1,340 results on '"Thao, N."'
Search Results
2. A humanized mouse model for adeno-associated viral gene therapy
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Barzi, Mercedes, Chen, Tong, Gonzalez, Trevor J., Pankowicz, Francis P., Oh, Seh Hoon, Streff, Helen L., Rosales, Alan, Ma, Yunhan, Collias, Sabrina, Woodfield, Sarah E., Diehl, Anna Mae, Vasudevan, Sanjeev A., Galvan, Thao N., Goss, John, Gersbach, Charles A., Bissig-Choisat, Beatrice, Asokan, Aravind, and Bissig, Karl-Dimiter
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- 2024
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3. Development of a Lateral Flow Immunoassay with Silver Enhancement for Detecting Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin
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Tran, N. D. H., Nguyen, U. N. P., Thao, N. P., Le, T. M., Nguyen, H. T. T., and Huynh, K.
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- 2024
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4. $(g-2)_{e,\mu}$ and decays $e_b\to e_a\gamma$ in a $ \mbox{SU}(4)_L \otimes \mbox{U}(1)_X$ model with inverse seesaw neutrinos
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Thao, N. H., Binh, D. T., Hong, T. T., Hue, L. T., and Khoi, D. P.
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
We will show that the 3-4-1 model with heavy right-handed neutrinos can explain the recent experimental data of $(g-2)_{e, \mu}$ anomalies of charged leptons and neutrino oscillations through the inverse seesaw mechanism. In addition, the model can predict large lepton flavor violating decay rates $\mu \to e\gamma$ and $\tau \to \mu\gamma, e\gamma$ up to the recent experimental sensitivities., Comment: Version accepted for publication by PTEP, 31 pages, 8 figures
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- 2023
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5. Trends in HPV‐associated cancer incidence in Texas medically underserved regions
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Thao N. Hoang, Abbey B. Berenson, Yong Shan, Fangjian Guo, Victor Adekanmbi, Christine Hsu, Xiaoying Yu, and Yong‐Fang Kuo
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disparities ,epidemiology ,human papillomavirus ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background While cervical cancer incidence rates (IR) in the United States have dropped in the last 20 years, non‐cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers increased. Many people in Texas (TX) live in medically underserved areas and have higher risk of developing HPV‐associated cancers. Since previous studies of these regions focused on cervical cancer, we included other HPV‐associated cancers in our analysis of IR in East TX and the TX‐Mexico Border compared to other TX regions. Methods Cancer data from 2006 to 2019 were obtained from the TX Cancer Registry. Cases of HPV‐associated cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers and corresponding patient‐level demographic data were included. We calculated IR per 100,000 and drew heat maps to visualize cancer IR by county. To control potential confounders, we added county‐level risk factors: rates for smoking, excessive drinking, obesity, STIs, primary care provider availability and dentist availability, from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps program. We reported IRs by region and time and estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratio (RR) for association of each type of cancer and region. Lastly, we created adjusted models for each cancer by period to see time trends of regional differences. Results Risk of anal, cervical, and oropharyngeal cancer was lower at parts of the Border than in the rest of TX in the adjusted model. We also observed increasing anal and oropharyngeal cancer risk and decreasing cervical and vaginal cancer risk over time. Conclusion Patient sociodemographics, behavioral risk factors, and access to care may contribute to some observed differences in cancer IR across regions. This indicates that targeted prevention efforts towards these regions, especially in low socioeconomic status communities, may benefit future generations.
