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4. Phytophagy

Author

Jervis, Mark A., Tena, Alejandro, Heimpel, George E., Hardy, Ian C.W., editor, and Wajnberg, Eric, editor

Published
2023
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13. New crop, new pest, old ants: Crop colonisation by native ants disrupt biological control of an invasive mealybug in Mediterranean persimmon.

Author

Plata, Ángel, Gómez‐Martínez, María A., Beitia, Francisco J., and Tena, Alejandro

Abstract

Crop expansion is generally followed by an increase of herbivores. Some of these herbivore species can be favoured by mutualisms with ants that can also colonise introduced crops. Here, we hypothesized that the invasive mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus has established mutualistic relationships with native or exotic ants in Mediterranean persimmon crop. This relationship could negatively impact mealybug natural enemies and facilitate the colonisation of this new crop by the mealybug.To test this hypothesis, we sampled 17 persimmon orchards from the main producing area of the Mediterranean basin across two consecutive years and three different seasons. We identified the ant complex attending Ps. longispinus, calculated the ant attendance ratios and assessed the density dependence between tending ants and Ps. longispinus at mealybug colony level. Finally, we evaluated the effect of ants on the density of Ps. longispinus and its natural enemies at tree level.Fifteen ant species were found foraging in persimmon trees, out of which 11 attended Ps. longispinus colonies. The Mediterranean native species Lasius grandis, Pheidole pallidula and Plagiolepis spp. were the most abundant ant species in the canopies, and La. grandis was the most abundant species attending Ps. longispinus. This ant tended to attend large colonies of the mealybug in spring and summer.Pseudococcus longispinus density was positively correlated with ant activity in persimmon trees, which can be partially explained by the negative effect of ants on the mealybug parasitism and the density of potential predators.This study suggests that the density and damage caused by Ps. longispinus in Mediterranean persimmon are exacerbated by the attendance of native ants that disrupt mealybug biological control. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that ant attendance is a driving factor determining the density of honeydew‐producing herbivores and highlight that native ant species may facilitate the establishment and spread of exotic honeydew‐producing pests in new crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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25. Not just candy: A herbivore‐induced defence‐related plant protein in honeydew enhances natural enemy fitness.

Author

Urbaneja‐Bernat, Pablo, Rodriguez‐Saona, Cesar, Valero, M. Luz, González‐Cabrera, Joel, and Tena, Alejandro

Subjects
HONEYDEW, PLANT enzymes, PLANT proteins, SUPEROXIDE dismutase, MEALYBUGS, PLANT metabolites
Abstract

Copyright of Functional Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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30. Using Beacons for Creating Comprehensive Virtual Profiles

Author

Rodriguez, Angela Barriga, Tena, Alejandro Rodriguez, Garcia-Alonso, Jose, Berrocal, Javier, Rosco, Ricardo Flores, Murillo, Juan M., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, García, Carmelo R., editor, Caballero-Gil, Pino, editor, Burmester, Mike, editor, and Quesada-Arencibia, Alexis, editor

Published
2016
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40. Exclusion of Mediterranean ant species enhances biological control of the invasive mealybug Delottococcus aberiae in citrus

Author

Plata, Ángel, Gómez-Martínez, María A., Beitia, Francisco J., and Tena, Alejandro

Subjects
Ant-attendance, H10 Pests of plants, Citrus, Delottococcus aberiae, H01 Protection of plants - General aspects, Mediterranean ants, U40 Surveying methods, Hemiptera, Honeydew, Mutualism, Physical barriers, Biological control, Ant-exclusion, U10 Mathematical and statistical methods, Lasius grandis
Abstract

