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2. Chapter 55 - Poleroviruses in vegetable legumes

Author

Awasthi, L. P., Umar, Muhammad, Farooq, Tahir, Tegg, Robert, Thangavel, Tamilarasan, Wilson, Calum, Awasthi, L. P., Umar, Muhammad, Farooq, Tahir, Tegg, Robert, Thangavel, Tamilarasan, and Wilson, Calum

Abstract

Vegetable and pulse legumes are very important sources of human and animal nutrition and are known to be susceptible to many plant viruses, including members of the genus Polerovirus. Thirteen species or tentative species have been reported from vegetable or pulse legume crops, of which turnip yellows virus and chickpea chlorotic stunt virus are particularly prevalent and important. This review summarizes and discusses information on Polerovirus biology, impact, epidemiology, and disease management and highlights a need for further studies of these legume pathogens.

Published
2024

8. Abundance of Poleroviruses within Tasmanian Pea Crops Surrounding Weeds the Genetic Diversity of TuYV Isolates Found

Author

Umar, Muhammad, Tegg, Robert S., Farooq, Tahir, Thangavel, Tamilarasan, Wilson, Calum R. T., Umar, Muhammad, Tegg, Robert S., Farooq, Tahir, Thangavel, Tamilarasan, and Wilson, Calum R. T.

Abstract

The genus Polerovirus contains positive-sense, single-stranded RNA plant viruses that cause significant disease in many agricultural crops, including vegetable legumes. This study aimed to identify and determine the abundance of Polerovirus species present within Tasmanian pea crops and surrounding weeds that may act as virus reservoirs. We further sought to examine the genetic diversity of TuYV, the most commonly occurring polerovirus identified. Pea and weed samples were collected during 2019–2020 between October and January from thirty-four sites across three different regions (far northwest, north, and midlands) of Tasmania and tested by RT-PCR assay, with selected samples subject to next-generation sequencing. Results revealed that the presence of polerovirus infection and the prevalence of TuYV in both weeds and pea crops varied across the three Tasmanian cropping regions, with TuYV infection levels in pea crops ranging between 0 and 27.5% of tested plants. Overall, two species members from each genus, Polerovirus and Potyvirus, one member from each of Luteovirus, Potexvirus, and Carlavirus, and an unclassified virus from the family Partitiviridae were also found as a result of NGS data analysis. Analysis of gene sequences of the P0 and P3 genes of Tasmanian TuYV isolates revealed substantial genetic diversity within the collection, with a few isolates appearing more closely aligned with BrYV isolates. Questions remain around the differentiation of TuYV and BrYV species. Phylogenetic inconsistency in the P0 and P3 ORFs supports the concept that recombination may have played a role in TuYV evolution in Tasmania. Results of the evolutionary analysis showed that the selection pressure was higher in the P0 gene than in the P3 gene, and the majority of the codons for each gene are evolving under purifying selection. Future full genome-based analyses of the genetic variations will expand our understanding of the evolutionary patterns existing among TuYV popula

Published
2022

9. Genomic Characterisation of an Isolate of Brassica Yellows Virus Associated with Brassica Weed in Tasmania

Author

Umar, Muhammad, Farooq, Tahir, Tegg, Robert S., Thangavel, Tamilarasan, Wilson, Calum R., Umar, Muhammad, Farooq, Tahir, Tegg, Robert S., Thangavel, Tamilarasan, and Wilson, Calum R.

Abstract

Brassica yellows virus (BrYV), a tentative species in the genus Polerovirus, of the Solemoviridae family, is a phloem-restricted and aphid-transmitted virus with at least three genotypes (A, B, and C). It has been found across mainland China, South Korea, and Japan. BrYV was previously undescribed in Tasmania, and its genetic variability in the state remains unknown. Here, we describe a near-complete genome sequence of BrYV (genotype A) isolated from Raphanus raphanistrum in Tasmania using next-generation sequencing and sanger sequencing of RT-PCR products. BrYV-Tas (GenBank Accession no. OM469309) possesses a genome of 5516 nucleotides (nt) and shares higher sequence identity (about 90%) with other BrYV isolates. Phylogenetic analyses showed variability in the clustering patterns of the individual genes of BrYV-Tas. Recombination analysis revealed beginning and ending breakpoints at nucleotide positions 1922 to 5234 nt, with the BrYV isolate LC428359 and BrYV isolate KY310572 identified as major and minor parents, respectively. Results of the evolutionary analysis showed that the majority of the codons for each gene are evolving under purifying selection, though a few codons were also detected to have positive selection pressure. Taken together, our findings will facilitate an understanding of the evolutionary dynamics and genetic diversity of BrYV.

