, C, Florkowski, C, Fry, D, Giles, P, Gluyas, M, Grant, C, Guile, P, Guolo, M, Hale, P, Hammond, M, Healy, P, Hills, M, Hinge, J, Holland, J, Hyne, B, Ireland, A, Johnstone, A, Jones, S, Kerr, G, Kerr, K, Khant, M, Krebs, J, Law, L, Lydon, B, MacAuley, K, McEwan, R, McGregor, P, McLaren, B, McLeod, L, Medforth, J, Miskimmin, R, Moffat, J, Pickup, M, Prentice, C, Rahman, M, Reda, E, Ross, C, Ryalls, A, Schmid, D, Shergill, N, Snaddon, A, Snell, H, Stevens, L, Waterman, A, Watts, V, Jayne, K, Keirnan, E, Newman, P, Ritchie, G, Rosenfeld, A, Beller, E, Gebski, V, Pillai, A, Anderson, C, Blakesmith, S, Chan, S-Y, Czyniewski, S, Dobbie, A, Doshi, S, Dupuy, A, Eckermann, S, Edwards, M, Fields, N, Flood, K, Ford, S, French, C, Gillies, S, Greig, C, Groshens, M, Gu, J, Guo, Y, Hague, W, Healy, S, Hones, L, Hossain, Z, Howlett, M, Lee, J, Li, L-P, Matthews, T, Micallef, J, Martin, A, Minns, I, Nguyen, A, Papuni, F, Patel, A, Pike, R, Pena, M, Pinto, K, Schipp, D, Schroeder, J, Sim, B, Sodhi, C, Sourjina, T, Sutton, C, Taylor, R, Vlagsma, P, Walder, S, Walker, R, Wong, W, Zhang, J, Zhong, B, Kokkonen, A, Narva, P, Niemi, E-L, Syrjanen, A-M, Lintott, C, Tirimacco, R, Kajosaari, M, Raman, L, Sundvall, J, Tukianen, M, Crimet, D, Sirugue, I, and Aubonnet, P

Subjects
Male, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Atorvastatin, Coronary Disease, Fibrate, SECONDARY PREVENTION, ATORVASTATIN, law.invention, Placebos, Randomized controlled trial, Fenofibrate, law, Myocardial infarction, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Finland, Original Investigation, Hypolipidemic Agents, PLASMA, CHOLESTEROL, Middle Aged, INSULIN, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Diabetes Complications, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, Obesity, Triglycerides, Aged, Apolipoproteins B, Bezafibrate, Science & Technology, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Australia, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, BEZAFIBRATE, FIELD Study Investigators, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, business, HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN, New Zealand
Abstract

Objective The Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study is examining the effects of long-term fibrate therapy on coronary heart disease (CHD) event rates in patients with diabetes mellitus. This article describes the trial's run-in phase and patients' baseline characteristics. Research design and methods FIELD is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 63 centres in 3 countries evaluating the effects of fenofibrate versus placebo on CHD morbidity and mortality in 9795 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were to have no indication for lipid-lowering therapy on randomization, but could start these or other drugs at any time after randomization. Follow-up in the study was to be for a median duration of not less than 5 years and until 500 major coronary events (fatal coronary heart disease plus nonfatal myocardial infarction) had occurred. Results About 2100 patients (22%) had some manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline and thus high risk status. Less than 25% of patients without CVD had a (UKPDS determined) calculated 5-year CHD risk of 30), most were men, two-thirds were aged over 60 years, and substantial proportions had NCEP ATP III features of the metabolic syndrome independent of their diabetes, including low HDL (60%), high blood pressure measurement or treatment for hypertension (84%), high waist measurement (68%), and raised triglycerides (52%). After a 6-week run-in period before randomisation with all participants receiving 200 mg comicronized fenofibrate, there were declines in total and LDL cholesterol (10%) and triglycerides (26%) and an increase in HDL cholesterol (6.5%). Conclusion The study will show the effect of PPAR-alpha agonist action on CHD and other vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes including substantial numbers with low to moderate CVD risk but with the various components of the metabolic syndrome. The main results of the study will be reported in late 2005.

