28 results on '"Tennant, Travis C."'
Search Results
2. Activity and rumination of implanted Charolais × Angus feedlot steers versus non-implanted counterparts consuming 3 levels of roughage throughout a 361-day feeding duration
- Author
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Pillmore, Sierra L., Kirkpatrick, Tylo J., Wesley, Kaitlyn R., Cooper, Kimberly B., Francis, Forest L., Tennant, Travis C., Nichols, Wade T., Hutcheson, John P., and Lawrence, Ty E.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
3. Carcass and non-carcass component yields of trenbolone acetate + estradiol-17β implanted steers vs. non-implanted steers across serial harvest endpoints
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Pillmore, Sierra L., Wesley, Kaitlyn R., Kirkpatrick, Tylo J., Cooper, Kimberly B., Francis, Forest L., Tennant, Travis C., Nichols, Wade T., Walter, Lee-Anne J., Hutcheson, John P., and Lawrence, Ty E.
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- 2024
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4. Effects of days on feed and growth implant administration on live growth performance, live and carcass biometric measures, and carcass grading outcomes
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Kirkpatrick, Tylo J., Wesley, Kaitlyn R., Pillmore, Sierra L., Cooper, Kimberly B., Francis, Forest L., Tennant, Travis C., Nichols, Wade T., Hutcheson, John P., Walter, Lee-Anne, and Lawrence, Ty E.
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- 2023
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5. Development of an experimental model for liver abscess induction in Holstein steers using an acidotic diet challenge and bacterial inoculation
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McDaniel, Zach S, primary, Hales, Kristin E, additional, Salih, Harith, additional, Deters, Alyssa, additional, Shi, Xiaorong, additional, Nagaraja, Tiruvoor G, additional, Lawrence, Ty E, additional, Tennant, Travis C, additional, Amachawadi, Raghavendra G, additional, Carroll, Jeff A, additional, Burdick Sanchez, Nicole C, additional, Galyean, Michael L, additional, Smock, Taylor M, additional, Ballou, Michael A, additional, Machado, Vinicius S, additional, Davis, Emily, additional, and Broadway, Paul R, additional
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
6. 300 Primeone Sire Comparison on Jersey Dairy Cows
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Belt, Kara, primary, Lawrence, Ty E, additional, Tennant, Travis C, additional, Lucherk, Loni W, additional, Lust, David G, additional, Richardson, Katylyn J, additional, and Perkins, Tommy L, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. PSXII-14 Effects of Feeding 10-G on Performance and Carcass Quality of Yearling Beef Steers
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Thompson, Aubrey C, primary, Lawrence, Ty E, additional, Lucherk, Loni W, additional, Martens, Kevin, additional, and Tennant, Travis C, additional
- Published
- 2023
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8. 401 Dietary Starch Dilution Strategies to Improve Feedlot Cattle Performance and Rumen Health
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Kobza, Anna M, primary, Young, James D, additional, Richeson, John T, additional, Lawrence, Ty E, additional, Tennant, Travis C, additional, and Samuelson, Kendall L, additional
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
9. 104 Development of an Experimental Model to Induce Liver Abscesses in Steers Using an Acidotic Diet Challenge and Oral Bacterial Inoculation
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McDaniel, Zach S, primary, Hales, Kristin E, additional, Nagaraja, T G, additional, Amachawadi, Raghavendra G, additional, Lawrence, Ty E, additional, Tennant, Travis C, additional, Carroll, Jeff A, additional, Burdick Sanchez, Nicole C, additional, Galyean, Michael, additional, Smock, Taylor M, additional, Ballou, Michael A, additional, Machado, Vinicius, additional, Davis, Emily M, additional, and Broadway, Rand, additional
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- 2023
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10. 230 Association of Lung Health with Carcass Performance
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Grimes, Becca B, primary, Tennant, Travis C, additional, and Lawrence, Ty E, additional
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- 2022
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11. PSIV-A-5 Comparison of Left vs Right Body Composition Endpoints in Beef Cattle Using Carcass Ultrasound
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Jesko, Noah P, primary, Tennant, Travis C, additional, Lawrence, Ty E, additional, and Perkins, Tommy L, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. PSVI-27 Relationship of volatile compounds and consumer sensory traits from New Zealand grass-fed and American grain-fed beef strip loins varying in marbling level and wet aging time
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Tilton, Travis J, primary, Lucherk, Loni W, additional, Tennant, Travis C, additional, Lawrence, Ty E, additional, O’Quinn, Travis, additional, Legako, Jerrad F, additional, Brooks, Chance, additional, and Miller, Mark F, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. PSIII-10 The effect of a direct-fed microbial (10-G) on live animal performance and carcass characteristics of fed beef heifers
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Mayer, Lauren M, primary, Martens, Kevin, additional, Lucherk, Loni W, additional, Lawrence, Ty E, additional, and Tennant, Travis C, additional
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- 2021
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14. PSIII-6 Relationship of geographical location, cattle type, sex, and pen size to rates of liver abnormalities
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Grimes, Becca B, primary, Johnson, Jay W, additional, McEvers, Trent, additional, Tennant, Travis C, additional, Lucherk, Loni W, additional, and Lawrence, Ty E, additional
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- 2021
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15. Effect of a direct-fed microbial (10-G Armor) on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and prevalence of Salmonella in fed-beef heifers.