Published
2022

10. Subversion of Phytomyxae Cell Communication With Surrounding Environment to Control Soilborne Diseases; A Case Study of Cytosolic Ca2+ Signal Disruption in Zoospores of Spongospora subterranea

Author

Amponsah, Jonathan, Tegg, Robert S., Thangavel, Tamilarasan, and Wilson, Calum R.

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Microbiology
Abstract

Ca2+ signaling regulates physiological processes including chemotaxis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Its inhibition has formed the basis for control of human disease but remains largely unexplored for plant disease. This study investigated the role of Ca2+ signaling on motility and chemotaxis of Spongospora subterranea zoospores, responsible for root infections leading to potato root and tuber disease. Cytosolic Ca2+ flux inhibition with Ca2+ antagonists were found to alter zoospore swimming patterns and constrain zoospore chemotaxis, root attachment and zoosporangia infection. LaCl3 and GdCl3, both Ca2+ channel blockers, at concentrations ≥ 50 μM showed complete inhibition of zoospore chemotaxis, root attachment and zoosporangia root infection. The Ca2+ chelator EGTA, showed efficient chemotaxis inhibition but had relatively less effect on root attachment. Conversely the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine had lesser effect on zoospore chemotaxis but showed strong inhibition of zoospore root attachment. Amiloride hydrochloride had a significant inhibitory effect on chemotaxis, root attachment, and zoosporangia root infection with dose rates ≥ 150 μM. As expected, zoospore attachment was directly associated with root infection and zoosporangia development. These results highlight the fundamental role of Ca2+ signaling in zoospore chemotaxis and disease establishment. Their efficient interruption may provide durable and practical control of Phytomyxea soilborne diseases in the field.

Published
2022
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12. Contributors

