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In southern Vietnam, a four-year-old boy presented with severe diarrhea, followed by seizures, coma, and death. The cerebrospinal fluid contained 1 white cell per cubic millimeter, normal glucose levels, and increased levels of protein (0.81 g per liter). The diagnosis of avian influenza A (H5N1) was established by isolation of the virus from cerebrospinal fluid, fecal, throat, and serum specimens. The patient's nine-year-old sister had died from a similar syndrome two weeks earlier. In both siblings, the clinical diagnosis was acute encephalitis. Neither patient had respiratory symptoms at presentation. These cases suggest that the spectrum of influenza H5N1 is wider than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Southeast Asia has the most resistant malaria parasites in the world, which severely limits treatment options. There is general acceptance that to combat resistance, combinations of antimalarial drugs that include an artemisinin derivative should be used, and, if possible, these should be formulated in a single tablet.Methods: We did a pilot randomised study in a tertiary referral hospital in Vietnam to compare the efficacy of 3-day regimens of dihydroartemisinin-trimethoprim-piperaquine (DHA-TP total dose 4.8/13.6/48 mg/kg, respectively) with the standard antimalarial regimen in Vietnam, artesunate-mefloquine (A3M total dose 12/25 mg/kg, respectively) in non-immune patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. 114 patients were randomised, 76 to DHA-TP and 38 to A3M. The subsequent open randomised trial at a Provincial Health Station compared DHA-TP, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, and A3M in 400 patients. In both studies all patients received directly observed therapy and were followed up for 56 days. The primary endpoint was reappearance of P falciparum malaria within 56 days of treatment. Analysis was by intention to treat.Findings: The 56-day cure rate in the pilot study, adjusted for reinfections identified by PCR genotyping, was 97.4% (74/76) in the DHA-TP group and 100% (38/38) in the A3M group. In the second study, cure rates were similar in the three groups; DHA-TP 97.4% (153/157), dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine 98.7% (164/166), and A3M 98.7% (76/77). The DHA-TP and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine regimens were well tolerated; fewer than 3% of patients had side-effects that might have been related to treatment, compared with 16% of A3M patients (p<0.001). No patients were lost to follow-up.Interpretation: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is an inexpensive, safe, highly efficacious fixed-dose antimalarial combination treatment that could make an important contribution to the control of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a threat to global society. Delta and Omicron are concerning variants due to the risk of increasing human-to-human transmissibility and immune evasion. This study aims to evaluate the binding ability of these variants toward the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and antibodies using a computational approach. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the two variants was created by CHARMM-GUI and then docked to the hACE2 receptor and two antibodies (REGN10933 and REGN10987). These complexes were also subjected to molecular dynamics simulation within 100 ns. As a result, the two variants, Omicron and Delta, exhibited stronger interaction with the hACE2 receptor than the wild type. The mutations in the RBD region also facilitated the virus's escape from antibody neutralization.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy in improving sleep quality and safety of hypnotics in individuals aged 65 years or older compared to those under 65 years., Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and EBM Reviews were searched for randomized clinical trials comparing hypnotics to the placebo in adults with chronic insomnia between Jan 2000 and Dec 2022. The efficacy outcome included all participant self-assessments sleep quality questionnaires. The safety outcome included acceptability and tolerance. Standardized mean differences (SMD) was estimated using a random effect model., Results: We included 17 and 53 clinical trials with 3688 and 14,720 participants in the ≥65 years and <65 years group respectively. The SMD for the sleep quality outcome was -0.36 [Confidence interval (CI) 95 %: 0.45;-0.26] in the ≥65 years group compared to -0.51 [95%CI: 0.61; -0.41] in the <65 years group (p = 0.02). Differences in efficacy were observed between pharmacological classes. The overall SMD for the tolerance outcome was - 0.25 [95%CI: 0.34; -0.16] favoring the placebo group (p < 0.001). In the ≥65 years group the SMD was -0.07 [95%CI: 0.21; 0.08] compared to -0.31 [95%CI: 0.41; -0.21] in the <65 years group (p = 0.01). There were no differences for acceptability., Conclusion: We found that some hypnotics classes could be less effective in older individuals. We encourage authors to include details on multimorbidity and polypharmacy in their publications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Eisai Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd that includes: consulting or advisory. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Paladin Labs Inc that includes: funding grants. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Jazz Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: funding grants. Philippe Desmarais reports a relationship with Eisai Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: National estimates and trends in insomnia symptoms in Canada are outdated. Updates are needed to inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and trends in nighttime insomnia symptoms among Canadians aged 12 years and older between 2007 and 2021., Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional survey was used. Nighttime insomnia symptoms were self-reported and defined as trouble going to sleep or staying asleep most or all of the time., Results: This study included data from 197,469 participants. Nighttime insomnia symptoms in Canadians have remained relatively stable from 2007 to 2021, with higher prevalence in adults (18-20 %), particularly women (19-24 %), and those with a medium level of education defined as secondary school graduation (16-21 %). However, nighttime insomnia symptoms became 1.24-fold more prevalent from 2007 to 2021 among women aged 18-64 years (19.3 % vs. 24.0 %) and 1.33-fold more prevalent among those with a medium level of education (15.9 % vs. 21.2 %). Nighttime insomnia symptoms were roughly two times more prevalent in individuals with poorer self-perceived general health, mental health, and life satisfaction compared to those with better self-perception. The prevalence of nighttime insomnia symptoms among those with poor general health increased 1.18-fold from 23.8 % in 2007 to 28.1 % in 2021., Conclusions: Over this 14-year period, nighttime insomnia symptoms have remained consistently high in Canada, but have increasingly affected certain subgroups. Targeted efforts are needed to address this issue in the most affected segments of the population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Charles M. Morin has received research grants from Eisai, Idorsia, and Lallemand Health; has served on advisory boards for Idorsia and Haleon; and received royalties from Mapi Research Trust. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu has received research grants from Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Paladin Labs, and has served on advisory boards for Eisai and Idorsia. Judith R. Davidson has advised, and owns shares in, HALEO. The other authors have declared no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Achillea alpina L. (Alpine yarrow) is a noteworthy herb in the genus Achillea with many uses in vegetables and traditionally used to treat stomach disorders. In our continuous research on the chemical constituents and biological activities of medicinal plants, ten previously undescribed terpenoids including eight eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes (1-8), one nor-eudesmane-type sesquiterpene (9), one cyclo-geraniol derivative (10), and twenty-one known compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated from the aerial parts of A. alpina. Structures and absolute configurations of the undescribed terpenoids were identified using comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (NMR, HRESI-MS, and CD data) and computational methods (ECD and NMR calculation). Enzyme inhibitory assays showed that the isolated sesquiterpene (19), triterpene (22), and sterol (26) were protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors with IC 50 values ranging from 14.87 to 23.09 μM in comparison with positive control - ursolic acid, showing IC 50 value of 5.93 ± 0.16 μM. Further enzyme kinetics and molecular docking studies were performed to provide valuable insights into their mechanism of action., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Smoking has long been recognized as a risk factor for impaired wound and bone healing, particularly in the context of ankle and foot surgery. Despite numerous studies exploring the association between smoking and complications following ankle replacement, there remains significant inconsistency in their findings. Therefore, this meta-analysis study aims to elucidate whether smoking increases the rate of complications after total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), providing valuable insights for clinical management., Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Wiley databases to identify relevant English studies on the influence of smoking on postoperative complications following ankle replacement without any restrictions on publication dates. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effect models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). This study adhered to PRISMA guidelines for transparent reporting and was registered with PROSPERO., Results: The analysis incorporated data from 12 retrospective cohort studies, totaling 17331 subjects, 2580 of whom were smokers and 791 complications following TAA. The findings revealed a statistically significant disparity in wound-related complications (OR: 2.26; 95 % CI: 1.13-4.50; P = .02), particularly evident in current smokers with an OR of 3.30 (95 % CI: 2.12-5.14; P < .00001). However, we lacked sufficient evidence to substantiate an association between smoking and complications related to the prosthesis (OR: 1.09; 95 % CI: 0.77-1.53; P = .64) or systemic complications (OR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 0.10-14.13; P = .90) following TAA., Conclusions: Smoking, especially current smoking, is associated with increased wound complication risk post-operation for total ankle arthroplasty. Despite a lack of definitive evidence on the optimal timeframe for smoking cessation before surgery, discontinuing smoking appears to be a prudent measure to mitigate these complications., Competing Interests: Competing interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. ICMJE forms for all authors are available online., (Copyright © 2024 European Foot and Ankle Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a common, but complex problem, with multiple therapeutic options and a lack of clear guidelines. Hence, there is considerable controversy and marked variation in the management of NOA. This survey evaluates contemporary global practices related to medical and surgical management for patients with NOA., Materials and Methods: A 56-question online survey covering various aspects of the evaluation and management of NOA was sent to specialists around the globe. This paper analyzes the results of the second half of the survey dealing with the management of NOA. Results have been compared to current guidelines, and expert recommendations have been provided using a Delphi process., Results: Participants from 49 countries submitted 336 valid responses. Hormonal therapy for 3 to 6 months was suggested before surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) by 29.6% and 23.6% of participants for normogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism respectively. The SSR rate was reported as 50.0% by 26.0% to 50.0% of participants. Interestingly, 46.0% reported successful SSR in <10% of men with Klinefelter syndrome and 41.3% routinely recommended preimplantation genetic testing. Varicocele repair prior to SSR is recommended by 57.7%. Half of the respondents (57.4%) reported using ultrasound to identify the most vascularized areas in the testis for SSR. One-third proceed directly to microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) in every case of NOA while others use a staged approach. After a failed conventional TESE, 23.8% wait for 3 months, while 33.1% wait for 6 months before proceeding to mTESE. The cut-off of follicle-stimulating hormone for positive SSR was reported to be 12-19 IU/mL by 22.5% of participants and 20-40 IU/mL by 27.8%, while 31.8% reported no upper limit., Conclusions: This is the largest survey to date on the real-world medical and surgical management of NOA by reproductive experts. It demonstrates a diverse practice pattern and highlights the need for evidence-based international consensus guidelines., Competing Interests: The authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology.)