Background: Delottococcus aberiae is an invasive mealybug that produces severe damage in Spanish citrus. This mealybug has established a mutualistic relationship with native Mediterranean ant species that may limit biological control of this pest. Herein, we evaluated the effect of tending ants on the biological control of D. aberiae. To do this, we compared: (I) the density of D. aberiae, (II) the density of its natural enemies, and (III) the damage produced by the mealybug in trees with (control) and without ants (ants excluded with sticky barriers) in two citrus orchards across two consecutive years. Results: Lasius grandis was the most abundant ant species in both orchards and represented more than 95% of the ants tending D. aberiae in control trees. Spiders and lacewings were the most abundant predators observed in mealybug colonies, and the exclusion of mutualistic ants increased their abundance. Moreover, in control trees, ant activity throughout the year was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of predators (number of predators per mealybug). No parasitoids were recovered during field experiments. Ant exclusion reduced the density of D. aberiae and the ratio of damaged fruit at harvest across years and orchards. Conclusions: This work corroborates the previous finding that D. aberiae benefits from its mutualistic relationship with L. grandis, probably because the presence of ants reduced the abundance of generalist predators. This mutualism can be disrupted using physical barriers on the trunk. Further research should assess other methods of ant control that are more economic and feasible for citrus producers.

Published
2023

49. Insecticide-contaminated honeydew : risks for beneficial insects

Author

Calvo-Agudo, Miguel, Tooker, John F., Dicke, Marcel, Tena, Alejandro, Calvo-Agudo, Miguel, Tooker, John F., Dicke, Marcel, and Tena, Alejandro

Abstract

Honeydew is the sugar-rich excretion of phloem-feeding hemipteran insects such as aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies, and psyllids, and can be a main carbohydrate source for beneficial insects in some ecosystems. Recent research has revealed that water-soluble, systemic insecticides contaminate honeydew excreted by hemipterans that feed on plants treated with these insecticides. This contaminated honeydew can be toxic to beneficial insects, such as pollinators, parasitic wasps and generalist predators that feed on it. This route of exposure has now been demonstrated in three plant species, for five systemic insecticides and four hemipteran species; therefore, we expect this route to be widely available in some ecosystems. In this perspective paper, we highlight the importance of this route of exposure by exploring: (i) potential pathways through which honeydew might be contaminated with insecticides; (ii) hemipteran families that are more likely to excrete contaminated honeydew; and (iii) systemic insecticides with different modes of action that might contaminate honeydew through the plant. Furthermore, we analyse several model scenarios in Europe and/or the USA where contaminated honeydew could be problematic for beneficial organisms that feed on this ubiquitous carbohydrate source. Finally, we explain why this route of exposure might be important when exotic, invasive, honeydew-producing species are treated with systemic insecticides. Overall, this review opens a new area of research in the field of ecotoxicology to understand how insecticides can reach non-target beneficial insects. In addition, we aim to shed light on potential undescribed causes of insect declines in ecosystems where honeydew is an important carbohydrate source for insects, and advocate for this route of exposure to be included in future environmental risk assessments.

Published
2022

50. Gutación de las plantas: una fuente nutritiva de alimento para insectos

Author

Urbaneja-Bernat, Pablo, Tena, Alejandro, González-Cabrera, Joel, Rodríguez-Saona, César, and Aguirrebengoa, Martín

Subjects
Control biológico, H10 Pests of plants, Interacciones multi-tróficas, U30 Research methods, L02 Animal feeding, H01 Protection of plants - General aspects, Alimentos derivados de las plantas, Comunidad de insectos, F60 Plant physiology and biochemistry
Abstract

La gutación de las plantas es un fluido que proviene del xilema y del floema y que es secretado en el borde de las hojas de muchas especies de plantas. Hasta ahora, todos los estudios previos han considerado la gutación de las plantas como una fuente de agua para los insectos. En este trabajo, hipotetizamos que la gutación de las plantas puede servir como una fuente de alimento rico en nutrientes para los insectos, y además con efectos sobre la comunidad de insectos. En esta investigación, utilizando el arándano como sistema de estudio, demostramos que las gotas de la gutación contienen una cantidad significativa de carbohidratos y proteínas. Además, insectos con distintos hábitos alimenticios, como un herbívoro, un parasitoide y un depredador vieron incrementada su longevidad y su fecundidad cuando se alimentaron de gotas de gutación comparado con los que se alimentaron de agua.

Published
2022

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