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Mayer, Lauren M, Martens, Kevin, Word, Alyssa B, Holland, Ben P, Lucherk, Loni L, Lawrence, Ty E, and Tennant, Travis C
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HEIFERS ,SALMONELLA ,ENTEROCOCCUS faecium ,LACTOBACILLUS brevis ,LIVER abscesses ,LACTOBACILLUS acidophilus - Abstract
Crossbred beef heifers (N = 1,394; initial shrunk body weight [BW] 291 ± 9.9 kg) were used to investigate the efficacy of 10-G Armor (Life Products, Inc. Norfolk, NE; 10-G) upon feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal and subiliac lymph nodes Salmonella prevalence. Heifers were blocked by day of arrival and allocated to 1 of 20 pens (N = 70 heifers/pen) and assigned one of two treatments (10 pens/treatment): no direct-fed microbial (CON) or 2 g/heifer/d of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum , respectively (Life Products, Inc. Norfolk, NE; 10-G). Twenty-four animals were randomly selected from each pen for Salmonella sampling. Recto-anal mucosal swab samples (RAMS) were obtained at initial processing and harvest; subiliac lymph nodes were collected at harvest. In addition, pen surface fecal pats were collected and composited by pen (10 pats per composite, 5 composites per pen) on days 0, 52, 120, and 192. Data were analyzed as a generalized complete block design, and pen served as the experimental unit. No differences were observed in live growth performance metrics (P ≥ 0.55). Yield grade distributions did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.62); however, cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.06; 14.6% vs. 18.9%) to have fewer USDA Select carcasses and more (P = 0.09; 73.6% vs. 78.0%) USDA Choice carcasses. Cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.10; 9.2% vs. 12.3%) to have fewer liver abscesses and had fewer (P = 0.04; 5.3% vs. 8.5%) severe liver abscesses. Salmonella prevalence of RAMS did not differ between treatments at initial processing (P = 0.97; CON = 11.6%, 10-G = 11.5%) or at harvest (P = 0.91; CON = 99.0%, 10-G = 98.6%); however, RAMS differed (P < 0.01) in Salmonella prevalence between the two collection times. Cattle fed 10-G had a lower frequency of Salmonella positive lymph nodes (P = 0.01; CON = 15.8%, 10-G = 7.4%) than CON. However, Salmonella log (mpn/g) of lymph nodes did not differ between treatments at harvest (P = 0.34; CON = 0.73, 10-G = 0.34). These data indicate that cattle fed 10-G have decreased rates of severe liver abscesses without altering live animal performance or carcass characteristics. Supplementation of 10-G significantly reduced the prevalence rate of Salmonella recovered from the subiliac lymph nodes. The factors responsible for the observed difference in the effects of 10-G on Salmonella warrant further investigation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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16. Relationship between live body condition score and carcass fat measures in equine
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Baker, Lance A, primary, Burrows, Amanda M, additional, Nonella, Kelsey J, additional, Pipkin, John L, additional, Holmes, Logan D, additional, McEvers, Trent J, additional, Tennant, Travis C, additional, Tisdale, Zane M, additional, Voyles, Austin H, additional, and Lawrence, Ty E, additional
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- 2020
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17. Effects of Feeding 10-G on Performance and Carcass Quality of Yearling Beef Steers.
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Thompson, Aubrey C., Lawrence, Ty E., Lucherk, Loni W., Martens, Kevin, and Tennant, Travis C.