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- 2024
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6. A novel risk score for predicting prolonged length of stay following pediatric kidney transplant
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DiLeo, Michael J., Miggins, John J., Brewer, Eileen D., Galván, N. Thao N., and Rana, Abbas
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- 2023
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7. A humanized mouse model for adeno-associated viral gene therapy
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Mercedes Barzi, Tong Chen, Trevor J. Gonzalez, Francis P. Pankowicz, Seh Hoon Oh, Helen L. Streff, Alan Rosales, Yunhan Ma, Sabrina Collias, Sarah E. Woodfield, Anna Mae Diehl, Sanjeev A. Vasudevan, Thao N. Galvan, John Goss, Charles A. Gersbach, Beatrice Bissig-Choisat, Aravind Asokan, and Karl-Dimiter Bissig
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Clinical translation of AAV-mediated gene therapy requires preclinical development across different experimental models, often confounded by variable transduction efficiency. Here, we describe a human liver chimeric transgene-free Il2rg −/− /Rag2 −/− /Fah −/− /Aavr −/− (TIRFA) mouse model overcoming this translational roadblock, by combining liver humanization with AAV receptor (AAVR) ablation, rendering murine cells impermissive to AAV transduction. Using human liver chimeric TIRFA mice, we demonstrate increased transduction of clinically used AAV serotypes in primary human hepatocytes compared to humanized mice with wild-type AAVR. Further, we demonstrate AAV transduction in human teratoma-derived primary cells and liver cancer tissue, displaying the versatility of the humanized TIRFA mouse. From a mechanistic perspective, our results support the notion that AAVR functions as both an entry receptor and an intracellular receptor essential for transduction. The TIRFA mouse should allow prediction of AAV gene transfer efficiency and the study of AAV vector biology in a preclinical human setting.
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- 2024
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8. Minimally invasive resection of heart valve papillary fibroelastoma: two case reports and review of the literature
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Thuan Q. Phan, Chuong T. V. Pham, Vinh D. A. Bui, Thang D. Ho, Thao N. Le, Thanh V.T. Nguyen, Dang Nguyen, Minh N. Vuong, and Dinh H. Nguyen
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Papillary fibroelastomas ,Beating heart total thoracoscopy ,Upper hemi-sternotomy ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Anesthesiology ,RD78.3-87.3 - Abstract
Abstract Background Cardiac papillary fibroelastomas are rare, accounting for approximately 10% of all cardiac tumors, with 44% of cases located on the aortic valve and only 15% of cases located on the tricuspid valve. However, the optimal management of papillary fibroelastomas remains varied. Case presentation We present two successful instances of treating heart valve papillary fibroelastomas through minimally invasive surgery. These cases involved heart valve papillary fibroelastomas located in two common sites: the aortic valve on the left heart, which was accessed via an upper hemi-sternotomy, and the tricuspid valve on the right heart, which was accessed via beating heart total thoracoscopy. Conclusion The article consistently demonstrates the effectiveness of a minimally invasive surgical approach in managing heart valve papillary fibroelastomas. This study provides further evidence by presenting two cases of heart valve papillary fibroelastomas - one on the aortic valve and the other on the tricuspid valve - that were successfully treated using this approach, resulting in favorable outcomes.
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- 2023
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9. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Quang Nam Province (Vietnam) from 2020 to 2022—A Study on Serotypes Distribution and Immunology Factors
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Huong T. Pham, Thao N. T. Pham, Nhu H. T. Tran, Quang D. Ha, Duy K. Tran, Nam H. D. Nguyen, Van H. Pham, and Son T. Pham
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Dengue virus ,serotypes ,MLP RT-rPCR ,secondary infection ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the most prevalent and fastest-growing vector-borne disease globally, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe and, in some cases, fatal. Quang Nam province in Vietnam can serve as a model for dengue epidemiological study, as it is an endemic region for DHF with a tropical climate, which significantly constrains the health system. However, there are very few epidemiological and microbiological reports on Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in this region due to the limited availability of advanced surveillance infrastructure. Aims of the study: This study aims to (1) assess the PCR positivity rates among hospitalized patients with clinical Dengue presentation; (2) identify the circulating DENV serotypes; and (3) assess the impact of secondary DENV infections on outbreak severity by detecting the presence of DENV-specific IgG antibodies in the plasma of DENV-infected patients. Materials and methods: Blood samples from patients clinically diagnosed with DHF and admitted to Quang Nam General Hospital (2020–2022) were analyzed. RNA extraction was performed using the NKDNA/RNAprep MAGBEAD kit, followed by Multiplex Reverse Transcription real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (MLP RT-rPCR) for DENV detection and serotype identification. Positive samples were further tested for DENV-specific IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The PCR positivity rate among hospitalized patients was approximately 68% throughout the study period. A significant shift in DENV serotypes was observed, with DENV-2 initially dominant and later giving way to DENV-1. IgG was detected in nearly half of the MPL RT-rPCR-positive samples, indicating secondary DENV infections. Conclusions: Our study highlights persistent dengue prevalence and dynamic shifts in DENV serotypes in Quang Nam province, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic strategies and timely sample collection. The significant serotype shifts and the presence of IgG in hospitalized patients suggest potential severe outcomes from recurrent DENV infections, possibly linked to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect, underscoring the importance of advanced surveillance, vector control, vaccination campaigns, and public education to predict and prevent future DHF epidemics.