One of the consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown is that it hinders school-based dengue management interventions. This is due to the closure of schools and the limited availability of online lessons in certain schools. Conversely, the level of basic understanding that primary school children have about the condition is directly related to their likelihood of getting it and their ability to modify their behaviour to prevent it. Thus, the study aims to assess the understanding and develop a school-based model intervention for dengue solutions and larval indices surveillance systems suitable for primary schools. The study used a purposive and convenience technique to recruit participants in the Keawsan sub-district in Nabon district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. An applied community participatory action research (CPAR) design was used to develop a school-based model intervention. The pre-test result shows that more than 90% and 100% of the students have a poor understanding of dengue solutions (UDS) and larval indices surveillance systems (ULISS), respectively. The students with good scores on UDS increased from 2.9% to 54.6% after the intervention, and there is still a prevalent lack of good understanding among more than 85% of the students on ULISS. Meanwhile, gender, class, and school significantly influence (p <0.05) UDS and ULISS among students in either the pre-test or post-test. Based on the thematic analysis, it was determined that the students had learned about dengue fever transmission, dengue mosquitoes, container index calculation, dengue symptoms, and how to prevent dengue mosquitoes, among other topics. Overall, it was discovered that the trained students could convey their knowledge of the dengue solution and the larval indices surveillance system to other students. We recommend that further ULISS training be provided for schoolchildren in more simple terms that they can understand., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Jaroenpool et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The emergence of multicancer early detection (MCED) tests holds promise for improving early cancer detection and public health outcomes. However, positive MCED test results require confirmation through recommended cancer diagnostic imaging modalities. To address these challenges, we have developed a consultation and work-up protocol for definitive diagnostic results post MCED testing, named SPOT-MAS. Developed through circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis and in line with professional guidelines and advisory board consensus, this protocol standardizes information to aid general practitioners in accessing, interpreting and managing SPOT-MAS results. Clinical effectiveness is demonstrated through a series of identified cancer cases. Our research indicates that the protocol could empower healthcare professionals to confidently interpret circulating tumor DNA test results for 5 common types of cancer, thereby facilitating the clinical integration of MCED tests.