Author

Abadin, Zain Ul, Abbas, Muhammad Taqqi, Abd El-Aziz, M.H., Abhishek, G.J., Abraham, Adane, Adeniyi, D.O., Ahmad, Sadia, Ahmed, Mukhtar, Ahsan, Aymen, Akinyemi, Sunday O.S., Al-Tawaha, Abdel Razzaq, Alegbejo, Matthew Dada, Alemandri, Vanina, Ali, Akhtar, Aliyu, Taiye H., Amato, Marcos, Amezquita, N.F., Angira, Aniket, Arogundade, Olawale, Arshad, Hibba, Asif, Mahrukh, Aslam, Muhammad Naveed, Asogwa, E.U., Avila, L.A., Awasthi, L.P., Back, Emma J., Bano Rizvi, Syeda Shahar, Banwo, Olalekan Oyeleke, Barbosa, Tarsiane M.C., Barros, S.C.I.M., Barrón-Contreras, J.L., Bañuelos-Hernández, B., Belen, Glenrose B., Beltran, J.H., Berkani, Salima, Bernal, Julio S., Bhardwaj, Pooja, Bhat, Alangar Ishwara, Boonham, N., Bruckner, Fernanda P., Budzanivska, I., Bukhari, Syeda Fatima, Cabrera Mederos, Dariel, Carvalho, C.M., Chalam, V. Celia, Chandra, Prem, Changadeya, Wisdom, Changaya, Albert, Chapara, V., Chapara, R., Chatterjee, Arpita, Choudhary, Nandlal, Cherian K., Anita, Chinnadurai, Chinnaraja, Chirumamilla, A., Chofong, G.N., Clover, G.R.G., Creamer, Rebecca, Cruz-Hernández, A., Cruz, Maylín, Cuevas, A., Dale, J., Das, I.K., da Silva, Marcel Fernando, Davino, Salvatore, Deepika, D.D., Delmiglio, C., Dian, V.S., Dongo, L.N., Echeverri, J., Eiras, Marcelo, Ellouze, Walid, Elçi, Eminur, Emmanuel, C.J., Enespa, Ertunç, Filiz, Faggioli, Francesco, Fall, Mamadou L., Fariña, Arnaldo Esquivel, Farooq, Tahir, Figueira, A.R., Fox, A., Gaafar, Yahya Z.A., Gates, Matthew Russell, Gazel, Mona, Ghosh, Subrata Kumar, Giolitti, Fabián, Gnanaprakash, S., Gonçalves, Marcos Cesar, Goodin, M.M., Groth-Helms, Deborah, Gupta, Taruna, Haider, Muhammad Saleem, Hallan, Vipin, Harding, R., Harish, Atheena, Haroon, Rajia, Hashmi, Muhammad Muneeb, Higuera, O.L., Ighani, Hakimeh, James, A., Jasrotia, Poonam, Javaran, Vahid J., Jevremović, Darko, Jeyaseelan, T.C., Jones, Tara-Kay L., Kalaiponmani, K., Kapoor, Promil, Karanfil, Ali, Karanja, Laura Shali, Karavina, Charles, Karthikeyan, Gandhi, Kashina, Boniface David, Kashyap, Prem Lal, Katis, N.I., Kaul, Noyonika, Kaur, Baljeet, Kaushal, Lovelin, Kawas, Houda, Keremane, Manjunath L., Khaliq, Robina, Khan, Asifa, Khanna, Megha, Khanum, Samia, Kidanemariam, D., Kil, Eui-Joon, Kim, Chang-Seok, Kingsley-Umana, E.B., Kitajima, Elliot Watanabe, Krishnan, Kathiravan, Krishna Reddy, M., Kumar, R., Kumar, Sudheer, Kumar, Surender, Kumari, Safaa G., Kumari, Pooja, Kumari, Reenu, Kyriakopoulou, P.E., Lau, Douglas, Leastro, Mikhail Oliveira, Lee, Richard F., Lee, Sukchan, Leiva, D.C., Leiva Mora, Michel, Londoño-Avendaño, M.A., Londoño, A., Lorenzo, Jaira T., Maciel, L.S., Madhumitha, B., Maheen, Nimra, Makkouk, Khaled M., Mamedova, Sabina, Manglli, Ariana, Manoranjitham, S.K., Mar, Talita Bernardon, Matić, Slavica, Matthew, Joshua O., Maurya, A.K., Mbewe, Willard, Medina, Raul F., Meena, N.K., Moosa, Anam, Mtonga, Andrew, Muhammad, Buhari, Mulholland, Vincent, Munguía, M.E.G., Mushtaq, Sehrish, Mustafayev, Eldar, Muthu, Sakthivel, Muturi, Samuel Mwangangi, Najar, Asma, Njeru, Lucyline Kajira, Njoroge, Samuel M.C., Noris, Emanuela, Nothnagel, Thomas, Nsabiyera, V., Nusayr, Tesneem, Ochoa-Corona, F.M., Ochwo-Ssemakula, M., Olson, J.D., Pangga, Ireneo B., Pant, R.P., Parrella, Giuseppe, Paunović, Svetlana, Pereira, Paulo Roberto Valle Da Silva, Perez, C.R., Pimenta, Ricardo José Gonzaga, Pinto, Luciana Rossini, Pocsai, Emil, Poojari, Sudarsana, Portal, Orelvis, Pun, K.B., Pushpanathan, Sangeetha, Raj, Chandramani, Raj, S.K., Ramalho-Bean, T.O., Randa-Zelyut, Filiz, Relevante-Belagantol, Cherry A., Riaz, Hafsa, Rishi, Narayan, Rivera-Bustamante, R., Roumi, Vahid, Sadiq, Saleha, Saeed, Sana Tabanda, Sajid, Qurat-ul Ain, Samad, Abdul, Samah, S., Shafiq, Muhammad, Shaheen, Mohamed Nasr Fathi, Shakeel, Muhammad Taimoor, Sharma, V.K., Sharma, Susheel Kumar, Sharma, Tejaswini, Sharma, Rajan, Shevchenko, O., Shevchenko, T., Silva, Fábio Nascimento da, Silveira, A.T.L., Singh, Rachana, Singh, Shweta, Singh, M.K., Singh, Gyanendra Pratap, Sinha, Soumya, Snihur, H., Sokhandan-Bashir, Nemat, Srivastava, Ashish, Srivastava, Sonal, Sta. Cruz, Filomena C., Sánchez-Navarro, Jesús Ángel, Sukal, A., Sundararaj, Deepan, Sutula, Chet, Taglienti, Anna, Çağlayan, Kadriye, Tavares Esashika, M.L., Tawaha, Abdel Rahman M., Tegg, Robert, Thangavel, Tamilarasan, Thirumalaiappan, Priyanga, Thompson, J.R., Tiberini, Antonio, İlbağı, Havva, Tomassoli, Laura, Trucco, Verónica, Çıtır, Ahmet, Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem, Umar, Muhammad, Valadez-Moctezuma, E., Varma, Anupam, Vazquez-Iglesias, I., Vemulapati, Bhadra Murthy, Venkataravanappa, V., Verma, H.N., Wachira, Francis Nyamu, Wilson, Calum, Xavier, C.A.D., Xavier, A.S., Yadav, Priya, Zagrai, Luminița-Antonela, Zagrai, Ioan, Zanardo, Larissa G., Zelaya-Molina, L.X., Zhang, Shulu, Zia, Amjad, and Ziebell, Heiko