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BEEF quality ,LACTOBACILLUS brevis ,ENTEROCOCCUS faecium ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,LACTOBACILLUS acidophilus ,FEEDLOTS - Abstract
Life Products' direct fed microbial, 10-G, is a lipid-coated and heat protected mixed culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus plantarum. Previous small-pen research has reported inconsistent benefits to performance and carcass characteristics from feeding 10-G. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of feeding 10-G on growth performance and carcass quality in yearling steers. In this randomized complete block design, 6,400 yearling steers were allocated to treatment (10-G or control) within a block (n = 16), where pen served as experiment unit. Trial diets were composed of steam-flaked corn, wheat silage, corn silage, and Sweet Bran Plus. The addition of 10-G within the treatment diet was at an inclusion of 2 g·animal-1·day-1 to provide 1x109 cfu for approximately 170 days. Mean initial body weight was 358 kg and cattle were on feed for an average of 182 days. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed between treatments for dry matter intake (control: 9.75 vs 10-G: 9.80 kg), final body weight (control: 641vs 10-G: 641 kg), average daily gain (control: 1.55 vs 10-G: 1.55 kg/d), or feed efficiency (control: 2.85 vs 10-G: 2.87). When evaluating carcass characteristics, there were no differences (P > 0.10) for hot carcass weight (control: 415 vs 10-G: 413 kg) or liver abscess prevalence (control: 17.4 vs 10-G: 18.2%). However, dressed carcass yield was decreased (P = 0.05) by 0.17% for cattle fed 10-G (control: 64.51 vs 10-G: 64.34%). No differences (P > 0.10) were observed for marbling score (control: Small
29 vs 10-G: Small27 ), ribeye area (control: 100.00 vs 10-G: 100.00 cm²), backfat thickness (control: 1.30 vs 10-G: 1.30 cm). USDA quality grade outcomes. In conclusion, the supplementation of 10-G direct fed microbial did not influence live or carcass performance within this trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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18. Dietary Starch Dilution Strategies to Improve Feedlot Cattle Performance and Rumen Health.
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Kobza, Anna M., Young, James D., Richeson, John T., Lawrence, Ty E., Tennant, Travis C., and Samuelson, Kendall L.
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HEALTH of cattle ,CORNSTALKS ,METABOLIZABLE energy values ,BEEF cattle ,DILUTION ,BLOCK designs ,RUMINATION (Cognition) ,CORNSTARCH - Abstract
This study evaluated starch dilution with different sources of fiber from terminal implant to harvest on feedlot cattle performance, rumen buffering characteristics, and carcass outcomes. Steers (n = 416) were allocated to 48 pens in a randomized complete block design and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments. Treatments were steam-flaked corn-based diets: CON; 7.5% corn stalks fed for the entire feeding period or CON followed by CS; 14.8% corn stalks, WD; 9.5% wet distillers grains with solubles and 7.5% corn stalks, or NR; 19.0% wet distillers grains with solubles and 0.0% corn stalks fed from terminal implant to harvest. Steers were transitioned to CS, WD, and NR over 6 d using a two-ration system. Within each pen, 2 steers received an indwelling rumen pH bolus and a 3-axis accelerometer ear-tag to quantify rumination. Treatment differences were considered statistically significant when P < 0.10. Dry matter (DM) and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were greatest for cattle consuming CS, intermediate for WD and CON, and least for NR (P < 0.01). The average daily gain (ADG) did not differ among treatments (P = 0.18); however, feed efficiency (G:F) was least for NR, intermediate for WD, and greatest for CS and CON (P = 0.10). Steers consuming CS had more (P = 0.08) 12th rib fat than NR, WD, or CON, but no other differences (P = 0.24) in carcass characteristics were observed. A treatment × day interaction (P < 0.01) was observed for daily rumination time and ruminal pH. Results suggest that increasing the concentration of corn stalks in the diet post-terminal implant increased DM and ME intake and rumination; replacing corn stalks with wet distillers grains with solubles improved G:F and reduced rumination with minimal impacts on ruminal pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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19. Primeone Sire Comparison on Jersey Dairy Cows.
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Belt, Kara, Lawrence, Ty E., Tennant, Travis C., Lucherk, Loni W., Lust, David G., Richardson, Katylyn J., and Perkins, Tommy L.
