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Purpose. To establish the origin of the rocks used to produce ancient stone tools and goods found as a result of Novooleksandrivka Kurgan “SuraOba” excavations (Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine). Methodology. The research was carried out using the method of petrographic analysis of the materials of stone artefacts in thin sections. The chemical composition of the studied rocks was determined using Xray fluorescence analysis. The obtained data was compared to the features of similar rocks from different occurrences, using thin sections of rocks from natural outcrops and previously studied stone artefacts, as well as the data of geological reports and appropriate literature. Findings. Thirteen stone artefacts, represented by an altar stone, hammerstones, whetstones, a hammeraxe and different polyfunctional tools found in the burials of the Novooleksandrivka Kurgan “SuraOba” dated back to the Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age were analyzed. As a result of the conducted research, it was ascertained that sandstones, granite, amphibolite, quartz rock, doleritebasalt, actinolitite, and epidosite represent their materials. Most of the studied collection samples have similar analogues among the rocks found in the Middle Dnipro Area and may be of local provenance. The specimen of doleritebasalt microporphyry may originate from the East Azov Sea Area, and the oligomictic sandstone, most likely, was delivered from the occurrences of the Donets Coal Basin Carboniferous system. Originality. For the first time, stone tools and goods discovered during the excavations of the “SuraOba” mound in the village of Novooleksandrivka were studied using petrographic analysis; the probable places of their origin were established. Practical value. The results obtained can be used in conducting research on history and archaeology, as well as in popular science works and excursion activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgical treatment of craniofacial tumors with intracranial, extracranial and intraorbital extensions requires several surgical teams of different specialties (neurosurgery; ear, nose and throat surgery; and eye surgery (for a separate surgical approach)) to be involved. In addition, because craniofacial approaches require creating several surgical fields, the duration of surgery per se is rather long. The conventional transbasal Derome approach is less traumatic than the anterior craniofacial resection and requires no additional dissections of the face. The subcranial approach (a modification of the transbasal Derome approach) may be a low-invasive alternative to the transbasal Derome approach. Purpose: To assess the efficacy of surgical treatment for craniofacial tumors with intracranial, extracranial, and intraorbital extensions. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 88 patients with craniofacial tumors (particularly, 66 malignant tumors and 25 benign tumors). Of the 88 patients, 12 (14%) were treated with the transbasal Derome approach, and 76 (86%), with the subcranial approach (via the frontal sinus). Results: The percentage attributed to total tumor excision (with clear wound margins) was the same (92%; 11/12 and 70/76 patients, respectively) for the groups of patients treated with subcranial and transbasal approaches. Patients with subtotal tumor excision (7/88 or 8%) had malignant tumors, and the rate of subtotal tumor excision was 8% (1/12 and 6/76, respectively) for the groups treated with the former and latter approaches. Mean duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the subcranial approach than in the transbasal Derome approach (291 ± 24 minutes versus 372 ± 48 minutes; ? < 0.0000). Conclusion: Craniofacial tumors with intracranial, extracranial and intraorbital extensions can be totally simultaneously excised by transbasal approaches. A modification of the transbasal Derome approach, the subcranial approach (via the frontal sinus) to craniofacial tumors, can be performed easier and faster, is less traumatic, can be lateralized, and showed the same rate of total tumor excision compared to the transbasal Derome approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the diagnostic efficiency of transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasound., Material and Methods: Ultrasound examination of the larynx and laryngoscopy was performed in 103 patients with thyroid disease. 26 (34.21%) patients who underwent surgery on the thyroid gland direct laryngoscopy and ultrasound of the vocal folds were performed twice, before and after the operation., Results: Voice folds were visualized in 76 (73.8%) people. Of the 24 men, these anatomical structures were visualized in 8 (33.3%) and in 68 (86.1%) women out of 79 cases. Violations of the function of the vocal cords during laryngoscopy were detected in 5 people, sonographically in 6 people. The coincidence of the revealed pathology with ultrasound was in 4 patients, in 3 - with sonography the diagnosis was erroneous, in 1 patient it was falsely negative and in 2 cases it was falsely positive., Conclusions: In connection with the diagnostic capabilities of the method, it is advisable to use it as a screening study in the perioperative period in patients with diseases of the thyroid gland. Laryngoscopy is indicated for patients with non-visualized vocal folds, with identified pathology with ultrasound, and with clinical signs of dysfunction of the vocal cords.

Radical surgery over large subtentorial tumors is associated with a high risk of postoperative complications. Despite significant development of imaging technology, intraoperative monitoring, and microsurgical treatment, problems one of tottal and safe large subtentorial tumors removal remain unsolved. The most critical problem relating to large tumors of this localization is postoperative edema. Also brainstem ischemic stroke is not rare and this would partly due to the tumors overgrowthing the vertebral and basilar arteries. Retrospective analysis of 59 patients with large (more than 3 cm) tumors to the posterior cranial fossa operated over 2015-2019 yy. There was gross total tumor removal in 49 (83%) patients; subtotal tumor removal in 5 (8,5%) patients; partial tumor removal in 5 (8,5%) cases. Complications occurred in 15 (25%) patients. The use of ventral craniobasal aprroaches and their combination with posterior-lateral approaches to the large subtentorial tumors allows rapid and early, effective brain stem decompression and subsequent safe and total tumor removal. Ventral decompression of the brain stem structures (endoscopic endonasal and transoral approaches, presigmoid approach, extreme lateral approach) prevents neurological complications thus early patients activation. Postoperative mortality of 3 (5.0%) out of 59 patients can be reduced by intensifying perioperative patient's management.