Published
2024
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17. Subversion of Phytomyxae Cell Communication With Surrounding Environment to Control Soilborne Diseases; A Case Study of Cytosolic Ca2+ Signal Disruption in Zoospores of Spongospora subterranea.

Author

Amponsah, Jonathan, Tegg, Robert S., Thangavel, Tamilarasan, and Wilson, Calum R.

Subjects
CELL communication, ZOOSPORES, AMILORIDE, CHEMOTAXIS, ROOT diseases, PLANT diseases
Abstract

Ca2+ signaling regulates physiological processes including chemotaxis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Its inhibition has formed the basis for control of human disease but remains largely unexplored for plant disease. This study investigated the role of Ca2+ signaling on motility and chemotaxis of Spongospora subterranea zoospores, responsible for root infections leading to potato root and tuber disease. Cytosolic Ca2+ flux inhibition with Ca2+ antagonists were found to alter zoospore swimming patterns and constrain zoospore chemotaxis, root attachment and zoosporangia infection. LaCl3 and GdCl3, both Ca2+ channel blockers, at concentrations ≥ 50 μM showed complete inhibition of zoospore chemotaxis, root attachment and zoosporangia root infection. The Ca2+ chelator EGTA, showed efficient chemotaxis inhibition but had relatively less effect on root attachment. Conversely the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine had lesser effect on zoospore chemotaxis but showed strong inhibition of zoospore root attachment. Amiloride hydrochloride had a significant inhibitory effect on chemotaxis, root attachment, and zoosporangia root infection with dose rates ≥ 150 μM. As expected, zoospore attachment was directly associated with root infection and zoosporangia development. These results highlight the fundamental role of Ca2+ signaling in zoospore chemotaxis and disease establishment. Their efficient interruption may provide durable and practical control of Phytomyxea soilborne diseases in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. Resistance to multiple tuber diseases expressed in somaclonal variants of the potato cultivar Russet Burbank.

Author

Thangavel T, Steven Tegg R, and Wilson CR

Subjects
Phenotype, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases microbiology, Solanum tuberosum microbiology
Abstract

Multiple disease resistance is an aim of many plant breeding programs. Previously, novel somatic cell selection was used to generate potato variants of "Russet Burbank" with resistance to common scab caused by infection with an actinomycete pathogen. Coexpression of resistance to powdery scab caused by a protozoan pathogen was subsequently shown. This study sought to define whether this resistance was effective against additional potato tuber diseases, black scurf, and tuber soft rot induced by fungal and bacterial pathogens. Pot trials and in vitro assays with multiple pathogenic strains identified significant resistance to both tuber diseases across the potato variants examined; the best clone A380 showed 51% and 65% reductions in disease severity to tuber soft rot and black scurf, respectively, when compared with the parent line. The resistance appeared to be tuber specific as no enhanced resistance was recorded in stolons or stem material when challenged Rhizoctonia solani that induces stolon pruning and stem canker. The work presented here suggests that morphological characteristics associated with tuber resistance may be the predominant change that has resulted from the somaclonal cell selection process, potentially underpinning the demonstrated broad spectrum of resistance to tuber invading pathogens.

Published
2014
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