Published
2005

4. The need for a large-scale trial of fibrate therapy in diabetes: The rationale and design of the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study. [ISRCTN64783481]

Author

Barter, P, Best, J, Colman, P, d'Emden, M, Davis, T, Drury, P, Ehnholm, C, Glasziou, P, Hunt, D, Keech, A, Laakso, M, Scott, R, Simes, RJ, Sullivan, D, Taskinen, M-R, Whiting, M, Ansquer, J-C, Fraitag, B, Anderson, N, Hankey, G, Lehto, S, Mann, S, Romo, M, Li, LP, Akauola, H, Alford, F, Beinart, I, Bohra, S, Boyages, S, Connor, H, Darnell, D, Davoren, P, Lepre, F, De Looze, D, Duffield, A, Fassett, R, Flack, J, Fulcher, G, Grant, S, Hamwood, S, Harmelin, D, Jackson, R, Jeffries, W, Kamp, M, Kritharides, L, Mahar, L, McCann, V, McIntyre, D, Moses, R, Newnham, H, Nicholson, G, O'Brien, R, Park, K, Petrovsky, N, Phillips, P, Pinn, G, Simmons, D, Stanton, K, Stuckey, B, Sullivan, DR, Suranyi, M, Suthers, M, Tan, Y, Templer, M, Topliss, D, Waites, JH, Watts, G, Welborn, T, Wyndham, R, Haapamaki, H, Kesaniemi, A, Lahtela, J, Levanen, H, Saltevo, J, Sodervik, H, Taskinen, M, and Vanhala, M

Abstract

Background: Fibrates correct the typical lipid abnormalities of type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet no study, to date, has specifically set out to evaluate the role of fibrate therapy in preventing cardiovascular events in this setting. Methods: Subjects with type 2 diabetes, aged 50-75 years, were screened for eligibility to participate in a long-term trial of comicronized fenofibrate 200 mg daily compared with matching placebo to assess benefits of treatment on the occurrence of coronary and other vascular events. People with total cholesterol levels 3.0-6.5 mmol/L plus either a total-to-HDLc ratio >4.0 or triglyceride level >1.0 mmol /L with no clear indication for lipid-modifying therapy were eligible. Results: A total of 9795 people were randomized into the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial. All received dietary advice, followed by a 6-week single-blind placebo run-in, then a 6-week active run-in period before randomization. Participants are being followed up every 6 months for outcome events and safety assessments. The study is designed to yield at least 500 coronary events (primary endpoint: first nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary death) over 5 years, to have 80% power to identify as statistically significant at 2P = 0.05 a 22% reduction in such events, using intention-to-treat methods. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. The current evidence about use of fibrates in type 2 diabetes, from around 2000 people treated, will increase with FIELD to evidence from around 12000. FIELD will establish the role of fenofibrate treatment in reducing cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes. The main results are expected to be available in late 2005. © 2004 The FIELD Study Investigators; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Published
2004

5. Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study: Baseline characteristics and short-term effects of fenofibrate [ISRCTN64783481]

Author

Keech, AC, Scott, R, Best, J, Forder, P, Taskinen, MR, Simes, J, Barter, P, Colman, P, d'Emden, M, Davis, T, Drury, P, Ehnholm, C, Glasziou, P, Hunt, D, Kesaniemi, YA, Laakso, M, Simes, RJ, Sullivan, D, Whiting, M, Ansquer, JC, Fraitag, B, Anderson, N, Hankey, G, Lehto, S, Mann, S, Romo, M, Li, LP, Hennekens, C, MacMahon, S, Pocock, S, Tonkin, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Akauola, H, Alford, F, Beinart, I, Bohra, S, Boyages, S, Connor, H, Darnell, D, Davoren, P, Lepre, F, De Looze, F, Duffield, A, Fassett, R, Flack, J, Fulcher, G, Grant, S, Hamwood, S, Harmelin, D, Jackson, R, Jeffries, W, Kamp, M, Kritharides, L, Mahar, L, McCann, V, McIntyre, D, Moses, R, Newnham, H, Nicholson, G, O'Brien, R, Park, K, Petrovsky, N, Phillips, P, Pinn, G, Simmons, D, Stanton, K, Stuckey, B, Sullivan, DR, Suranyi, M, Suthers, M, Tan, Y, Templer, M, Topliss, D, Waites, JH, Watts, G, Welborn, T, Wyndham, R, Haapamaki, H, Kesaniemi, A, Lahtela, J, Levanen, H, Saltevo, J, Sodervik, H, Taskinen, M, Vanhala, M, Baker, J, Burton, A, Dixon, P, Doran, J, Dunn, P, Graham, N, Hamer, A, Hedley, J, Lloyd, J, Manning, P, McPherson, I, Morris, S, Keech, AC, Scott, R, Best, J, Forder, P, Taskinen, MR, Simes, J, Barter, P, Colman, P, d'Emden, M, Davis, T, Drury, P, Ehnholm, C, Glasziou, P, Hunt, D, Kesaniemi, YA, Laakso, M, Simes, RJ, Sullivan, D, Whiting, M, Ansquer, JC, Fraitag, B, Anderson, N, Hankey, G, Lehto, S, Mann, S, Romo, M, Li, LP, Hennekens, C, MacMahon, S, Pocock, S, Tonkin, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Akauola, H, Alford, F, Beinart, I, Bohra, S, Boyages, S, Connor, H, Darnell, D, Davoren, P, Lepre, F, De Looze, F, Duffield, A, Fassett, R, Flack, J, Fulcher, G, Grant, S, Hamwood, S, Harmelin, D, Jackson, R, Jeffries, W, Kamp, M, Kritharides, L, Mahar, L, McCann, V, McIntyre, D, Moses, R, Newnham, H, Nicholson, G, O'Brien, R, Park, K, Petrovsky, N, Phillips, P, Pinn, G, Simmons, D, Stanton, K, Stuckey, B, Sullivan, DR, Suranyi, M, Suthers, M, Tan, Y, Templer, M, Topliss, D, Waites, JH, Watts, G, Welborn, T, Wyndham, R, Haapamaki, H, Kesaniemi, A, Lahtela, J, Levanen, H, Saltevo, J, Sodervik, H, Taskinen, M, Vanhala, M, Baker, J, Burton, A, Dixon, P, Doran, J, Dunn, P, Graham, N, Hamer, A, Hedley, J, Lloyd, J, Manning, P, McPherson, I, and Morris, S

