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Comparing language tests and test preparation materials holds important implications for the latter's validity and reliability. However, not enough studies compare such materials across a wide range of indices. Therefore, this study investigated the text complexity of IELTS academic reading tests (IRT) and IELTS reading practice tests (IRPrT). Fine-grained quantitative analyses were undertaken to delineate measures of lexical, syntactic, and discourse complexity across a corpus of 108 IRT and 108 IRPrT published by Pearson, Macmillan, and Cengage Learning. The results suggest little difference between IRT and IRPrT at the lexical level; however, there were significant differences in some measures of syntactic and discourse level complexity. The findings bear implications for stakeholders including learners as test takers, instructors, material developers, and language testing researchers. We interpret this to mean that while IRPrT materials are lexically conducive to the practice for IRT and can provide a similar experience, the IRPrT do show some differences in the amount of subordination and idea repetition at the discourse level. Therefore, instructors and learners may seek to supplement practice with these structures when preparing for IRT, and the designers of such practice materials should consider aligning these factors in the future.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning has gained significant attention within the educational context of Vietnam. Nonetheless, there is a shared concern among educators about the effectiveness of the online platform that supports positive learning outcomes. To address this, the Connectivist Learning Environment (CLE), where learning activities were designed and aligned with connectivism theory, was introduced. This study explored whether or not the CLE helped develop the general pedagogical knowledge (GPK) of Vietnamese pre-service English teachers (PETs) and the possible factors that led to their GPK development. This study involved 40 pre-service English teachers at a university in Vietnam and 15 Vietnamese and foreign teachers of English. Data were collected through pre-tests, posttests, online reflective journals, an online survey, and a semi-structured interview. An independent paired sample t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze quantitative data, while content analysis was used with qualitative data. The findings revealed that the GPK of pre-service English teachers is significantly higher after 9-weeks of participation. The participants stated that the CLE is a beneficial learning platform with various positive attributes. In addition to the theoretical and pedagogical implications, this study offers insights for future research studies.

For centuries, the collaboration between higher education and industry (or academic engagement) has become an exciting topic for all related stakeholders, such as researchers, policymakers, or entrepreneurs. Nonetheless, there has yet to be any comprehensive understanding of the extant literature on this topic. Motivated by this gap, this study applies the bibliometric method to review all related documents of academic engagement indexed in the Scopus database between 1978 and 2021. The results showed that the period from 2018 to 2021 identified itself as a golden era with the palpable attention of scholars who contributed to approximately 80% of the related topic. The countries ranked in the top five with dominant publications include the US, the UK, Spain, Italy and Germany. The co-word analysis also recognized technology transfer, research and development, and entrepreneurial university and university-industry relations as the key topics focused on academic engagement works of literature.

Establishing and maintaining a highly-trained pharmaceutical workforce is crucial for serving the healthcare needs of the population. Globally, various factors have been associated with the decision of students leaving high school to pursue an undergraduate degree in pharmacy, however, this topic has not yet been explored in Vietnam. To explore the motivations of first-year undergraduate pharmacy students to study pharmacy at university. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 428 first-year pharmacy students enrolled in undergraduate pharmacy programs from across all universities in Can Tho, Vietnam, including one public university (193 students) and two private universities (235 students), from November 2022 to February 2023. Exploratory factor analysis identified five underlying factors associated with the choice of students to study pharmacy, with internal consistency assessed using Cronbach's Alpha ([alpha]): personal factors ([alpha] = 0.86), career ([alpha] = 0.88), advice ([alpha] = 0.74), reputation ([alpha] = 0.84), and promotion ([alpha] = 0.76). Of these factors, personal factors had the greatest impact (mean = 4.13), while the least influential factor was promotion (mean = 2.92). Compared to public university students, private university students were more influenced by career (p = 0.019), advice (p = 0.002), and promotion (p < 0.001) when making the decision to study pharmacy. This study identifies the factors associated with the decision to pursue pharmacy education. These findings may be of interest to educational institutions addressing how they attract students and meet the workforce needs of the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare system.

This article explores patterns in teachers' reported correction of student language use in speech and writing. The authors use the concept of language correction in student writing and student speech as a proxy for prescriptive approaches to teaching about language. By conducting a large-scale survey of all language and literacy teachers from preschool through 12th grade across an entire state, the authors were able to identify patterns in teachers' approaches to teaching about language that smaller case studies and nuanced qualitative studies have not yet documented. They examine differences in teachers' self-reported correction of student language use across teacher characteristics and contexts such as grade levels taught, regions of the state, years of teaching experience, and whether teachers had taken a linguistics class. The authors identified marked differences in how elementary and secondary teachers report correcting student writing and speech. They found a small but significant difference in the impact of taking a linguistics class depending on grades taught. They note small but significant differences between reported correction of language for teachers in urban and rural contexts. They discuss implications for professional development on teaching about language targeted to the needs of teachers based on grade level, context, and experience.