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JERSEY cattle ,DAIRY cattle ,SEMEN ,CALVES ,FAT ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,BEEF cattle ,CATTLE - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare carcass grading outcomes of progeny from a sire derived via carcass cloning to progeny from a competitive traditional purebred Angus sire. Semen was artificially inseminated into Jersey cows from an F1 sire (AxG1) derived from Prime-yield grade 1 carcass clones and a highperformance purebred Angus sire (Foundation). Calves were born at the dairy, raised in hutches on the dairy, and grown in a separate facility, all in the Texas panhandle. Cattle were later transported to Nebraska for finishing. Both steers and heifers were harvested at a commercial beef processor in Colorado and camera data were collected to assess carcass quality and yield outcomes. Data were analyzed using mixed models; treatment comparisons were tested for significance with a = 0.05. RESULTS: In live growth, calves sired by Foundation were heavier (P < 0.01) both when they entered (396.1 vs 383.0 kg) and exited (590.1 vs 568.8 kg) the feedyard. Similarly, calves sired by Foundation had heavier (P < 0.01) hot carcass weights than AxG1 (374.9 vs 361.4 kg). No difference (P = 0.27) was detected between sires for longissimus muscle area (96.6 vs 95.7 cm2) or marbling score (Moderate26 vs Moderate20). AxG1 sired calves had greater (P < 0.01) muscle area per unit of carcass weight (26.7 vs 25.9 cm2/100kg). Calves sired by AxG1 were leaner (P < 0.01) than those sired by Foundation as evidenced by less 12th rib s.c. fat (1.11 vs 1.26 cm) coupled with decreased calculated yield grades (2.34 vs 2.59). Moreover, calculated Empty Body Fat was greater (P < 0.01) for Foundation sired carcasses than those sired by AxG1 (30.0 vs 28.9 %). Foundation sired calves were represented by a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of USDA Prime carcasses (26.32 vs 17.79 %) whereas AxG1 sired calves had a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of USDA Choice carcasses (77.74 vs 69.48 %). AxG1 sired calves were represented by a greater (P = 0.04) percentage of Yield Grade 1 carcasses (27.48 vs 19.25 %). No difference in frequency of Yield Grade 2 (55.40 vs 58.00 %) or 4 (1.41 vs 1.0 %) carcasses was observed between sires. Frequency of Yield Grade 3 carcasses was greater (P < 0.01) for Foundation compared with AxG1 (23.94 vs 13.58 %). Carcass outcomes suggest that progeny sired by Foundation were of slightly higher quality whereas progeny sired by AxG1 were of slightly higher yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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20. Development of an Experimental Model to Induce Liver Abscesses in Steers Using an Acidotic Diet Challenge and Oral Bacterial Inoculation.
- Author
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McDaniel, Zach S., Hales, Kristin E., Nagaraja, T. G., Amachawadi, Raghavendra G., Lawrence, Ty E., Tennant, Travis C., Carroll, Jeff A., Sanchez, Nicole C. Burdick, Galyean, Michael, Smock, Taylor M., Ballou, Michael A., Machado, Vinicius, Davis, Emily M., and Broadway, Rand
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LIVER abscesses ,CORN as feed ,VACCINATION ,DIET ,SALMONELLA enterica ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,SALMONELLA ,YEAST culture - Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a model for liver abscesses (LA) in Holstein steers by using an acidotic diet or acidotic diet plus intraruminal inoculation of Fusobacterium necrophorum, Salmonella enterica serotype Lubbock, and Truperella pyogenes. Holstein steers (n = 40; initial BW = 84.9 + 7.1 kg) were individually housed and randomly assigned to either a negative control diet (CON), an acidotic diet (AD), or an acidotic diet plus intraruminal inoculation with the bacterial mixture [ADB; (1 × 10
9 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL of each bacteria]. Steers in AD and ADB were cycled on (3 d) and off (2 d) a high-starch diet 20 days before intraruminal inoculation of ADB. Following inoculation, AD and ADB remained on the acidotic diet for the remainder of the study. Ruminal pH boluses were randomly inserted into 19 steers across treatments to monitor ruminal pH throughout the study. Steers were euthanized and necropsied to record gross pathology on the lung, rumen, liver, and colon. Culture techniques were used to determine the prevalence inoculated bacteria within LA. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods were used to quantify F. necrophorum in rumen tissue. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with animal as the experimental unit, where an a of = 0.05 determined significance. Liver abscess prevalence was 43% in ADB vs. 0% in AD and CON treatments (P < 0.01). Ruminal damage was 51.1% greater in ADB than in AD and 78.6% greater than in CON (P ≤ 0.05). There were no pathological differences in the lungs and colons among treatment groups (P ≥ 0.14). There was a treatment × time interaction for ruminal pH, where pH decreased below 5.6 in AD and ADB calves during each cycle of the acidotic diet (P < 0.01). The ADB contained a greater concentration of F. necrophorum subsp. Necrophorum and subsp. Fundliforme within rumen tissue (P = 0.03). Of the LA cultured, 100% contained F. necrophorum, 50% S. enterica, and 0% contained T. pyogenes. The F. necrophorum subsp. Necrophorum was phylogenetically typed and identical to the strain (FN-8LI) infused in the bacterial inoculation. These data suggest that acidotic diet in combination with intraruminal inoculation of the bacterial mixture is sufficient to induce liver abscesses and provides insight on possible mechanisms and origins of LA. Further studies are needed to validate these results and determine if this model may be used to study novel intervention methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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21. Comparison of Left vs Right Body Composition Endpoints in Beef Cattle Using Carcass Ultrasound.