Investigating the mechanisms of action of cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia disorder (ID), can contribute to the overall understanding of insomnia and its treatment. To date, no study has examined the relationship between K-complexes (KC) and CBT-I, despite the known homeostatic and protective function of this relevant sleep brainwave. This retrospective multicentre study aims to explore the relationship between electroencephalographic (EEG) indices and CBT-I, with a particular focus on evaluating an index of sleep homeostasis identified by KC. This research is designed to assess the predictive value of this index for treatment outcomes and to examine its variations before and after intervention. Ninety eight patients with ID underwent a 6-8 week in-person CBT-I programme, with pre-and post-treatment evaluation conducted using polysomnography (PSG) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The main outcome was determined by calculating the slope of the linear equation indexing the KC density (number of KC/minutes of N2) in each non-artifacted NREM stage 2 epoch throughout the night (KCSlope). Furthermore, the sample was categorised into Responders (ISIdecrease ≥8) and non-Responders (ISIdecrease <8). The results indicate that the KC Slope is effective not only to predict treatment response (one-way ANOVA, F = 7.831 p = 0.007; Responders = -2.954*10 -5  ± 3.346*10 -5 , non-Responders = -5.583*10 -5  ± 5.305*10 -5 ; adjusted for PSG wake after sleep onset at the baseline), but also to detect a statistically significant improvement in sleep pressure following CBT-I (Wilcoxon signed-rank test W = 3074.000 p = 0.022; KCSlope pre-treatment = -4.054*10 -5  ± 4.446*10 -5 , KCSlope post-treatment = -4.797*10 -5 ± 5.710*10 -5 ). These findings suggest that CBT-I increases sleep pressure in patients with chronic insomnia, highlighting a novel and relevant biomarker in this context., (© 2024 European Sleep Research Society.)

Objectives: The Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) is widely used to identify vocal fatigue, but no Vietnamese version exists. This study aimed to translate the VFI into Vietnamese and evaluate its reliability and validity among primary school teachers in Vietnam., Methods: The VFI was translated using a forward-backward method. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 339 primary school teachers. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was measured with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with self-reported voice problems as the reference., Results: The mean age of participants was 39.9 years [standard deviation (SD) = 10.4], and 84.7% were female. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). Test-retest reliability was also good (ICC = 0.77, P < 0.001). CFA indicated that the three-factor model fit well with the data (Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.91, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.93, root mean squared error of approximation = 0.07, standardized root mean squared residual = 0.05). ROC analysis showed good criterion validity (area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.80), with a cut-off score of 33 (out of 76) yielding sensitivity of 77.7% and specificity of 69.1%., Conclusions: The Vietnamese version of the VFI demonstrates strong reliability and validity, making it a valuable tool for screening and research in Vietnam. Future studies should extend its use to other populations, including professional voice users., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique, yet it faces challenges with certain probe molecules exhibiting weak or inactive signals, limiting their applicability. In a recent study, we investigated this phenomenon using a set of four probe molecules─chloramphenicol (CAP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), amoxicillin (AMX), and furazolidone (FZD)─deposited on Ag-based nanostructured SERS substrates. Despite being measured under identical conditions, CAP and 4-NP exhibited SERS activity, while AMX and FZD did not. We also demonstrated that the alignment of the target molecule's lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level with the substrate's Fermi level plays a critical role in influencing the SERS signal. When the LUMO level diverges from the Fermi level, hindrance of the charge transfer process occurs due to a high potential barrier, leading to weak or absent SERS signals. To overcome this challenge, in this study, we introduce an approach inspired by metal-semiconductor interfacial charge transfer dynamics. By employing TiO 2 /Ag nanostructures, we not only enhance SERS signals for CAP and 4-NP but also activate signals for inactive molecules AMX and FZD. Importantly, we demonstrate that controlling the crystalline phase composition of the TiO 2 semiconductor allows for tailored conduction band minimum energy level (E CBM ) positions, significantly impacting the overall SERS efficiency of the TiO 2 /Ag substrate. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of the semiconductor's E CBM position in the energy alignment of the metal-semiconductor-analyte three-body interaction for an optimal SERS sensing platform. These findings also offer a novel strategy to enhance and activate the SERS phenomenon of important yet underexplored analytes.

Aims: We conducted this study to investigate the impact of muscle loss on musculoskeletal health, fall and fracture risks, and activities of daily living (ADL) in elderly patients with osteoporosis., Materials and Methods: This age- and sex-matched cross-sectional study analyzed data from a medical center involving patients aged ≥ 50 from 2020 to 2022. The included participants were formed into three groups: 100 with osteoporosis only, 100 with osteosarcopenia, and 50 control individuals without osteoporosis and sarcopenia. We compared groups based on their baseline characteristics, bone and muscle health measurements, and the risks of falls and fractures using the STRATIFY scale and FRAX, respectively. Additionally, ADL was assessed using the Barthel Index. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with declined ADL in osteosarcopenic patients., Results: The mean age was 76.17 years, and 82% were female. The osteosarcopenic group demonstrated poorer bone and muscle quality and quantity, with greater risks of major osteoporotic-related fractures, hip fractures, and falls, as well as significantly decreased ADL than other groups. When comparing sexes, females exhibited worse performance than males across groups. Slow gait speed and high STRATIFY score are independent predictors of declined ADL in osteosarcopenic patients., Conclusion: Sarcopenia exacerbates osteoporotic patients, particularly women, worsening bone deterioration, increasing fall and fracture risks, and significantly impairing daily activities. Enhancing walking speed and reducing fall risk can boost independence in individuals with osteosarcopenia. Early detection, proper management, and preventive measures are essential for mitigating these adverse outcomes in high-risk individuals., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical statement: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Ethics Committee of Taipei Medical University on April 1, 2022 (TMU-JIRB N202203088). Written consent was obtained from all participants for their inclusion in the study and the publication of their data. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study proposed a microfluidic chip for the detection and quantification of NSE proteins, aimed at developing a rapid point-of-care testing system for early lung cancer diagnosis. The proposed chip structure integrated an electrochemical biosensor within a straight PDMS microchannel, enabling a significant reduction in sample volume. Additionally, a method was developed to deposit silver and silver chloride layers onto the reference electrode. Following fabrication, the working electrode was modified to immobilize NSE antibodies on its surface, facilitating specific protein detection. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were utilized to investigate the alterations in surface impedance resulting from the specific binding of anti-NSE on the electrode surface across varying concentrations of NSE, ranging from 10 ng ml -1 to 1000 ng ml -1 . The experimental results demonstrated a direct correlation between NSE concentration and surface impedance. Specifically, the charge transfer resistance exhibited an increase from 24.54 MΩ to 89.18 MΩ as the NSE concentration varied from 10 ng ml -1 to 1000 ng ml -1 . Moreover, the concentration of NSE can be quantified by relating it to the charge transfer resistance, which follows a logarithmic equation. The limit of detection (LoD) of the chip was evaluated to be approximately 1.005 ng ml -1 . The proposed chip lays a crucial foundation for developing a Lab-on-a-chip platform dedicated to diagnosing NSE testing and lung cancer., (© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has witnessed significant progress and promising results in recent years worldwide. From 2019 to 2023, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy has released multiple guidelines/consensus with recommendations on integrating AI for detecting and classifying lesions in practical endoscopy. In Vietnam, since 2019, several preliminary studies have been conducted to develop AI algorithms for GI endoscopy, focusing on lesion detection. These studies have yielded high accuracy results ranging from 86% to 92%. For upper GI endoscopy, ongoing research directions comprise image quality assessment, detection of anatomical landmarks, simulating image-enhanced endoscopy, and semi-automated tools supporting the delineation of GI lesions on endoscopic images. For lower GI endoscopy, most studies focus on developing AI algorithms for colorectal polyps' detection and classification based on the risk of malignancy. In conclusion, the application of AI in this field represents a promising research direction, presenting challenges and opportunities for real-world implementation within the Vietnamese healthcare context., Competing Interests: All authors contributed substantially to generating ideas, conducting research, writing reports, editing, and revising the article. The final version was reviewed and approved by all authors. There were no conflicts of interest among the authors., (© The Author(s), 2024.)