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- 2024
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10. Farmer-to-farmer learning: Farmer champion characteristics influence extent of scale out adoption in south-central coastal Vietnam
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Turner, L, Corfield, J, Thao, N TD, McCormack, M, Smith, R, Bonnie, L, Van, N H, and Ba, N X
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- 2021
11. Minimally invasive resection of heart valve papillary fibroelastoma: two case reports and review of the literature
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Phan, Thuan Q., Pham, Chuong T. V., Bui, Vinh D. A., Ho, Thang D., Le, Thao N., Nguyen, Thanh V.T., Nguyen, Dang, Vuong, Minh N., and Nguyen, Dinh H.
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- 2023
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12. A Surgical Collaborative to Empower Medical Student Research
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Spoorthi Kamepalli, BA, Joseph R. Junkin, BS, Syed S. Bakhtiyar, MD, Ashley Montgomery, BA, Michael DiLeo, BSA, Thao N. Galván, MD, MPH, John A. Goss, MD, and Abbas A. Rana, MD, FACS
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Surgery ,RD1-811 - Published
- 2024
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13. Insights into the synthesis strategies of plant-derived cyclotides
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Ho, Thao N. T., Pham, Son H., Nguyen, Linh T. T., Nguyen, Ha T., Nguyen, Luan T., and Dang, Tien T.
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- 2023
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14. Fermion masses and mixings and $g-2$ muon anomaly in a 3-3-1 model with $D_4$ family symmetry
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Hernández, A. E. Cárcamo, Long, H. N., Mora-Urrutia, M. L., Thao, N. H., and Vien, V. V.
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
We propose a predictive model based on the $SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry, which is supplemented by the $D_4$ family symmetry and several auxiliary cyclic symmetries whose spontaneous breaking produces the observed SM fermion mass and mixing pattern. The masses of the light active neutrinos are produced by an inverse seesaw mechanism mediated by three right handed Majorana neutrinos. To the best of our knowledge the model corresponds to the first implementation of the $D_4$ family symmetry in a $SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$ theory with three right handed Majorana neutrinos and inverse seesaw mechanism. Our proposed model successfully accommodates the experimental values of the SM fermion mass and mixing parameters, the muon anomalous magnetic moment as well as the Higgs diphoton decay rate and meson oscillations constraints. The consistency of our model with the muon anomalous magnetic moment requires charged exotic vector like leptons at the TeV scale., Comment: Version accepted for publication in European Physical Journal C
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- 2021
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15. A Surgical Collaborative to Empower Medical Student Research
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Kamepalli, Spoorthi, Junkin, Joseph R., Bakhtiyar, Syed S., Montgomery, Ashley, DiLeo, Michael, Galván, Thao N., Goss, John A., and Rana, Abbas A.
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- 2024
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16. A Semi-Supervised Learning Method for Spiking Neural Networks Based on Pseudo-Labeling.