Abstract

Objective: The Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study is examining the effects of long-term fibrate therapy on coronary heart disease (CHD) event rates in patients with diabetes mellitus. This article describes the trial's run-in phase and patients' baseline characteristics. Research design and methods: FIELD is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 63 centres in 3 countries evaluating the effects of fenofibrate versus placebo on CHD morbidity and mortality in 9795 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were to have no indication for lipid-lowering therapy on randomization, but could start these or other drugs at any time after randomization. Follow-up in the study was to be for a median duration of not less than 5 years and until 500 major coronary events (fatal coronary heart disease plus nonfatal myocardial infarction) had occurred. Results: About 2100 patients (22%) had some manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline and thus high risk status. Less than 25% of patients without CVD had a (UKPDS determined) calculated 5-year CHD risk of <5%, but nearly all had a 5-year stroke risk of <10%. Despite this, half of the cohort were obese (BMI >30), most were men, two-thirds were aged over 60 years, and substantial proportions had NCEP ATP III features of the metabolic syndrome independent of their diabetes, including low HDL (60%), high blood pressure measurement (41%), high waist measurement (65%), and raised triglycerides (52%). After a 6-week run-in period before randomisation with all participants receiving 200 mg comicronized fenofibrate, there were declines in total and LDL cholesterol (10%) and triglycerides (26%) and an increase in HDL cholesterol (6.5%). Conclusion: The study will show the effect of PPAR-alpha agonist action on CHD and other vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes including substantial numbers with low to moderate CVD risk but with the various components of the metabolic

Published
2005

6. Photometric measurements of solar irradiance variations due to sunspots

Author

Chapman, G. A, Herzog, A. D, Laico, D. E, Lawrence, J. K, and Templer, M. S

Subjects
Solar Physics
Abstract

A photometric telescope constructed to obtain photometric sunspot areas and deficits on a daily basis is described. Data from this Cartesian full disk telescope (CFDT) are analyzed with attention given to the period between June 4 and June 17, 1985 because of the availability of overlapping sunspot area and irradiance deficit data from high-resolution digital spectroheliograms made with the San Fernando Observatory 28 cm vacuum solar telescope and spectroheliograph. The CFDT sunspot deficits suggest a substantial irradiance contribution from faculae and active region plage.

Published
1989
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7. Effect of Surface Acidity of Al<INF>2</INF>O<INF>3</INF> on Its Interactions with Lubricant Additives

Author

Templer, M. and Chvedov, D.

Abstract

The effect of the surface acidities of various aluminum oxides on the energy of adsorption of selective organic species has been studied by means of flow adsorption microcalorimetry. The strength of interaction of dioctyl sebacate (one typical lubricant additive) with the surface of Al2O3 depends on the amount of surface water and on the charge of surface hydroxide groups, with the positive and neutral charges being favorable. Temperature affects dioctyl sebacate adsorption by partially removing water molecules from the surface and exposing active sites, which then become available for adsorptive interactions. Al2O3 surfaces of various acidities have also been characterized using flow microcalorimetry and 1-butanol as a probe molecule. The adsorption capacity of 1-butanol on acidic Al2O3 is twice as much as that on the neutral and basic oxides.

Published
2002
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9. Demonstration of the extrinsic coagulation pathway in teleostei: identification of zebrafish coagulation factor VII.

