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6. Tetrix ceperoi (Bolívar, 1887) = Ceperojev monaški skakavac First faunistic record for Croatia: Karaman 1960 Also reported as: T. c. balcanicus Karaman 1960 (Karaman 1960) Distribution in Croatia: Widely distributed in the Mediterranean part of the country. Not recorded, but most likely present in Kvarner. Distribution in Europe: Nominal subspecies only. Mediterranean species, distributed from the Iberian Peninsula to Southern Britain, Northwestern Germany (northern border of the distribution), and Southwestern Ukraine and Rhodes (eastern border). The distribution not yet fully known as the species has often been confused with other Tetrix species (Hochkirch et al. 2016)., Published as part of Skejo, Josip, Rebrina, Fran, Szövényi, Gergely, Puskás, Gellért & Tvrtković, Nikola, 2018, The first annotated checklist of Croatian crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Ensifera, Caelifera), pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 4533 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4533.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615747, {"references":["Karaman, M. S. (1960) Tetrigidae Makedonije. Zastita bilja, 57 - 58, 143 - 161.","Hochkirch, A., Nieto, A., Garcia Criado, M., Calix, M., Braud, Y., Buzzetti, F. M., Chobanov, D., Ode, B., Presa Asensio, J. J., Willemse, L., Zuna-Kratky, T., Barranco Vega, P., Bushell, M., Clemente, M. E., Correas, J. R., Dusoulier, F., Ferreira, S., Fontana, P., Garcia, M. D., Heller, K-G., Iorgu I. S., Ivkovic, S., Kati, V., Kleukers, R., Kristin, A., Lemonnier-Darcemont, M., Lemos, P., Massa, B., Monnerat, C., Papapavlou, K. P., Prunier, F., Pushkar, T., Roesti, C., Rutschmann, F., Sirin, D., Skejo, J., Szovenyi, G., Tzirkalli, E., Vedenina, V., Barat Domenech, J., Barros, F., Cordero Tapia, P. J., Defaut, B., Fartmann, T., Gomboc, S., Gutierrez-Rodriguez, J., Holusa, J., Illich, I., Karjalainen, S., Kocarek, P., Korsunovskaya, O., Liana, A., Lopez, H., Morin, D., Olmo-Vidal, J. M., Puskas, G., Savitsky, V., Stalling, T. & Tumbrinck, J. (2016) European Red List of Grasshoppers, Crickets and Bush-crickets. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 94 pp."]}

Groundhoppers are considered to be detrito-bryophagous, and moss phyllodes represent a main food consumed by all studied species. We studied the food biology of two groundhoppers: the stenotopic habitat specialist Tetrix ceperoi (Bolivar, 1887) and the eurytopic T. tenuicornis (Sahlberg, 1893). These species occurred syntopically in an abandoned sand pit in the Czech Republic. The dietary preferences of the two species were very similar, with detritus being the dominant component, followed by mosses and other kinds of organic matter. The eurytopic T. tenuicornis consumed a greater diversity of mosses than the stenotopic T. ceperoi. The most frequently consumed mosses were the dominant species at the locality (Barbula spp., Bryum caespiticium, and Ceratodon purpureus), but some species-specific preferences were evident in the consumption of other moss species. To determine whether these groundhoppers mainly consumed mosses to obtain the water in their tissues, we compared the food composition at two sites that differed considerably in water availability. A selective consumption of mosses according to the water availability at the sites was evident. At the dry site, groundhoppers frequently consumed mosses that are simultaneously more tolerant to desiccation and nutritionally richer (species in the genera Barbula and Ceratodon) than the other mosses. Our results indicate that although groundhoppers generally consume those mosses that are most available, they do show some preference for mosses according to their nutritional quality and according to their ability to retain water under dry conditions.