Analysis of an antimicrobial extract from the agar-based culture of the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp. G666 led to the isolation of three new shikimic acid derivatives, streptomine A-C (1-3), along with five known compounds (4-8). Their structures were established by their spectral data analyses, including MS and NMR. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of clinically significant microorganisms. Three new compounds 1-3 demonstrated selective antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis with MIC values ranging from 32 to 64 µg/mL. Compound 3 exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against E. faecalis with an MIC value of 32 µg/mL. Compound 4 selectively inhibited Escherichia coli with an MIC value of 128 µg/mL. In addition, compounds 1-3 moderately inhibited the yeast Candida albicans with the same MIC value of 16 µg/mL. Unfortunately, most of isolated compounds were inactive against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica., (© 2024 Wiley‐VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), a notable two-dimensional (2D) material, has attracted considerable interest for its potential applications in gas sensing, despite its typically insulating characteristics, which have limited its practical use. In this study, we present the use of mixed phase MoS 2 (1T@2H-MoS 2 ) to overcome sensing limitations of MoS 2 material by enhancing its conductivity and demonstrating its high-performance characteristics for sensing ammonia (NH 3 ) at room temperature (20 °C). The 1T@2H-MoS 2 was synthesized via a hydrothermal process, and the coexistence of two different phases (the 1T and 2H phases) was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The flower-like morphology was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and TEM. Our results indicate that the presence of both 1T and 2H phases within the material introduces sulfur vacancies, which we propose are critical to significantly enhancing its sensitivity to NH 3 gas. The ammonia-sensing performance of the 1T@2H-MoS 2 material was evaluated, and it demonstrated rapid and selective detection of NH 3 gas across a wide concentration range (2 ppm to 100 ppm), with a very swift response time (7 s), fast recovery and high selectivity at room temperature without requiring heating. This improvement is attributed to the increased conductivity and effective active sites provided by the sulfur defects. This study underscores the potential of mixed-phase MoS 2 in developing rapidly responsive and highly selective NH 3 sensors, paving the way for the safety monitoring of hazardous gases in various industrial settings.

Purpose: Online circular contrast perimetry provides visual field testing on any computer or tablet without additional hardware. This study compared outcomes of online circular contrast perimetry (OCCP) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) in a developing world setting., Methods: The longitudinal and observation study was conducted on patients sampled during 2023 at Hanoi Medical University Hospital. Participants were either healthy volunteers as controls or stable glaucoma patients with either primary angle closure or primary open-angle glaucoma. They underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography scan, and visual field tests performed at baseline and after 3 months and 6 months, using OCCP and SAP in clinic., Results: The current study was carried out in 168 eyes of 87 patients at baseline, 133 eyes of 69 patients at 3 months, and 121 eyes of 63 patients at 6 months. At baseline, OCCP mean deviation (MD) (R 2 = 0.804, p < 0.001) and visual index (VI) (R 2 = 0.892, p < 0.001) were strongly correlated with SAP MD and visual field index (VFI) respectively. There was strong agreement and correlation between MD and VI/VFI for SAP and OCCP on repeated testing after 6 months. At 6 months AUC of SAP VFI (0.79) was superior to AUC of OCCP VI (0.67, p = 0.036); otherwise there was no difference in AUC of MD or VI/VFI at baseline, 3 and 6 months, when comparing OCCP and SAP., Conclusion: OCCP parameters are significantly correlated with those of SAP. OCCP has the potential to provide a complementary role to SAP in glaucoma screening and monitoring., Competing Interests: The following disclosure is the only financial disclosure: A/Prof Simon Skalicky is a director of Eyeonic Pty Ltd, which owns patent WO2021051162A1 regarding online circular contrast perimetry. Tung Thanh Hoang and Tung Quoc Mai share the co-first authorship., (© 2024 Hoang et al.)