University students are potential customers of peer-to-peer (P2P) lending and pawnbroking services. However, the existing literature has primarily underestimated such borrowers' opinions of these services, especially from a comparative standpoint. In addition, previous studies have also neglected the implications for personal financial and accounting education and assistance, in general, and in Vietnam, in particular. Therefore, this study explored the correlations among motivations, perceived benefits, perceived risks, perceived trust, and customer intentions toward P2P borrowing and pawnbroking in Vietnam. Specifically, this study collected data from 295 and 314 students at a national university in Hanoi. A comparison analysis of the evaluations of the two samples revealed that the students perceived P2P lending to be more favorable. Furthermore, regression analyses suggested that motivation could significantly affect the students' intentions to use and recommend P2P lending and pawnbroking, although the impacts were more prominent in the P2P model. Perceived risks and trust significantly mediated the association between motivations and intentions; the effects of the former were negative, while these of the latter were positive. Implications for personal finance and accounting education at the undergraduate levels were discussed based on these findings.

Purpose: The advent of artificial intelligence technologies, exemplified by platforms such as ChatGPT, has created a profound global impact, with a particular resonance in education. This research aims to integrate the information systems success (ISS) model with the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) paradigm to explore how information quality and service quality individually, jointly, congruently, and incongruently affect higher education students' trust in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and continuance usage intention. Design/methodology/approach: We employed a sophisticated methodology -- polynomial regression with response surface analysis -- and conducted our study with a sample of 468 higher education students selected in Vietnam using a three-phase stratified random sampling approach to evaluate the hypotheses developed. Findings: The findings indicate that both information and service quality influence higher education students' trust directly and positively in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and continuance usage intention. Moreover, a balance between information quality and service quality can increase students' level of trust in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and intention to continue using it. Nevertheless, a significant incongruity between information quality and service quality will likely reduce trust in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and the intention to continue using the service. Originality/value: This research is one of the first to offer a shred of empirical evidence about how information quality and service quality interact congruently and incongruently with each other to trigger higher education students' trust in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and continuance usage intention of ChatGPT. It thus offers valuable insights for leveraging the benefits and mitigating potential challenges associated with adopting this innovative technology in educational settings.

Based on well-known concepts, including organizational creativity, inclusive leadership theories as well as the input-process-output and its extended version, the current study investigated the effects an inclusive leadership style had on creative teaching through the mediating roles of intra-school knowledge sharing and innovative climate. A questionnaire using a convenience sampling method was conducted among 490 high school teachers in Vietnam, with a return rate of 95.5% (468 respondents) and 446 valid datasets for purposes of analysis. The study indicated that an inclusive leadership style has a positive effect on knowledge sharing, innovative climate, and creative teaching. The mediating role of knowledge sharing and innovative climate were also established in relation to inclusive leadership style and creative teaching. Theoretical and practical implications from our research include recommendations for governments, educators, and policymakers.

The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) measures a relatively positive adaptation despite adversity. This research aims to translate and validate the BRS into Vietnamese. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance analysis across gender, and test-retest reliability were examined consecutively in Study 1 (n = 304), Study 2 (n = 301), and Study 3 (n = 48). BRS has demonstrated good psychometric properties, including acceptable internal consistency reliability ([alpha] = 0.66) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.67). Researchers have found a two-factor structure of the BRS in study 1, and the scale scores showed adequate internal consistency. The two-factor structure was confirmed with a new sample in study 2. BRS construct validity was further examined by correlating with psychological well-being, self-compassion, stress, anxiety, and depression. Although some salient limitations exist in the present study, such as the self-selected sample included a higher level of education than the average in Vietnam, and data were collected via self-report. However, our research suggested that the BRS could measure the Vietnamese university students' resilience by assessing two dimensions (negative and positive resilience). The Vietnamese version of BRS is a good psychometric for resilience studies in Viet Nam.

The teaching method is one of the main aspects to make a huge contribution to the success of any education system, and project-based teaching (PBL) is an important aspect to contribute to the success of education also. This research was conducted through a review of project-based teaching that has been used in the education system of Vietnam, including a sample, and setting that included imperial and theoretical literature selected from the fields of education. Findings show that this method has been applied to various sectors of education, from kindergarten education to higher education, in many disciplines and subjects, in schools and educational settings, and has become more widely popular than ever. This method, however, has its drawbacks because it takes time to master and teachers need more skills to manage the learning atmosphere. This method has been commonly accepted as one that can help teachers and learners understand more and get more benefits in the learning and teaching process.