Study of Orthoptera and earwigs was conducted in Tovačov gravel pit in 2014. We have recorded 18 species of Orthoptera and 3 species of earwigs. The most significant recorded species are Cepero’s ground-hopper (Tetrix ceperoi), pygmy mole cricket (Xya variegata), Italian tree cricket (Oecanthus pellucens) and riparian earwig (Labidura riparia). Tovačov gravel pit poses the northernmost locality of T. ceperoi and X. variegata in the Czech Republic and the northernmost known locality in Moravia for O. pellucens. For the L. riparia, we present a founding from Tovačov together with another finding from Olomouc vicinity, which is currently the northernmost locality within Moravia. Our findings display recent spatial expansion of some thermophilous species. Moreover, we emphasize importance of (post)-industrial areas as secondary habitats for specialised endangered species.

66. Tetrix ceperoi ceperoi (Bol��var, 1887) Specimens examined. 4 ♂ 7 ♀, Shangsi (Jiaoan), 21 �� 54 ���N, 107 �� 53 ���E, 350m alt, 24 Aug. 2012, collected by Li- Liang LIN. Distribution. whole China; North Africa; Europe; Japan., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Zheng, Zhe-Min, Li, Xiao-Dong, Lin, Min-Ping, Wei, Shi-Zhen, Yuan, Bao-Dong & Lin, Li-Liang, 2015, The groundhopper fauna (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) of Shiwanshan (Guangxi, China) with description of three new species, pp. 151-178 in Zootaxa 3925 (2) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/243557, {"references":["Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313."]}

Tetrix ceperoi chinensis Liang, 1998 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 68990 Material examined. Thailand: Phrae Province, 70 km S of Lampang, 390 m, 21���22 August 2009, 1 males, 2 females, coll. V.G. Bezborodov; Loei Province, Phu Ruea, 735 m, 26 May 2010, 3 females, coll. V.G. Bezborodov (ZISP). Distribution. China (Guangdong, Henan). This subspecies is recorded for the first time from Thailand. Notes. The brachypronotal morph of this species was described as Tetrix ceperoi forma brachyptera Ingrisch, 1983 from Sardinia (Ingrisch, 1983), but according to Article 10.2 of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999) it is unavailable name. Actually Tetrix ceperoi is divided into two subspecies. The specimens from Thailand we studied well agree with the brief original description and figures of Tetrix c. chinensis Liang, 1998 from Guangdong and Henan provinces of China (Zheng & Liang, 1998). However the taxonomic relations of the nominotypical subspecies T. c. ceperoi (Bol��var, 1887) (distributed in the Mediterranean region) and T. c. chinensis Liang, 1998 (East Palaearcric and Oriental regions) are still unresolved., Published as part of Storozhenko, Sergey Yu. & Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, 2015, New and little-known pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Thailand, pp. 527-554 in Zootaxa 4052 (5) on page 531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/290102, {"references":["Liang, G. Q. & Zheng, Z. M. (1998). Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 12. Orthoptera Tetrigoidea. Science Press, Beijing, 278 pp. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Ingrisch, S. (1983) Neue Arten und faunistisch bemerkenswerte Nachweise von Orthopteren auf Sardinien. Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen, 32 (3), 88 - 94.","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313."]}

There is accumulating evidence that sexual interactions among species (re- productive interference) could have dramatic effects for species' coexistence. It has been shown that the fitness of individuals can be substantially reduced as a consequence of reproductive interference. This might subsequently lead to displacement of a species (sex- ual exclusion). On the other hand, some evolutionary and ecological mechanisms might enable species to coexist, such as the divergence of mate recognition systems (reproduc- tive character displacement), habitat partitioning, clumped dispersion patterns or different colonization capabilities. We have previously shown that the two ground-hopper species Tetrix subulata and Tetrix ceperoi interact sexually in the laboratory as well as in the field. At sites where both species co-occur niche overlap was high, suggesting that coexistence is maintained by different niche breadths rather than by habitat partitioning. To test the hy- pothesis that habitat partitioning does not contribute to species' coexistence, we examined whether allotopic and syntopic populations of these two species differ in niche overlap (competitive release). Our results show that niche overlap is higher in syntopic than in allotopic populations, suggesting that the site-specific habitat structure (heterogeneity) has a stronger influence on microhabitat utilization than the presence of heterospecifics. Hence, our data do not support the hypothesis that habitat partitioning plays a substantial role for the coexistence of these sexually interacting species.