Background: The efficacy of transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT) in treating classic Hirschsprung's disease may be enhanced by incorporating laparoscopic-assisted endorectal pull-through (LERPT). This study was done to compare the long-term outcomes of TERPT and LERPT in the treatment of classic segment Hirschsprung's disease., Methods: Longitudinal study., Results: Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 154 patients underwent pull-through procedures. Of these, 113 were treated with TERPT and 41 with LERPT. The median operative time was significantly shorter for TERPT (109.5 min) compared to LERPT (144.6 min; p < 0.001). In terms of long-term outcomes, no significant differences were observed between the two procedures regarding complication rates and stooling patterns., Conclusions: Both TERPT and LERPT are effective surgical approaches for children with classic segment Hirschsprung's disease. The study found no significant differences in long-term outcomes between the two techniques., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The recognition of autoimmune causes of encephalitis has led to epidemiological shifts in the worldwide characteristics of encephalitis. N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis leads to well-established complex neuropsychiatric manifestations. In low- and middle-income countries, including Vietnam, its relative incidence, especially in children, is unknown and most neurologists currently consider infectious encephalitis prior to autoimmune etiologies., Methods: The study was prospectively conducted at Children's Hospital 1 in Ho Chi Minh City between March 2020 and December 2022. Any child admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases and Neurology fulfilling the case definition of encephalitis was eligible to participate. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected alongside meta-clinical data for analysis., Results: We recruited 164 children with a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis. Etiologies were determined as NMDAR antibody encephalitis in 23 of 164 cases (14.0%), Japanese encephalitis virus in 14 of 164 (8.5%), and herpes simplex virus in 4 of 164 (2.4%). Clinical categorizations suggested idiopathic viral encephalitis in another 71 (43.3%), and autoimmune encephalitis of unknown origin in the remaining 52. Factors including demographics, specific clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid and electroencephalogram findings, and length of hospital stay were significantly different between NMDAR antibody encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis., Conclusions: At a tertiary children's hospital in Vietnam, the prevalence of NMDAR antibody encephalitis exceeds that of Japanese encephalitis, the most common infectious encephalitis cause in Southeast Asia. NMDAR antibody encephalitis is associated with long hospital stay and poor outcomes. These findings should change pediatric diagnostics, to earlier consider autoimmune treatments in this clinical setting., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. S. R. I. has received honoraria/research support from UCB, Immunovant, MedImmun, Roche, Janssen, Cerebral Therapeutics, ADC Therapeutics, BioHaven Therapeutics, CSL Behring, and ONO Pharma; receives licensed royalties on patent application WO/2010/046716 entitled “Neurological Autoimmune Disorders”; and has filed 2 other patents entitled “Diagnostic method and therapy” (WO2019211633 and US application 17/051,930; PCT application WO202189788A1) and “Biomarkers” (WO202189788A1, US application 18/279,624; PCT/GB2022/050614). All other authors report no potential conflicts., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

This study investigates the effectiveness of polyaniline oxide (PANI) nanoparticles as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes under visible light irradiation. Known for their stability and adjustable conductivity, PANI nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using P123 surfactants, followed by calcination. The morphology, structural phase, and optical properties of the synthesized PANI materials were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results indicated that the synthesized PANI nanoparticles agglomerated into spherical particles with an average size of 70-80 nm. The photocatalytic properties of PANI materials were evaluated by the decolorization of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) under simulated sunlight irradiation. The PANI photocatalyst was found to be highly effective in removing MB dye, achieving a removal efficiency of approximately 97.09% with a rate constant of 2.08 × 10 -2 min -1 . In comparison, the removal efficiency for RhB was about 58.01%. Additionally, the mechanism behind the photocatalytic degradation of MB dye by PANI was investigated and discussed. The study highlights the photostability and reproducibility of PANI nanoparticles through recycling experiments, contributing to the development of sustainable photocatalytic materials for efficient water treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

We have developed an efficient approach for the first Ru-catalysed synthesis of 2-arylquinazolin-4(3 H )-ones from 2-nitrobenzonitriles and alcohols. This method features a broad substrate scope, high yields, and functional group tolerance and does not require any oxidant or reductant, allowing for simple, practical and sustainable synthesis.