Purpose: In this study, we presented the Design Thinking model called DITC (Design Thinking in Class) and conducted an experiment during one month with 197 engineering students at Hanoi University of Technology (HUST) to determine how this model could aid in the growth of problem solving and teamwork mindset in a flipped classroom. Method: A Design Thinking mindset questionnaire was given to 197 participants before and after this model was applied. A t-test was used to analyze the data. Findings: the DTIC model fostered students' mindsets such as empathy, holistic view, problem reframing, and teamwork. Students showed very positive feedback and reviews on the model. Implications to Research and Practice: DITC can assist students in grasping Design Thinking concepts, allowing them to understand real-world problems more effectively. This model can be used to support teamwork and problem-solving skills for online learning environments, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also included some suggestions for incorporating Design Thinking into the classroom so that this model can be applied more widely.

The research was carried out to verify the effectiveness of applying Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) on the development of skills required by students in statistical content in grade 7. For achieving research objectives, the pedagogical experiment was conducted in the form of intrinsic legalization for forty-eight 7th-grade students at Tang Phu Nhan B Junior School, District 9, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Accordingly, data on pre-test results, study sheets, posttest, and student learning performance were collected and analyzed qualitatively. The results were assessed based on the criteria corresponding to the required skills for the statistical content, including the criteria for data collection, classification, and representation according to the given criteria for the skill, data collection, and organization capabilities; simple problem formation and problem-solving criteria arise from the existing statistical figures and charts for data analysis and processing skills. The primary mathematical statistics method was used to evaluate the achievement level of students for each criterion. Thereby, the experimental results showed that applying the RME approach in teaching statistical content positively impacted the development of some skills that students needed to achieve. Also, a number of guidelines were provided to guide the enhancement of RME activities.

Projection in education is one of the important bases for the implementation of the sustainable and crucial strategies to ensure the development of national education, including Vietnam. As a country in Southeast Asia with the distinctive characteristics of culture and history, Vietnam has the certain advantages and disadvantages in the development of education. In this study, the projection of Vietnamese students of each school level in the period of 2015 -- 2035, was referred in comparison with the projection of the teacher resource in all school levels as one of the conditions for the basic educational development in Vietnam. The study was conducted using an integrated projection in education's formula, combined with a census (birth rate - for students; the number of teachers from Department of Education and Training's reports, the pedagogy students prepare for graduation - for teachers) from 32 provinces and cities of Vietnam and analyzed on the rate of population change over the years. The results showed that the shortage of the teacher resource (especially the preschool teachers) and the erratic increase in the number of the children born in the good years according to the Eastern concept were the anxious issues when developing Vietnamese education and integrating into the global development trend.

The study aims to investigate washback of the English National Exam (ENE) on learning and how they impacted English language learning strategies of first-year English majors at University of Foreign Language Studies, The University of Danang (UFLS, UD). Data was collected from a questionnaire administered to 120 first-year English majors and an interview conducted with ten randomly-selected students from the focus group. The findings indicated that given the ENE 2018 as an objective test with emphasis on language knowledge (grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation) and reading skills, previous learning practices of first-year English majors as the washback of ENE resulted in intense memorization of language knowledge to perform test-preparation exercises rather than concentrating on developing non-tested skills (listening, speaking, and writing). While some previous English learning practices have inherently benefited first-year English majors, they mainly exert negative effects and drive first-year English majors to develop and modify pre-existent strategies as well as adopt new ones for the development of all language skills. The study is instrumental in depicting potential effects of previous learning practices for the ENE on higher education specializing in English, thereby preparing first-year English majors to make adjustments and accommodate themselves with appropriate learning strategies at UFLS, UD.

The article reports a qualitative-quantitative case study of 239 Vietnamese university students' perspectives on the effects of their silence on the formulation and quality of their talk. It presents participants' voices with regards to whether and how their silent thinking influences verbal communication in the English language classroom and discusses the dynamics of productive learning strategies that would benefit the quality of speech. Data from an open-ended questionnaire reveal insights into students' silent and verbal learning with a focus on the logical relationship between the two modes. Three findings coming out of this project include different nuances of the silent learning behaviour, the frequency of success in producing speech after mental processing practice, and a range of practical strategies that helps turn thoughts into verbal output. The study unpacks the importance of silence as autonomous learning and proposes relevant classroom activities for more rewarding outcomes.

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security.