SUMMARY The question of how phenotypic variation is maintained within populations has long been a central issue in evolutionary biology. Most of these studies focused on the maintenance of genetic variability, but the phenotype of organisms may also be influenced by environmental cues experienced during ontogeny. Color polymorphism has received particular attention in evolutionary studies as it has strong fitness consequences. However, if body coloration is influenced by the environment, any conclusions on evolutionary consequences of fitness trade-offs can be misleading. Here we present data from a laboratory experiment on the influence of substrate color on three aspects of the coloration of two ground-hopper species, Tetrix subulata and Tetrix ceperoi. We reared hatchlings either on dark or on light substrates, using a split-brood design. Although the type of pronotal pattern changed mainly in response to nymphal development, the basic color was strongly influenced by the substrate color. In both species, black and dark olive color morphs were found more frequently on the dark substrate, whereas the gray color morph dominated on the light substrate. These findings have considerable implications for our understanding of color morph evolution as they show that color polymorphism may not only be maintained by natural selection acting on discrete color morphs, but also by phenotypic plasticity, which enables organisms to adjust to the environmental conditions experienced during ontogeny. This facultative morphology is opposing to the prevailing view of color morph adaptation, which assumes a purely genetic determination and co-evolution of discrete color morphs with life history traits.

Similar to resource competition, reproductive interference may hamper the coexistence of closely related species. Species that utilize similar signal channels during mate finding may face substantial fitness costs when they come into contact and demographic displacement of the inferior species (sexual exclusion) is a likely outcome of such interactions. The two ground-hopper species Tetrix ceperoi and Tetrix subulata broadly overlap in their ranges and general habitat requirements, but rarely co-occur on a local scale. Results from laboratory and field experiments suggest that this mosaic pattern of sympatry might be influenced by reproductive interference. Here, we examine the significance of sexual interactions for these species in the field and test hypotheses on mechanisms of coexistence. Our results show that heterospecific sexual interactions also occur under field conditions, but in contrast to the experiments T. ceperoi was not the inferior species. The number of male mating attempts of both species was strongly correlated with encounter frequencies. Males discriminated between the sexes but not between the species, suggesting an incomplete mate recognition system in both species. The analysis of microhabitat preferences and spatial distribution revealed that habitat partitioning is not a suitable mechanism of coexistence in this system. Instead, the costs of reproductive interference are substantially mitigated by different niche breadths leading to different degrees of aggregation. Despite a considerable niche overlap T. ceperoi displayed a stronger preference for bare ground and occurred more aggregated than T. subulata, which had a broader niche. These differences may reduce the frequencies of heterospecific encounters and interactions in the field. Our results demonstrate that coexistence in the presence of reproductive interference is comparable to resource competition, being strongly influenced by ecological traits of the involved species, such as niche breadth and dispersion pattern.

1. As species are often considered discrete natural units, interspecific sexual interactions are often disregarded as potential factors determining community composition. Nevertheless reproductive interference, ranging from signal jamming to hybridization, can have significant costs for species sharing similar signal channels. 2. We combined laboratory and field experiments to test whether the coexistence of two congeneric ground-hopper species with overlapping ranges might be influenced by sexual interactions. 3. In the laboratory experiment the number of conspecific copulations of Tetrix ceperoi decreased substantially in the presence of Tetrix subulata. Males of T. ceperoi performed more mating attempts with heterospecific females, whereas females of T. subulata rejected these heterospecific approaches more often than those of conspecifics. Although no heterospecific matings occurred in the laboratory, the reproductive success of T. ceperoi was reduced substantially in field experiments. Negative effects on T. subulata were found only at high densities. 4. Our results suggest that reproductive interference could have similar consequences as competition, such as demographic displacement of one species ('sexual exclusion'). As reproductive interference should be selected against, it may also drive the evolution of signals (reproductive character displacement) or promote habitat, spatial or temporal segregation.