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Thao N. N. Nguyen, Bharadwaj Veeravalli, and Xuanyao Fong
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- 2023
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17. Hardware Implementation for Spiking Neural Networks on Edge Devices
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Nguyen, Thao N. N., Veeravalli, Bharadwaj, Fong, Xuanyao, Thakkar, Hiren Kumar, editor, Dehury, Chinmaya Kumar, editor, Sahoo, Prasan Kumar, editor, and Veeravalli, Bharadwaj, editor
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- 2023
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18. Quantifying Meibomian Gland Morphology Using Artificial Intelligence
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Wang, Jiayun, Li, Shixuan, Yeh, Thao N, Chakraborty, Rudrasis, Graham, Andrew D, Yu, Stella X, and Lin, Meng C
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Algorithms ,Artificial Intelligence ,Eyelid Diseases ,Humans ,Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ,Meibomian Glands ,Specimen Handling ,Tears ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Ophthalmology & Optometry - Abstract
SignificanceQuantifying meibomian gland morphology from meibography images is used for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of meibomian gland dysfunction in clinics. A novel and automated method is described for quantifying meibomian gland morphology from meibography images.PurposeMeibomian gland morphological abnormality is a common clinical sign of meibomian gland dysfunction, yet there exist no automated methods that provide standard quantifications of morphological features for individual glands. This study introduces an automated artificial intelligence approach to segmenting individual meibomian gland regions in infrared meibography images and analyzing their morphological features.MethodsA total of 1443 meibography images were collected and annotated. The dataset was then divided into development and evaluation sets. The development set was used to train and tune deep learning models for segmenting glands and identifying ghost glands from images, whereas the evaluation set was used to evaluate the performance of the model. The gland segmentations were further used to analyze individual gland features, including gland local contrast, length, width, and tortuosity.ResultsA total of 1039 meibography images (including 486 upper and 553 lower eyelids) were used for training and tuning the deep learning model, whereas the remaining 404 images (including 203 upper and 201 lower eyelids) were used for evaluations. The algorithm on average achieved 63% mean intersection over union in segmenting glands, and 84.4% sensitivity and 71.7% specificity in identifying ghost glands. Morphological features of each gland were also fed to a support vector machine for analyzing their associations with ghost glands. Analysis of model coefficients indicated that low gland local contrast was the primary indicator for ghost glands.ConclusionsThe proposed approach can automatically segment individual meibomian glands in infrared meibography images, identify ghost glands, and quantitatively analyze gland morphological features.
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- 2021
19. Connection Pruning for Deep Spiking Neural Networks with On-Chip Learning
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Nguyen, Thao N. N., Veeravalli, Bharadwaj, and Fong, Xuanyao
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Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Long training time hinders the potential of the deep, large-scale Spiking Neural Network (SNN) with the on-chip learning capability to be realized on the embedded systems hardware. Our work proposes a novel connection pruning approach that can be applied during the on-chip Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP)-based learning to optimize the learning time and the network connectivity of the deep SNN. We applied our approach to a deep SNN with the Time To First Spike (TTFS) coding and has successfully achieved 2.1x speed-up and 64% energy savings in the on-chip learning and reduced the network connectivity by 92.83%, without incurring any accuracy loss. Moreover, the connectivity reduction results in 2.83x speed-up and 78.24% energy savings in the inference. Evaluation of our proposed approach on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform revealed 0.56% power overhead was needed to implement the pruning algorithm., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures This paper has been accepted for publication in the International Conference on Neuromorphic Systems (ICONS) 2021
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- 2020
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20. Diffusion behaviors of sodium atoms within Si–O network in sodium silicate glasses: insights from molecular dynamics simulations
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Thao, N. T., Yen, N. V., and Lien, P. T.
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- 2023
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21. A human liver chimeric mouse model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Bissig-Choisat, Beatrice, Alves-Bezerra, Michele, Zorman, Barry, Ochsner, Scott A, Barzi, Mercedes, Legras, Xavier, Yang, Diane, Borowiak, Malgorzata, Dean, Adam M, York, Robert B, Galvan, N Thao N, Goss, John, Lagor, William R, Moore, David D, Cohen, David E, McKenna, Neil J, Sumazin, Pavel, and Bissig, Karl-Dimiter