Many Aeromonas species are infecting striped catfish in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenous vaccines developed by analysing the genetic diversity through DNA fingerprint analysis. A total of 38 Aeromonas strains isolated from 2017 to 2022 were analysed for phenotypic differences using the repetitive element sequence PCR (rep-PCR) with the (GTG) 5 single-primer. The vaccines were water-in-oil emulsion whole-cell inactivated with two monovalent vaccines containing antigens of Aeromonas VH31 (VC-VH31), or Aeromonas VH74 (VC-VH74) and a bivalent vaccine with both Aeromonas VH31 and VH74 (VC-VH31/74). The experiment lasted for 60 days in water at 28 °C and was performed in triplicates. Blood samples were taken at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 day post vaccination (dpv) to collect the serum. The challenge infection was performed as a co-infection immersion challenge of two homologous strains of Aeromonas VH31 and Aeromonas VH74 at dose LD 60 value 0,55 × 10 7  cfu/mL and 0,47 × 10 8  cfu/mL, respectively. The highest relative percent of survival (RPS) of the VC-VH31/74 bivalent vaccine was 100 % and the fish displayed no clinical signs of disease. At 30 dpv, the concentration of total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes was highest in the group receiving the dual vaccine. Additionally, the results showed that the difference between the vaccines was significant when ELISA analysis of IgM-specific antibodies in serum, and the result was highest in VC-VH31/74 bivalent vaccine after 30 days (p < 0.05) and remained stable until 60 dpv. The vaccine showed good immunogenicity and high protective efficacy against Aeromonas spp. in catfish. Thereby demonstrating the potential of Aeromonas autogenous vaccine use., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: The lack of current Canadian practice guidelines for the management of insomnia poses a challenge for healthcare providers (HCP) in selecting the appropriate treatment options. This study aimed to establish expert consensus recommendations for the management of chronic insomnia in Canada., Composition of the Committee: Sixteen multidisciplinary experts in sleep medicine and insomnia across Canada developed consensus recommendations based on their knowledge of the literature and their practical experience., Methods: The consensus recommendations were developed through a Delphi method. Consensus was reached if at least 75 % of the voting participants "agreed" or "strongly agreed" with the corresponding statements. The quality of supporting evidence was rated using a GRADE rating system., Report: Among 37 recommendations that reached consensus for the management of chronic insomnia, the experts recommend and agree that., Conclusion: These consensus recommendations highlight the need to increase awareness, capacity for, and access to CBT-I; integrate newly approved pharmacotherapy; reduce both self-medication and medications with limited evidence or low risk/benefit ratio., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Alex Desautels reports operating grants: CHIR, AASM, FRQ-S, HSF; research contracts: Eisai and Takeda; advisory boards: Eisai, Paladin Labs and UCB; speaking engagements: Eisai, Jazz Pharma and Paladin Labs. Jeffrey Habert reports Advisory Board/Speaker: Boehringer, Eli- Lilly, Elvium, Takeda, Bausch, Astra-Zeneca, Novartis, Lundbeck, Novo-Nordisk, Janssen, Eisai, HLS, Otsuka, Idorsia Pfizer, Amgen, Abbvie, GSK, Bayer, Valeo; Scientific Committees/Speaker: MDBriefcase, Liv, MedPlan, Master Clinician Alliance, Academy, Bridge, PeerVoice, Seacourses, Thrombosis Canada, Meducom, CHRC, CPD Network, CTC, STA, CCRN, Telus Health, EOCI, AgenceUnik, Humber Hospital, ABPHE, CSEM. Atul Kular reports serving on advisory board/speaker for Elvium, Bausch, Lundbeck, Eisai, Otsuka, Idorsia, Abbvie, Jazz; scientific committees/speaker for ICPDHC CPD Network, CCRN, and Telus Health. Serge Lessard reports Advisory Board/Speaker: AbbVie, Biron, Bausch, Eisai, Elvium, Idorsia, Jazz, Takeda, Lundbeck, Janssen, Otsuka, Sunovi; Scientific Committees/Speaker: MD Briefcase, Liv, MedPlan, CCRN; research grants from: Allergan, Janssen. Michael S.B. Mak reports education grants, consulting and speaking fees with Eisai Inc; education grants and speaking fees with Paladin; education grants, consulting and speaking fees with Jazz Pharmaceuticals; education grants and stocks with ResMed; consulting and speaking fees with Idorsia. Charles M. Morin reports funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Fonds de recherche du Quebec, National Institutes of Health; consulting for Eisai, Idorsia, Haleon; royalties from Mapi Research Trust., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of insomnia and the use of sleep aids among Canadian adults., Methods: Data were derived from a phone interview conducted (April to October 2023) with a stratified, population-based sample of 4037 adults (57.6 % females; mean age 50.6 ± 18.4; range 18-102 years old) living in Canada. Post-stratified survey weights were included in the analysis to ensure the representativity of the adult Canadian population., Results: The prevalence estimate of insomnia disorder was 16.3 % (95 % CI 15.1-17.6), with higher rates in females (risk ratio [RR] 1.24, 95 % CI 1.06-1.45), Indigenous peoples (RR 1.77, 95 % CI 1.27-2.47), and individuals with poorer mental or physical health. Overall, 14.7 % of respondents reported having used prescribed sleep medications in the previous 12 months, 28.7 % used natural products or over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aids, 15.6 % used cannabis-derived products and 9.7 % used alcohol for sleep in the last 12 months. Higher proportions of females used prescribed medication (RR 1.79, 95 % CI 1.31-2.43) and natural products or OTC medication (RR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.16-1.71), while more males used cannabis (RR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.03-1.72) and alcohol (RR 1.67, 95 % CI 1.16-2.33) for sleep. Higher proportions of older adults (≥65 years) were taking prescribed medications, while more young adults (18-35 years) used natural products or OTC medications, cannabis, and alcohol as sleep aids., Conclusions: Insomnia is a highly prevalent condition in Canada and there is widespread and increasing use of various medications and substances to cope with this health issue. These findings highlight the need for public health interventions to promote healthy sleep and for wider dissemination of evidence-based treatments for insomnia, such as cognitive behavioral therapy which is the first-line treatment for insomnia in practice guidelines, to reduce sleep health disparities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Charles M. Morin reports financial support was provided by Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Charles M. Morin reports a relationship with Canadian Institutes of Health Research that includes: funding grants. Charles M. Morin reports a relationship with National Institutes of Health that includes: funding grants. Charles M. Morin reports a relationship with Eisai Inc that includes: funding grants. Charles M. Morin reports a relationship with Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd that includes: funding grants. Charles M. Morin reports a relationship with Lallemand Health Solution that includes: funding grants. Charles M. Morin reports a relationship with Haleon that includes:. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Canadian Institutes of Health Research that includes: funding grants. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada that includes: funding grants. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Weston Family Foundation that includes: funding grants. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Hypersomnia Foundation that includes: board membership and funding grants. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Jazz Pharmaceuticals that includes: consulting or advisory, funding grants, and speaking and lecture fees. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Paladin Labs Inc that includes: funding grants. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Eisai Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Thien Thanh Dang-Vu reports a relationship with Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Rebecca Robillard reports a relationship with Canadian Institutes of Health Research that includes: funding grants. Rebecca Robillard reports a relationship with Veterans Affairs Canada that includes: funding grants. Rebecca Robillard reports a relationship with Boehringer Ingelheim Canada Ltd that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Rebecca Robillard reports a relationship with Canadian Sleep Research Consortium that includes: board membership. Rebecca Robillard reports a relationship with Canadian Sleep Society that includes: board membership. Charles M. Morin has patent with royalties paid to Mapi Research Trust. Co-author reports payment from Wellcome Foundation - Rebecca Robillard. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the oncologic outcomes of biochemical recurrence (BCR) patients who received salvage treatment of lymph node dissection (LND) or radiation therapy (RT) for positron emission tomography (PET)-positive lymph node recurrences following radical prostatectomy (RP)., Methods: Research using the MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was conducted until June 2023. Inclusion criteria were BCR patients that received salvage LND or RT for PET-positive lymph node recurrence following primary RP for prostate cancer. Studies with a follow-up period of less than 12 months were excluded., Results: This study included 2476 patients (995 LND, 1481 RT) from 19 publications. The pooled incidences were 51.1 % and 74.3 % in PSA response, 69.8 % and 26.9 % in PSA progression, 41.5 % and 26.9 % in image progression, 41.5 % and 32.0 % in systemic progression, 0.9 % and 0.5 % in overall mortality, and 6.5 % and 1.3 % in cancer-specific mortality in LND and RT, respectively. Limitations include high heterogeneity., Conclusion: Although heterogeneity is high across all studies, the pooled rates of PSA, image, and systemic progressions are higher in LND than in RT concerning BCR patients with PET-positive lymph nodes. For future trial designs in BCR, assessing the optimal timing of PSMA PET scans, concurrent systemic therapy, and salvage therapy type is imperative., Competing Interests: Declaration of compenting interest The authors declare that they have no known coDmpeting financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd, BASO ~ The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) provides much quicker recovery for men than open prostatectomy. In most centers, discharge is planned the morning after operation. However, after several years, we observed that no routine intervention was required for a majority of men over the first evening. Here, we detail our institution's outcomes for multiport RARP (MP-RARP) with same-day discharge (SDD). Methods: After excluding patients with single-port RARP ( n = 25) and overnight stays ( n = 30), data from 224 patients ( n = 224/279, 88.2%) who underwent MP-RARP from May 2021 to September 2023 were collected. All patients were placed on an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol and were given instructions regarding SDD. Patients were considered as SDD if they were discharged on the day of operation. Data regarding messages and phone calls to health care providers, urology clinic, and emergency department visits were recorded for analysis in the week postoperation. Results: The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) operative time was 142.5 ± 25.2 minutes, with a mean (±SD) console time of 95.1 ± 25.6 minutes. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) estimated blood loss was 50 (50-100) mL, and the mean (±SD) length of hospitalization was 163.2 ± 64.6 minutes. No intraoperative complications occurred in this cohort. The median (IQR) patient-reported pain score at 1 hour after operation was 3.5 (0-7), compared with 2 (0-4) at discharge. Of the 145 (64.7%) patients who reported their postoperative pain management, only 50 (34.4%) endorsed using opioids, and of those, 8 (16%) were known chronic opioid users. In the week after operation, 14 (6.3%) patients had unplanned visits to the health care facility. Additionally, 56 (25%) of patients contacted the clinic regarding the postoperative course during the same time frame. Conclusions: SDD after RARP is predictable and safe. SDD helps reduce the costs associated with inpatient stays without compromising surgical outcomes for patients.