- Author
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Jesko, Noah P., Tennant, Travis C., Lawrence, Ty E., and Perkins, Tommy L.
- Subjects
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BEEF carcasses , *DUAL-energy X-ray absorptiometry , *BEEF cattle , *BODY composition , *ULTRASONIC imaging , *ANIMAL health technicians - Abstract
Feedlot cattle (n = 50) were ultrasounded to compare ultrasound vs carcass measurements, and to test the hypothesis that the left and right side of an individual animal are not statistically different during the Ultrasound Guidelines Council (UGC) Carcass Certification live animal exam at West Texas A&M University (WTAMU). Cattle (steers, heifers and bulls) represented a variation in breed types. A UGC certified technician scanned the cattle at the WTAMU Research Feedlot on their right side. The following day, the same technician scanned animals on the left side. Carcass ultrasound measurements included 12-13th ribeye area (REAU), subcutaneous fat thickness (FTU), intramuscular fat percentage (IMFU) and rump fat thickness (RFU). Carcass measures included 12-13th ribeye area (REAC) and fat thickness (FTC) along with marbling score (MS). Correlations between REAC and REAU were 0.83 for the left side and 0.80 for the right side, correlations between REAC left vs right were 0.94 and REAU left vs right were 0.77 (P < 0.01). A minor difference (2.27 cm2) in left vs right sides of REAC (P = 0.04) was detected. A larger difference (4.03 cm2) in left vs right REAU (P < 0.01) was noted; REAC right vs REAU right also differed (P < 0.01) by 8.13 cm2 with REAU being larger. No differences were observed between FTC left vs right (P = 0.26), FTU left vs right (P = 0.94) or FTC right vs FTU right (P = 0.15). A difference was detected between the FTC left and FTU left (P = 0.01). Correlations between REAU/REAC, FTU/FTC, and IMFU/IMFC were all significant (P < 0.05). These data present strong correlations between ultrasound and carcass traits, as well as the point that one side of an animal should be scanned as opposed to another side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Association of Lung Health with Carcass Performance.
- Author
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Grimes, Becca B., Tennant, Travis C., and Lawrence, Ty E.
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LUNGS , *MEAT quality , *FIBRIN tissue adhesive , *BEEF carcasses , *RIB cage , *FIBRIN - Abstract
The association of lung abnormalities with carcass performance was evaluated on data from 60,843 carcasses housed in the West Texas A&M University Beef Carcass Research Center database collected from 2010 to 2021 to quantify the relationship of lung health and carcass performance. Lung outcomes were scored as severity of consolidation (N = Normal and free of consolidation, 1 = 5 to 15% consolidation, 2 = 15 to 50% consolidation, 3 = >50% consolidation) and presence of fibrin tags (M = Minor fibrin, E = Extensive fibrin). Lung consolidation had a strong and detrimental effect (P < 0.01) on hot carcass weight, with lung scores of 1, 2, and 3 resulting in 4.2, 13.3, and 29.9 kg less carcass weight compared with carcasses with normal lungs. Minor and extensive fibrin tags (3.5 kg and 7.1 kg), independent of consolidation, resulted in lighter carcasses (P < 0.01) compared with those with normal lungs. Lung score did not have an effect on marbling score. Both lung tissue consolidation and fibrin tags effected 12th rib fat thickness; lung consolidation (-0.09 to -0.21 cm) and fibrin tags (-0.14 to -0.19 cm) resulted in and less (P < 0.01) 12th rib fat thickness compared with carcasses with normal lungs. Similarly, LM area was reduced (P < 0.01) in carcasses with lung consolidation (-1.5 to -5.5 cm2) or presence of fibrin tags (-2.3 to -2.7 cm2) compared with carcasses with normal lungs. Additionally, severity of lung consolidation and presence of fibrin tags reduced (P < 0.01) calculated yield grade; lung consolidation and fibrin tags resulted in a 0.08 to 0.20 and 0.09 to 0.13 reduction in overall yield grade. These data indicate that lung health is an important factor that impacts carcass performance, particularly carcass weight and yield grade parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Relationship of volatile compounds and consumer sensory traits from New Zealand grass-fed and American grain-fed beef strip loins varying in marbling level and wet aging time.
- Author
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Tilton, Travis J., Lucherk, Loni W., Tennant, Travis C., Lawrence, Ty E., O'Quinn, Travis, Legako, Jerrad F., Brooks, Chance, and Miller, Mark F.