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ALP ,alkaline phosphatase ,ALT ,alanine aminotransferase ,AST ,aspartate aminotransferase ,CBPEGs ,cholesterol biosynthesis pathway enzyme genes ,CE ,cholesteryl ester ,CER ,ceramide ,CHHs ,chimeric human hepatocytes ,CMHs ,chimeric mouse hepatocytes ,CT ,confidence transcript ,DAG ,diacylglycerol ,DCER ,dihydroceramide ,DEG ,differentially expressed gene ,FA ,fatty acid ,FAH ,fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase ,FFA ,free fatty acid ,GGT ,gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ,HCC ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,HCER ,hexosylceramide ,HCT ,high confidence transcriptional target ,Human disease modelling ,Humanised mice ,LCER ,lactosylceramide ,LPC ,lysophosphatidylcholine ,LPE ,lysophosphatidylethanolamine ,Lipid metabolism ,MAG ,monoacylglycerol ,MUFA ,monounsaturated fatty acid ,NAFLD ,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ,NASH ,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ,NC ,normal chow ,NTBC ,nitisinone ,Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ,PC ,phosphatidylcholine ,PE ,phosphatidylethanolamine ,PI ,phosphatidylinositol ,PNPLA3 ,patatin-like-phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 ,PUFA ,polyunsaturated free FA ,SM ,sphingomyelin ,SREBP ,sterol regulatory element-binding protein ,Steatosis ,TAG ,triacylglycerol ,TIRF ,transgene-free Il2rg-/-/Rag2-/-/Fah-/- ,WD ,Western-type diet ,hALB ,human albumin ,ALP ,alkaline phosphatase ,ALT ,alanine aminotransferase ,AST ,aspartate aminotransferase ,CBPEGs ,cholesterol biosynthesis pathway enzyme genes ,CE ,cholesteryl ester ,CER ,ceramide ,CHHs ,chimeric human hepatocytes ,CMHs ,chimeric mouse hepatocytes ,CT ,confidence transcript ,DAG ,diacylglycerol ,DCER ,dihydroceramide ,DEG ,differentially expressed gene ,FA ,fatty acid ,FAH ,fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase ,FFA ,free fatty acid ,GGT ,gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ,HCC ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,HCER ,hexosylceramide ,HCT ,high confidence transcriptional target ,LCER ,lactosylceramide ,LPC ,lysophosphatidylcholine ,LPE ,lysophosphatidylethanolamine ,MAG ,monoacylglycerol ,MUFA ,monounsaturated fatty acid ,NAFLD ,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ,NASH ,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ,NC ,normal chow ,NTBC ,nitisinone ,PC ,phosphatidylcholine ,PE ,phosphatidylethanolamine ,PI ,phosphatidylinositol ,PNPLA3 ,patatin-like-phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 ,PUFA ,polyunsaturated free FA ,SM ,sphingomyelin ,SREBP ,sterol regulatory element-binding protein ,TAG ,triacylglycerol ,TIRF ,transgene-free Il2rg-/-/Rag2-/-/Fah-/- ,WD ,Western-type diet ,hALB ,human albumin - Abstract
Background & aimsThe accumulation of neutral lipids within hepatocytes underlies non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects a quarter of the world's population and is associated with hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite insights gained from both human and animal studies, our understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis remains limited. To better study the molecular changes driving the condition we aimed to generate a humanised NAFLD mouse model.MethodsWe generated TIRF (transgene-free Il2rg -/-/Rag2 -/-/Fah -/-) mice, populated their livers with human hepatocytes, and fed them a Western-type diet for 12 weeks.ResultsWithin the same chimeric liver, human hepatocytes developed pronounced steatosis whereas murine hepatocytes remained normal. Unbiased metabolomics and lipidomics revealed signatures of clinical NAFLD. Transcriptomic analyses showed that molecular responses diverged sharply between murine and human hepatocytes, demonstrating stark species differences in liver function. Regulatory network analysis indicated close agreement between our model and clinical NAFLD with respect to transcriptional control of cholesterol biosynthesis.ConclusionsThese NAFLD xenograft mice reveal an unexpected degree of evolutionary divergence in food metabolism and offer a physiologically relevant, experimentally tractable model for studying the pathogenic changes invoked by steatosis.Lay summaryFatty liver disease is an emerging health problem, and as there are no good experimental animal models, our understanding of the condition is poor. We here describe a novel humanised mouse system and compare it with clinical data. The results reveal that the human cells in the mouse liver develop fatty liver disease upon a Western-style fatty diet, whereas the mouse cells appear normal. The molecular signature (expression profiles) of the human cells are distinct from the mouse cells and metabolic analysis of the humanised livers mimic the ones observed in humans with fatty liver. This novel humanised mouse system can be used to study human fatty liver disease.
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- 2021
22. The Multidisciplinary Pediatric Liver Transplant
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Ruan, Wenly, Galvan, Nhu Thao N., Dike, Peace, Koci, Melissa, Faraone, Marielle, Fuller, Kelby, Koomaraie, Sarah, Cerminara, Dana, Fishman, Douglas S., Deray, Kristen Valencia, Munoz, Flor, Schackman, Julie, Leung, Daniel, Akcan-Arikan, Ayse, Virk, Manpreet, Lam, Fong W., Chau, Alex, Desai, Moreshwar S., Hernandez, Jose A., and Goss, John A.