The burgeoning field of bioinformatics has seen a surge in computational tools tailored for omics data analysis driven by the heterogeneous and high-dimensional nature of omics data. In biomedical and plant science research multi-omics data has become pivotal for predictive analytics in the era of big data necessitating sophisticated computational methodologies. This review explores a diverse array of computational approaches which play crucial role in processing, normalizing, integrating, and analyzing omics data. Notable methods such similarity-based methods, network-based approaches, correlation-based methods, Bayesian methods, fusion-based methods and multivariate techniques among others are discussed in detail, each offering unique functionalities to address the complexities of multi-omics data. Furthermore, this review underscores the significance of computational tools in advancing our understanding of data and their transformative impact on research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Sleep loss is associated with reduced health and quality of life, and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Up to 66% of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias experience poor sleep, which can predict or accelerate the progression of cognitive decline. Exercise is a widely accessible intervention for poor sleep that can protect against functional and cognitive decline. No previous systematic reviews have investigated the effectiveness of exercise for sleep in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We systematically reviewed controlled interventional studies of exercise targeting subjectively or objectively (polysomnography/actigraphy) assessed sleep in persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane-Library (n = 6745). Nineteen randomised and one non-randomised controlled interventional trials were included, representing the experiences of 3278 persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Ten had low-risk, nine moderate-risk, and one high-risk of bias. Six studies with subjective and eight with objective sleep outcomes were meta-analysed (random-effects model). We found moderate- to high-quality evidence for the beneficial effects of exercise on self-reported and objectively-measured sleep outcomes in persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, no studies examined key potential moderators of these effects, such as sex, napping or medication use. Our results have important implications for clinical practice. Sleep may be one of the most important modifiable risk factors for a range of health conditions, including cognitive decline and the progression of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Given our findings, clinicians may consider adding exercise as an effective intervention or adjuvant strategy for improving sleep in older persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society.)

Background: Postoperative complications and extended length of stays (LOS) following lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain significant healthcare and economic burdens, especially in developing countries with limited resources. This study evaluated the effectiveness of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in addressing these issues., Methods: This observational study compared two groups of patients, utilizing a prospective arm for ERAS and a retrospective arm for routine care. Outcomes measured included postoperative LOS, complications, re-operations, and re-admissions. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for potential confounders between the two groups., Results: Among 197 NSCLC patients (98 in the ERAS group and 99 in the routine care group), the PSM resulted in 63 patients in each group. After PSM, the ERAS group experienced a significantly shorter postoperative LOS compared to the routine group (median: 4.6 vs. 5.1 days, P=0.01). There were no significant differences in postoperative complication and re-operative rates between the two groups. However, the ERAS group had a significantly lower postoperative 30-day re-admission rate of 1.6%, compared to 14.3% in the routine care group (P=0.02)., Conclusions: In NSCLC patients who underwent lobectomy, ERAS protocols improve postoperative outcomes by reducing LOS and re-admission rates. Therefore, ERAS should be considered a replacement for routine protocols in developing countries to minimize healthcare and economic burdens., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jtd-24-1053/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved.)

Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth has traditionally been used as a vegetable and herbal medicine in certain countries, though its safety remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the plant's ingredients, volatile compounds, antioxidative activities, and toxicity in Drosophila and mice. The results revealed that P. pellucida contains volatile substances that give it a unique flavor, making it suitable for consumption and rich in antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the plant extract were 273.33 ± 4.91 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract and 199.8 ± 0.346 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract, respectively. The remarkable antioxidative properties of the plant extract were demonstrated by nearly doubling the lifespan of Drosophila against oxidative stress. Moreover, the extract did not cause any acute or chronic toxicity in mice after being fed the plant, as indicated by the normal blood parameters and the absence of hepatic shape damage or impaired function. In light of these findings, P. pellucida is deemed safe for consumption and its bioactive ingredients can be extracted to create functional foods and pharmaceuticals.