Sexual differences in habitat preferences have been reported from a variety of animal taxa. However, the ultimate causes for this intersexual niche segregation remain poorly understood. It has been suggested that sexual dimorphism is a consequence of dimorphic niches based upon different reproductive costs and activities of the sexes. Here we provide evidence from field data to examine this hypothesis by studying the behavioral background of niche segregation in Tetrix ceperoi. Our data revealed distinct sexual differences in the substrates on which the insects perched and in the solar radiation of these locations. Males were found at brighter locations and more often on bare ground than females. Incorporation of behavioral data in our analysis showed that patches of bare ground were mainly utilized during mating behavior, in which males invested more time than females. In contrast, females spent more time resting and feeding in the vegetation. Intersexual differences in the proportion of autotomized individuals indicate that males might suffer higher predation risks. These patterns support the dimorphic niches hypothesis, which suggests that differential habitat utilization is caused by differences in the life history strategies of males and females, since males should accept a higher predation risk due to the benefits of multiple matings. Females should invest more time in gaining nutrients and energy for egg production and survival, whereas males should spend more time with searching for mates. We suggest that behavioral covariates should more often be implemented in ecological analyses, since these might have a strong explanatory power.

Tetrix ceperoi (Bolivar, 1887) Material examined. Moravia mer., Valtice, p��skovna, 8.viii. 2008, 1F, P. Koč��rek leg., det. et coll.; Host��radice, quarry, 24.viii. 2011, 2 F, 12.vii. 2012, 1 M, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll. In Bohemia, it has been found only once in the environs of Třeboň, and that report was from 1960 (Mařan 1960). Despite intensive surveys, its presence has not been confirmed in Bohemia, and so it must be evaluated as missing in Bohemia. From southern Moravia, it is known from several localities (Holu��a & Holu��a 2003; as noted earlier in this report), and other findings are possible and expected., Published as part of Holu��a, Jaroslav, Ko����rek, Petr, Vlk, Robert & Marhoul, Pavel, 2013, Annotated checklist of the grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera) of the Czech Republic, pp. 437-460 in Zootaxa 3616 (5) on page 445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3616.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/222524

Tetrix ceperoi , deren Vorkommen in der Schweiz erst kürzlich bestätigt wurde (Baur et al. 1996), ist aus ganzen Regionen verschwunden (insbesondere aus dem Kanton Zürich) und scheint nun auf die Westschweiz beschränkt zu sein. Während sie am Südufer des Neuenburgersees (Grande Cariçaie) relativ weit verbreitet ist, kommt sie andernorts nur sehr lokal vor. Diese ausgesprochen stenöke Art besiedelt vor allem schlammige Pionierstandorte mit spärlicher Vegetation in Flachmooren, seltener (in den Kantonen Genf und Freiburg) auch natürliche Ufer einiger Fliessgewässer und/oder Kiesgruben. Der Fortbestand dieser Art ist abhängig von der Erhaltung der Feuchtgebiete und Auen sowie von der regelmässigen Erneuerung der schlammigen Pionierstandorte und der Sand- und Kiesbänke., Published as part of Monnerat C., Thorens P., Walter T. & Gonseth Y., 2007, Rote Liste der Heuschrecken der Schweiz, pp. 1-62 in Umwelt-Vollzug 7 (19) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.270238, {"references":["Baur B., Coray A., Thorens P. 1996: Die Westliche Dornschrecke, Tetrix ceperoi (Bolivar 1887) - eine fur die Schweiz neue Heuschreckenart (Saltatoria: Tetrigidae). Mitteilungen der schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft 69: 457 - 463"]}

Tetrix ceperoi Bolivar, 1887 Westliche Dornschrecke EN B2a, B2b(iii,iv), B2c(iii ) Pionierart, Published as part of Monnerat C., Thorens P., Walter T. & Gonseth Y., 2007, Rote Liste der Heuschrecken der Schweiz, pp. 1-62 in Umwelt-Vollzug 7 (19) on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.270238