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- 2023
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23. Meibomian Gland Contrast Sensitivity and Specificity in the Diagnosis of Lipid-deficient Dry Eye: A Pilot Study.
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Yeh, Thao N and Lin, Meng C
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Clinical Research ,Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Case-Control Studies ,Contrast Sensitivity ,Dry Eye Syndromes ,Female ,Humans ,Interferometry ,Male ,Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ,Meibomian Glands ,Middle Aged ,Pilot Projects ,Retrospective Studies ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Tears ,Young Adult ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Ophthalmology & Optometry - Abstract
SignificanceLipid deficiency due to meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction is believed to account for the vast majority of patients with dry eye compared with aqueous deficiency. Clinicians commonly evaluate MG length to determine a disease, but our research with isotretinoin users suggests that MG contrast is also an important characteristic to consider.PurposeThis study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of MG contrast for the diagnosis of lipid-deficient dry eye (LDDE).MethodsThis case-control study used demographic data, Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) scores, average tear lipid layer thickness (TLLT), fluorescein tear breakup time (FTBUT), upper eyelid meibography images, and meibum quality and quantity scores for individuals with LDDE (SPEED score ≥10 and TLLT ≤35 interferometric color units) and normal individuals (SPEED ≤2 and TLLT ≥80 interferometric color units).ResultsThirty-one eyes of 22 controls (mean ± SD age, 22.7 ± 5.5 years) and 13 eyes of 12 cases (mean ± SD age, 43.9 ± 17.2 years) were included. Normalized MG contrast was significantly correlated with FTBUT (r = 0.35, P = .02), percent MG atrophy (r = -0.50, P < .001), and SPEED scores (r = -0.49, P < .001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for LDDE diagnosis classifiers MG contrast, MG atrophy, and meibum quantity score had areas under the curve of 0.83, 0.64, and 0.73, respectively. Meibomian gland contrast cutoff at 28.3 intensity units yielded optimal correct classification of subjects (84.1%; sensitivity, 0.69; specificity, 0.90). Cases had shorter FTBUT (P < .001), worse meibum quality (P = .02) and quantity (P = .02) scores, and lower MG contrast (P < .001) compared with controls. Subjects with low MG contrast (≤28.3) had 14.9 higher odds of having LDDE (95% confidence interval, 2.84 to 78.4) compared with subjects with high MG contrast (>28.3).ConclusionsMeibomian gland contrast correlates well with clinical parameters and symptoms, shows good sensitivity and excellent specificity for diagnosing LDDE, and can be a useful diagnostic parameter for monitoring MG changes due to age, disease, or intervention.
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- 2021
24. Surgical Management and Outcomes of Patients with Multifocal Hepatoblastoma
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Whitlock, Richard S., Portuondo, Jorge I., Espinoza, Andres F., Ortega, Rachel, Galván, N. Thao N., Leung, Daniel H., Lopez-Terrada, Dolores, Masand, Prakash, Nguyen, HaiThuy N., Patel, Kalyani A., Goss, John A., Heczey, Andras M., and Vasudevan, Sanjeev A.
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- 2023
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25. A Deep Learning Approach for Meibomian Gland Atrophy Evaluation in Meibography Images
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Wang, Jiayun, Yeh, Thao N, Chakraborty, Rudrasis, Yu, Stella X, and Lin, Meng C
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meibography ,meibomian gland dysfunction ,atrophy ,medical image segmentation ,deep learning ,Biomedical Engineering ,Opthalmology and Optometry - Abstract
PurposeTo develop a deep learning approach to digitally segmenting meibomian gland atrophy area and computing percent atrophy in meibography images.MethodsA total of 706 meibography images with corresponding meiboscores were collected and annotated for each one with eyelid and atrophy regions. The dataset was then divided into the development and evaluation sets. The development set was used to train and tune the deep learning model, while the evaluation set was used to evaluate the performance of the model.ResultsFour hundred ninety-seven meibography images were used for training and tuning the deep learning model while the remaining 209 images were used for evaluations. The algorithm achieves 95.6% meiboscore grading accuracy on average, largely outperforming the lead clinical investigator (LCI) by 16.0% and the clinical team by 40.6%. Our algorithm also achieves 97.6% and 95.4% accuracy for eyelid and atrophy segmentations, respectively, as well as 95.5% and 66.7% mean intersection over union accuracies (mean IU), respectively. The average root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the percent atrophy prediction is 6.7%.ConclusionsThe proposed deep learning approach can automatically segment the total eyelid and meibomian gland atrophy regions, as well as compute percent atrophy with high accuracy and consistency. This provides quantitative information of the gland atrophy severity based on meibography images.Translational relevanceBased on deep neural networks, the study presents an accurate and consistent gland atrophy evaluation method for meibography images, and may contribute to improved understanding of meibomian gland dysfunction.