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CONSUMER preferences ,CATTLE aging ,GRASSES ,CATTLE - Abstract
Cattle diet, marbling and wet aging can affect eating quality and consumer preference of beef. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of cooked volatile compounds and consumer sensory traits of New Zealand grass-fed strip loin steaks in comparison to US grain-fed strip loin steaks from five different USDA quality grades, wet-aged for 7, 21 and 42 days. Beef strip loins (n = 200; 20 per USDA quality grade/fed cattle type) representing five USDA quality grades (USDA Prime, Top Choice, Low Choice, Select and Standard) and two fed cattle types (New Zealand grass-finished and US grain-finished) were used. Steaks were cooked to a target internal temperature of 71°C and served to consumer panelists (n = 600; 120 per five different cities in the US). Volatile analysis (n = 600) was performed on cooked samples, and quantitation was conducted by an internal standard calibration with authentic standards. Statistical analyses were conducted using the FACTOR procedure of SAS. A principle component analysis (PCA) showed relationships of volatile compounds, treatments, and consumer ratings. PC1 explained 17.17% of the variation and PC2 explained 10.96% of the variation. Consumer flavor liking was most closely associated with ethanol and treatments grass and grain Prime aged 42d. The majority of the alcohols and n-aldehydes were associated with the 7d grain treatments including grain Top Choice, Low Choice and Select. The Maillard derived compounds were grouped together and most associated with grass Top Choice 42d and the consumer attributes. Methional was closest to many grass treatments including grass Top Choice 7d, Low Choice 7d, Standard 7d, Prime 7d and Standard 21d. Although associations were evident between volatile compounds and consumer sensory attributes, they were not strongly related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Relationship of geographical location, cattle type, sex, and pen size to rates of liver abnormalities.
- Author
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Grimes, Becca B., Johnson, Jay W., McEvers, Trent, Tennant, Travis C., Lucherk, Loni W., and Lawrence, Ty E.
- Subjects
LIVER abscesses ,CATTLE ,HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,LIVER flukes ,HEIFERS ,BEEF cattle - Abstract
Bovine liver abscess outcomes of individual animals (n = 989,296) were observed from 2013 to 2021 on a pen (n = 6,420) basis to quantify liver abscess prevalence and severity, as well as other liver abnormalities such as liver flukes. Cattle originated from 122 feedlots located in Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Livers were audited at eighteen different beef abattoirs. Observational categories included sex (heifer, steer), cattle type (Holstein, beef-type), and pen count. Pen counts were grouped (< 40, 41-80, 81-160, 161-320, and >320) to quantify the association of pen size on liver abscess outcomes. Data were analyzed as a series of binomial proportions using generalized linear mixed models with fixed effects of observational categories (cattle type, feedyard location, pen size and sex). Cattle fed in Oklahoma or Texas exhibited greater (P < 0.01) frequency of liver flukes (3.2% vs 0.5%) than cattle fed in Colorado or Nebraska. Cattle fed in Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Arizona, and Oklahoma exhibited fewer (P < 0.01) total abscesses (23.5%, 26.0%, 23.6%, 19.3%, 16.9%, and 18.1%) than cattle fed in Idaho, Minnesota, and Texas (36.4%, 36.4%, and 33.2%). Beef-type cattle were observed to exhibit fewer (P < 0.01) total abscesses (22.0% vs 41.1%) and fewer (P < 0.01) severe abscesses (10.2% vs 26.4%) than Holstein cattle. Likewise, native heifers exhibited fewer (P < 0.01) total abscesses (20.6% vs 23.3%) and fewer (P < 0.01) severe abscesses (9.3% vs 11.1%) than native steers. Abscess prevalence differed as a function of pen size. Both total abscess and severe abscess rates decreased (P < 0.01) as animal count within a pen increased (32.66%, 27.47%, 27.86%, 23.17%, and 20.33%; 17.20%, 14.48%, 14.80%, 11.45%, and 9.14%). These results suggest liver abscess prevalence and severity is affected by a wide range of factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The effect of a direct-fed microbial (10-G) on live animal performance and carcass characteristics of fed beef heifers.
- Author
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Mayer, Lauren M., Martens, Kevin, Lucherk, Loni W., Lawrence, Ty E., and Tennant, Travis C.