Background: Headache disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide, especially in young adults. However, no data on the burden of these disorders in Vietnam have been published to date. This study is the first to assess the prevalence of headache disorders among Vietnamese medical students., Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the recommended methodology of the Global Campaign. Data were collected through interviews using the HARDSHIP structured questionnaire, translated into Vietnamese, with diagnostic assessments based on ICHD-3 criteria. Participants were recruited from two medical universities in Vietnam. The 1-year prevalence rates of headache disorders of public health significance (migraine, tension-type headache [TTH], and probable medication-overuse headache [pMOH]) were estimated. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between headache disorders and sociodemographic/anthropometric variables., Results: A total of 1,362 participants (42.7% males and 57.3% females) with a mean age of 21.1 ± 1.6 years were included. The overall 1-year prevalence of any headache was 82.6% [95% CI: 80.5-84.6], with a prevalence of 74.7% [71.0-78.2] among males and 88.5% [86.0-90.6] among females. The 1-year prevalences for specific headache types were as follows: migraine 21.8% [19.6-24.1], TTH 54.0% [51.3-56.7], pMOH 0.4% [0.2-1.0], and other headaches on ≥ 15 days/month 3.7% [2.7-4.8]. The one-day prevalence of any headache was 12.1%. Female gender (adjusted OR = 1.77 [1.32-2.36]; p < 0.001) was independently associated with a higher prevalence of migraine, while older age (aOR = 0.84 [0.77-0.91] per year increase) was associated with a lower prevalence. In contrast, TTH was more common among older participants (aOR = 1.07 [1.005-1.15] per year increase)., Conclusions: This study highlights the high prevalence of headache disorders, particularly migraine and TTH, among medical students in Vietnam. These findings underscore the critical need for public health initiatives to improve early diagnosis and effective management of headache disorders within this population., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics and approvals The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects and their legal guardian(s). The protocol and questionnaire were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam. To protect privacy, any personal information that could be used to identify a specific individual has been removed. Data were collected anonymously and managed in compliance with data protection legislation. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The development of efficient and sustainable chemical processes which use greener reagents and solvents, currently play an important role in current research. Methanol, a cheap and readily available resource from chemical industry, could be activated by transition metal catalysts. This review focuses in covering the recent five-years literature and provides a systematic summary of strategies for methanol activation and the use in organic chemistry. Based on these strategies, many new synthetic methods have been developed for methanol utilization as the C1 building block in methylation, hydromethylation, aminomethylation, formylation reactions, as well as the syntheses of urea derivatives and heterocycles. The achievements, synthetic applications, limitations, some advanced approaches, and future perspectives of the methanol activation methodologies have been described in this review., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Can Tho City Oncology Hospital was established on September 28, 2007, by the People's Committee of Can Tho City. The Can Tho City Oncology Hospital has been in operation for 17 years and has over time become a reliable place for the provision of oncological patient services and treatment for Can Tho citizens and the Mekong Delta area. The Hospital includes approximately 400 patient beds, 9 clinical departments, 5 paraclinical departments (radiology, pathology etc), and 8 functional rooms (customer care epartment, admissions, discharge office, finance and accounting division,). The Radiotherapy Department is a busy and important part of the Hospital and plays an important role in cancer patient treatment. Introducing the current situation, challenges and future plans for the Radiotherapy Department in Can Tho Oncology Hospital, Việt Nam., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Vietnamese people use mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) to treat arthritis and gout. Our previous research shows that mugwort contains flavonoids, and its extract possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no publications have been on the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of mugwort and acute anti-inflammatory activity in vivo., Aim of the Study: The study aimed to verify the antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of mugwort extract in vitro and in vivo, isolate phyto-compounds from potential bioactive fractions, and then evaluate their potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase., Methods: According to established methods, the extract and the active flavonoids were obtained using different chromatographic techniques. DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H 2 O 2 elimination were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The model of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was used to measure the inhibition of NO production. The carrageenan-induced paw oedema model was used to assess acute inflammation in mice. In vitro, xanthine oxidase inhibition assay was applied to investigate the effects of extract/compounds on uric acid production. Chemical structures were identified by spectral analysis., Results: The assessment of the acute inflammatory model in mice revealed that both the 96% ethanol and the 50% ethanol extracts significantly decreased oedema in the mice's feet following carrageenan-induced inflammation. 96% ethanol extract exhibited a better reduction in oedema at the low dose. The analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Additionally, this fraction demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in various assays, such as DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H 2 O 2 removal. Furthermore, it displayed the most potent inhibition of xanthine oxidase, an anti-inflammatory activity. Five phytochemicals were isolated and determined from the active fraction such as luteolin (1), rutin (2), apigenin (3), myricetin (4), and quercetin (5). Except for rutin, the other compounds demonstrated the ability to inhibit effective xanthine oxidase compared to standard (allopurinol). Moreover, quercetin (5) inhibited NO production (IC 50 21.87 μM)., Conclusion: The results indicate that extracts from A. vulgaris effectively suppressed the activity of xanthine oxidase and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially leading to a reduction in the production of uric acid in the body and eliminating ROS. The study identified mugwort extract and bioactive compounds derived from Artemisia vulgaris, specifically luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin, as promising xanthine oxidase inhibitors. These findings suggest that further development of these compounds is warranted. At the same time, the above results also strengthen the use of mugwort to treat gout disease in Vietnam., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background/Objectives : Adipophilin (ADP) is a protein associated with lipid droplets, and its expression is related to poor prognosis in certain cancers. However, its impact on the survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of ADP expression on long-term survival following hepatectomy in patients with CRLM. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 102 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy between 2006 and 2022. ADP expression was examined in resected specimens through immunohistochemical staining using tissue microarrays. Long-term outcomes for ADP-positive (n = 51) and ADP-negative (n = 51) groups were compared with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results : We found significantly decreased 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for ADP-positive patients relative to ADP-negative patients (29.4% versus 52.1%, respectively; p = 0.001 and 43.7% versus 72.2%, respectively; p = 0.003). Moreover, multivariate Cox hazards analysis demonstrated that patients with ADP-positive CRLM had a worse prognosis after hepatectomy than those with ADP-negative CRLM, as reflected by both RFS (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.39-4.36, p = 0.002) and OS (HR: 2.89, 95% CI 1.43-5.85, p = 0.003). Conclusions : ADP expression had a significant prognostic impact on the survival of patients with CRLM following liver resection and may aid in optimal treatment planning.

The abundance of raw materials is a significant advantage that positions sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a promising energy storage solution for the future. However, the low cycle efficiency and poor rate capacity of cathode materials have hindered the commercialization of SIBs, prompting extensive research efforts to address these challenges. Ion doping into the material structure is considered to be an effective, simple, and scalable approach to enhancing the electrical performance of cathode materials. In this work, B and F elemental ions were selectively doped into the structure of sodium-lithium-manganese-cobalt oxide material via the sol-gel method combined with calcination. The effects of B and F ion doping on the properties of the obtained materials exhibited distinct variations, particularly in the electrochemical performance. While the B-doped material (B-NLMC) exhibited a specific capacity of up to 166.5 mAh g -1 at a current density of 10 mA g -1 and maintained 72.1% capacity after 100 cycles, the material simultaneously doped with B and F ions (BF-NLMC) demonstrated lower specific capacity and cycling efficiency compared to B-NLMC. However, the BF-NLMC material exhibited significantly improved rate capability, delivering a specific capacity of up to approximately 80 mAh g -1 at a high current density of 200 mA g -1 . Obviously, this research offers valuable insights into diversifying doping strategies to enhance the electrochemical performance of cathode materials, contributing to the advancement of SIB technology., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)