Author

Sheehan J, Templer M, Gregory M, Hanumanthaiah R, Troyer D, Phan T, Thankavel B, and Jagadeeswaran P

Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, DNA, Complementary, Gene Expression, Mice, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Structure, Secondary, Rabbits, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Factor VII genetics, Zebrafish genetics
Abstract

It is not known whether the mammalian mechanism of coagulation initiation is conserved in fish. Identification of factor VII is critical in providing evidence for such a mechanism. A cDNA was cloned from a zebrafish (teleost) library that predicted a protein with sequence similarity to human factor VII. Factor VII was shown to be present in zebrafish blood and liver by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Immunodepletion of factor VII from zebrafish plasma selectively inhibited thromboplastin-triggered thrombin generation. Heterologous expression of zebrafish factor VII demonstrated a secreted protein (50 kDa) that reconstituted thromboplastin-triggered thrombin generation in immunodepleted zebrafish plasma. These results suggest conservation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway between zebrafish and humans and add credence to the zebrafish as a model for mammalian hemostasis. The structure of zebrafish factor VIIa predicted by homology modeling was consistent with the overall three-dimensional structure of human factor VIIa. However, amino acid disparities were found in the epidermal growth factor-2/serine protease regions that are present in the human tissue factor-factor VIIa contact surface, suggesting a structural basis for the species specificity of this interaction. In addition, zebrafish factor VII demonstrates that the Gla-EGF-EGF-SP domain structure, which is common to coagulation factors VII, IX, X, and protein C, was present before the radiation of the teleosts from the tetrapods. Identification of zebrafish factor VII significantly narrows the evolutionary window for development of the vertebrate coagulation cascade and provides insight into the structural basis for species specificity in the tissue factor-factor VIIa interaction.

Published
2001
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10. Rapid method for recovery of DNA from agarose gels.

Author

Lu Z, Templer M, and Nielsen BL

Subjects
Bacteriophage lambda genetics, Blotting, Southern, Cloning, Molecular, Deoxyribonuclease HindIII, Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, Ethidium, Filtration, Paper, DNA, Viral isolation & purification, Sepharose chemistry
Published
1994

11. "Carboloading" and dehydration.

Author

Travis SP and Templer MJ

Subjects
Adult, Gluconeogenesis drug effects, Humans, Male, Dehydration prevention & control, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Running, Sports Medicine
Published
1981
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12. Study of acute trichinosis in Ghurkas: specificity and sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for IgM and IgE antibodies to Trichinella larval antigens in diagnosis.

Author

Au AC, Ko RC, Simon JW, Ridell NJ, Wong FW, and Templer MJ

Subjects
Biopsy, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Hemagglutination Tests, Hong Kong, Humans, Immunoglobulin E analysis, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Immunoglobulin M analysis, Male, Military Medicine, Muscles parasitology, Nepal ethnology, Radioimmunoassay, Trichinella immunology, Trichinellosis diagnosis
Abstract

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was successfully applied to detect IgE antibodies against parasitic antigens by using an additional antibody layer to attain an amplification effect. The sera of 18 Gurkha patients with clinical manifestations of acute trichinosis and 35 Chinese with other parasitic infections were tested for antibodies to Trichinella spiralis by IgE-, IgM- and IgG-ELISA, IgG-radioimmunoassay (RIA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). ELISAs for detection of IgE and IgM antibodies provided a 100% specific and sensitive diagnosis. Although IHA, IgG-RIA and IgG-ELISA detected antibodies in 94% of patients, non-specific reactions were also observed in the two last named methods. Muscle biopsies were positive in only 56% of patients.

Published
1983
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13. Further observations on the first documented outbreak of trichinosis in Hong Kong.

Author

Simon JW, Riddell NJ, Wong WT, Au AC, Ko RC, and Templer MJ

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Creatine Kinase blood, Edema etiology, Eosinophils, Face, Hong Kong, Humans, Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase blood, Leukocyte Count, Male, Muscles parasitology, Trichinellosis epidemiology
Abstract

The first documented report of human trichinosis in Hong Kong is described comprising an outbreak amongst 20 Gurkha soldiers following a barbecue. The cardinal clinical features were fever, myalgia and facial oedema and the most useful laboratory tests were eosinophilia and elevated levels of creatinine phosphokinase. Gastrointestinal symptoms were uncommon. Seven patients who developed electrocardiographic abnormalities are the subject of an ongoing study. Four patients had psychiatric manifestations. Splinter haemorrhages, hypocalcaemia and evidence of renal dysfunction were absent. The parasite was recovered from 13 of patients and the diagnosis confirmed serologically in all. The value of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM and IgE antibodies is emphasized in that it is 100% specific and sensitive. Thiabendazole alone was used in treatment and all patients recovered.

Published
1986
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