- Subjects
HEIFERS ,ANIMAL carcasses ,LIVER abscesses ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,FAT ,LAMB (Meat) ,BLOCK designs - Abstract
Heifers (n = 1,394; 291 ± 9.9 kg) were used to test the effects of a direct-fed microbial (10-G) on live growth performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were blocked by arrival day and randomly allocated to treatment (0 or 2g/animal/d; CON and 10-G, respectively) in a randomized complete block design with ten pens per treatment. Heifers were fed for an average of 192 days. Growth and carcass outcomes were analyzed using mixed models with pen as experimental unit and block as random effect. Dry matter intake (P = 0.63), average daily gain (P = 0.69), gain:feed (P = 0.95) and final body weight (P = 0.79) did not differ between treatments. Neither deads and removals (P = 0.52) nor first or second treatment morbidity rates (P = 0.84) were different between treatments. Hot carcass weight (P = 0.19), dressed carcass yield (P = 0.33), 12th rib fat depth (P = 0.73), ribeye area (P = 0.13), calculated empty body fat (P = 0.71) or marbling score (P = 0.20) were not different between treatments. Yield grade distributions did not differ between treatments (P = 0.44), however cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.09; 15.78 vs 20.34%) to be represented by fewer USDA Select carcasses. Livers from cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.10; 1.02 vs 2.19%) to have a lower frequency of abscesses when compared to CON. Heifers fed 10-G also had fewer (P < 0.05; 5.27 vs 8.51%) severe liver abscesses. These results suggest that supplementing fed beef heifers with 10-G decreased rates of severe liver abscesses without altering live animal performance or carcass characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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26. National Beef Quality Audit-2022: in-plant assessments of quality and yield determining carcass characteristics of fed steers and heifers.
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Mayer TR, Borders SE, Schwartz TE, Gehring KB, Griffin DB, Kerth CR, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Nair MN, Pfeiffer MM, Mafi GG, Harr KM, Lawrence TE, Tennant TC, Lucherk LW, O'Quinn TG, Beyer ES, Bass PD, Garcia LG, Bohrer BM, Pempek JA, Garmyn AJ, Maddock RJ, Carr CC, Pringle TD, Scheffler TL, Scheffler JM, Stelzleni AM, Gonzalez JM, Underwood KR, Harsh BN, Waters CM, and Savell JW
- Abstract
The National Beef Quality Audit - 2022 serves as a benchmark of the current fed steer and heifer population of the U.S. beef industry and allows comparison to previous audits as a method of monitoring industry progress. In-plant cooler assessments and collections of beef carcass data took place from July 2021 to November 2022. During in-plant evaluations, 10% of 1-d production was surveyed for quality and yield indicating characteristics of fed beef carcasses ( n = 9,746 beef carcasses). Distributions of sex classes among sampled carcasses were steer (65.0%) and heifer (35.0%), whereas distributions of breed type were native (87.7%), dairy (11.3%), and Bos indicus (0.9%). Mean values were observed for USDA Yield Grades ( YG ; 3.3), USDA Quality Grade ( QG ; Choice
16 ), marbling score (Small98 ), ribeye area (91.0 cm2 ), adjusted fat thickness (1.49 cm), hot carcass weight (401.9 kg), and KPH (2.5%). Mean overall maturity was A66 , with a mean lean maturity of A56 and mean skeletal maturity of A72 . There were 28.1% of carcasses identified for use in a USDA-certified beef G-Schedule Program. Defects, such as dark cutting and blood splash, were observed at 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Distributions of USDA YG were YG 1 (8.2%), YG 2 (30.7%), YG 3 (40.2%), YG 4 (16.6%), and YG 5 (4.3%). USDA QGs were observed at 7.5% Prime, 69.2% Choice, 16.4% Select, and 6.8% other. The results of this study provide an updated look at the current grading trends of beef carcasses in the United States to drive progress in the fed beef industry., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.)- Published
- 2024
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27. The effect of a direct-fed microbial (10-G) on live animal performance, carcass characteristics, and Salmonella prevalence of fed beef heifers.
