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Ethiopia's Tigray in 2020. This war has had a detrimental impact on the mental health and overall wellbeing of Tigrayans living in other countries and abroad. The present study investigated the state of mental health and wellbeing among Tigrayan diaspora living in Australia, many of whom are migrants, but most are refugees., Methods: We employed a cross-sectional survey gathered through Qualtrics-designed hybrid data collection techniques. We assessed vicarious trauma using the secondary traumatic stress scale (STSS), depression, anxiety, and stress using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), PTSD using PTSD Checklist- Civilian Version (PCLC), and resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). We calculated the psychometric properties of these tools among the population. We employed binary logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest., Findings: 241 people participated in the survey. Intrusion symptoms of vicarious trauma were prevalent among 85.6 % (172/201) of participants, avoidance symptoms of vicarious trauma among 87.6 % (176/201) of participants, and arousal vicarious trauma among 83.6 % (168/201) of participants. Extremely severe depression was prevalent among 38.2 % (81/212) of participants, extremely severe anxiety among 47.6 % (101/212) of participants, and extremely severe stress among (26.9 % (57/212) of participants. PTSD symptoms were prevalent among 75 % (151/204) of participants. Resilience was reduced among 67.5 % (135/200) of participants., Interpretation: The study implies that conflict occurring in one's home country can have a profound impact on the mental wellbeing of individuals residing abroad., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no competing interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To determine the efficacy and safety of pharmacogenomics (PGx)-guided antidepressant prescribing in patients with depression through an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis., Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted on PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane databases. The pooled effect sizes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were expressed as mean differences for continuous data and risk ratios for noncontinuous data., Results: Patients who received PGx-guided medications were 41% to 78% more likely to achieve remission and 20% to 49% more likely to respond to antidepressants than patients receiving treatment-as-usual (TAU)., Conclusion: PGx-guided antidepressant prescribing improves the treatment of depression. However, the significance and magnitude of the benefit varies widely between studies and different PGx testing panels., Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022321324., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Tesfamicael, Zhao, Fernández-Rodríguez, Adelson, Musker, Polasek and Lewis.)

Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is a drought tolerant, vegetatively propagated crop that was domesticated in Ethiopia. It is a staple food for more than 20 million people in Ethiopia. Despite its current importance and immense potential, enset is among the most genetically understudied and underexploited food crops. We collected 230 enset wild and cultivated accessions across the main enset producing regions in Ethiopia and applied amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and genotype by sequencing (GBS) analyses to these accessions. Wild and cultivated accessions were clearly separated from each other, with 89 genes found to harbour SNPs that separated wild from cultivated accessions. Among these, 17 genes are thought to be involved in flower initiation and seed development. Among cultivated accessions, differentiation was mostly associated with geographical location and with proximity to wild populations. Our results indicate that vegetative propagation of elite clones has favoured capacity for vegetative growth at the expense of capacity for sexual reproduction. This is consistent with previous reports that cultivated enset tends to produce non-viable seeds and flowers less frequently than wild enset.

Understanding how grapevines perceive and adapt to different environments will provide us with an insight into how to better manage crop quality. Mounting evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms are a key interface between the environment and the genotype that ultimately affect the plant's phenotype. Moreover, it is now widely accepted that epigenetic mechanisms are a source of useful variability during crop varietal selection that could affect crop performance. While the contribution of DNA methylation to plant performance has been extensively studied in other major crops, very little work has been done in grapevine. To study the genetic and epigenetic diversity across 22 vineyards planted with the cultivar Shiraz in six wine sub-regions of the Barossa, South Australia. Methylation sensitive amplified polymorphisms (MSAPs) were used to obtain global patterns of DNA methylation. The observed epigenetic profiles showed a high level of differentiation that grouped vineyards by their area of provenance despite the low genetic differentiation between vineyards and sub-regions. Pairwise epigenetic distances between vineyards indicate that the main contributor (23-24%) to the detected variability is associated to the distribution of the vineyards on the N-S axis. Analysis of the methylation profiles of vineyards pruned with the same system increased the positive correlation observed between geographic distance and epigenetic distance suggesting that pruning system affects inter-vineyard epigenetic differentiation. Finally, methylation sensitive genotyping by sequencing identified 3,598 differentially methylated genes in grapevine leaves that were assigned to 1,144 unique gene ontology terms of which 8.6% were associated with response to environmental stimulus. Our results suggest that DNA methylation differences between vineyards and sub-regions within The Barossa are influenced both by the geographic location and, to a lesser extent, by pruning system. Finally, we discuss how epigenetic variability can be used as a tool to understand and potentially modulate terroir in grapevine.