- Author
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Tilton TJ, Martens K, Lucherk LW, Word AB, Holland BP, Lawrence TE, and Tennant TC
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the direct-fed microbial 10-G upon cattle growth performance, liver and lung health, carcass quality, and yield outcomes, as well as prevalence and enumeration of Salmonella in feces and lymph nodes. Fed beef heifers ( N = 1,400; initial shrunk body weight [ BW ] 343.3 ± 36.2 kg) were blocked by the day of arrival and randomly allocated to one of two treatments (0 [negative control, CON] or 2 g of a direct-fed microbial [10-G] that provided 1 billion CFUs per animal per day of Lactobacillus acidophilus , Enterococcus faecium , Pediococcus pentosaceus , L. brevis , and L. plantarum ) with 10 pens per treatment. Recto-anal mucosal fecal samples ( RAMs ; n = 477) and subiliac lymph nodes ( SLNs ; n = 479) were collected longitudinally at harvest from 23 to 25 heifers per pen. Data were analyzed using mixed models; pen served as the experimental unit; block and harvest date were random effects. No differences were detected in dry matter intake ( P = 0.78), final BW ( P = 0.64), average daily gain ( P = 0.51), gain to feed ( P = 0.71), hot carcass weight ( P = 0.54), dressed carcass yield ( P = 0.52), 12th rib fat depth ( P = 0.13), longissimus muscle area ( P = 0.62), calculated empty body fat ( P = 0.26), or marbling score ( P = 0.82). Distributions of liver scores ( P ≥ 0.34), quality grades ( P ≥ 0.23), and yield grades ( P ≥ 0.11) were also not different between treatments. A tendency was detected for more normal lungs ( P = 0.08; 10-G = 65.96%, CON = 61.12%) and fewer inflated lungs at harvest for cattle fed 10-G ( P = 0.10; 10-G = 0.29%, CON = 1.16%); other lung outcomes did not differ ( P ≥ 0.54). Salmonella prevalence did not differ for RAM samples ( P = 0.41; 10-G = 97.74%, CON = 96.82%) or SLN ( P = 0.22; 10-G = 17.92%, CON = 13.66%). Salmonella concentration of RAM samples ( P = 0.25; 10-G = 3.87 log CFU/g, CON = 3.32 log CFU/g) or SLN ( P = 0.37; 10-G = 1.46 log CFU/g, CON = 1.14 log CFU/g) also did not differ between treatments at harvest. These results do not demonstrate any difference in live animal performance, carcass characteristics, or Salmonella carriage for heifers fed 10-G., Competing Interests: Kevin Martens is an employee of Life Products, Inc., the manufacturer of 10-G. Remaining authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.)
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- 2024
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28. National Beef Quality Audit-2022: Transportation, mobility, live cattle, and hide assessments to determine producer-related defects that affect animal welfare and the value of market cows and bulls at processing facilities.
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Borders SE, Schwartz TE, Mayer TR, Gehring KB, Griffin DB, Kerth CR, Belk KE, Edwards-Callaway L, Scanga JA, Nair MN, Morgan JB, Douglas JB, Pfeiffer MM, Mafi GG, Harr KM, Lawrence TE, Tennant TC, Lucherk LW, O'Quinn TG, Beyer ES, Bass PD, Garcia LG, Bohrer BM, Pempek JA, Garmyn AJ, Maddock RJ, Carr CC, Pringle TD, Scheffler TL, Scheffler JM, Stelzleni AM, Gonzalez JM, Underwood KR, Harsh BN, Waters CM, and Savell JW
- Abstract
The National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA)-2022 serves as a benchmark of the current market cow and bull sectors of the U.S. beef industry and allows comparison to previous audits as a method of monitoring industry progress. From September 2021 through May 2022, livestock trailers ( n = 125), live animals ( n = 5,430), and post-slaughter hide-on animals ( n = 6,674) were surveyed at 20 commercial beef processing facilities across the U.S. Cattle were transported in a variety of trailer types for an average distance of 490.6 km and a mean transport time of 6.3 h. During transit, cattle averaged 2.3 m
2 of trailer space per animal indicating sufficient space was provided according to industry guidelines. Of all trailers surveyed, 55.3% transported cattle from an auction barn to a processing facility. When surveyed, 63.6% of all truck drivers reported to be Beef Quality Assurance certified. The majority (77.0%) of cattle were sound when evaluated for mobility. Mean body condition scores (9-point scale) for beef cows and bulls were 3.8 and 4.4, respectively, whereas mean body condition scores (5-point scale) for dairy cows and bulls were 2.3 and 2.6, respectively. Of the cattle surveyed, 45.1% had no visible live animal defects, and 37.9% had only a single defect. Of defects present in cows, 64.6% were attributed to an udder problem. Full udders were observed in 47.5% of all cows. Nearly all cattle were free of visible abscesses and knots (97.9% and 98.2%, respectively). No horns were observed in 89.4% of all cattle surveyed. Beef cattle were predominantly black-hided (68.9% and 67.4% of cows and bulls, respectively). Holstein was the predominant dairy animal observed and accounted for 85.7% of the cows and 98.0% of the bulls. Only 3.1% of all animals had no form of identification. Findings from the NBQA-2022 show improvements within the industry and identify areas that require continued education and research to improve market cow and bull welfare and beef quality., Competing Interests: There are no known conflicts of interest by any of the authors., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.)- Published
- 2024
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