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- 2019
26. Poverty, dietary intake, intestinal parasites, and nutritional status among school-age children in the rural Philippines
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Ross, Allen G, Papier, Keren, Luceres-Catubig, Ruby, Chau, Thao N, Inobaya, Marianette T, and Ng, Shu-Kay
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- 2017
27. COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy and Immunogenicity in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients
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Moreno, Nicolas F., McAdams, Robert, Goss, John A., and Galvan, N. Thao. N.
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- 2022
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28. An FPGA-Based Co-Processor for Spiking Neural Networks with On-Chip STDP-Based Learning.
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Thao N. N. Nguyen, Bharadwaj Veeravalli, and Xuanyao Fong
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- 2022
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29. MP63-01 THE IMPACT OF IRRIGATION FLUID TEMPERATURE ON SUPERPULSE THULIUM FIBER LASER STONE ABLATION
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Cumpanas, Andrei Dragos, primary, Katta, Nitesh, additional, Wu, Yi Xi, additional, Gorgen, Antonio R. H., additional, Tsai, Jacob C., additional, Vu, Thao N., additional, Hernandez, Mariah C., additional, Vo, Kelvin, additional, Villaroel, Jaime Altamirano, additional, Gao, Bruce, additional, Tano, Zachary E., additional, Jiang, Pengbo, additional, Patel, Roshan M., additional, Milner, Thomas, additional, Landman, Jaime, additional, and Clayman, Ralph V., additional
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- 2024
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30. Genombasierte Wege zur Identifikation bioaktiver bakterieller Naturstoffe
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Phan, Thao N., primary, Spies, Julia, additional, Breitebach, Milena, additional, and Helfrich, Eric J. N., additional
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- 2024
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31. MP30-09 PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF URETERAL WALL THICKNESS TO PREDICT SPONTANEOUS STONE PASSAGE
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Cumpanas, Andrei D., primary, Camp, Brandon, additional, Tran, Candices M., additional, Vu, Thao N., additional, Vo, Kelvin, additional, Tsai, Jacob C., additional, Altamirano-Villarroel, Jaime, additional, Saadat, Seyedamirvala, additional, Hanna, Mark, additional, Gao, Bruce, additional, Tano, Zachary E., additional, Jiang, Pengbo, additional, Patel, Roshan M., additional, Landman, Jaime, additional, and Clayman, Ralph V., additional
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- 2024
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32. A Facility for the Study of Atmospheric Parameters Based on the Shack–Hartmann Sensor
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Potanin, S. A., Kornilov, M. V., Savvin, A. D., Safonov, B. S., Ibragimov, M. A., Kopylov, E. A., Nalivkin, M. A., Shmagin, V. E., Huy, L. X., and Thao, N. T.
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- 2022
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33. ALMA observations of the circumstellar envelope around EP Aqr
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Nhung, P. T., Hoai, D. T., Tuan-Anh, P., Bertre, T. Le, Darriulat, P., Diep, P. N., Phuong, N. T., Thao, N. T., and Winters, J. M.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array (ALMA) observations of the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) emissions from the circumstellar envelope of the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star EP Aqr have been made with four times better spatial resolution than previously available. They are analysed with emphasis on the de-projection in space of the effective emissivity and flux of matter using as input a prescribed configuration of the velocity field, assumed to be radial. The data are found to display an intrinsic axi-symmetry with respect to an axis making a small angle with the line of sight. A broad range of wind configurations, from prolate (bipolar) to oblate (equatorial) has been studied and found to be accompanied by significant equatorial emission. Qualitatively, the effective emissivity is enhanced near the equator to produce the central narrow component observed in the Doppler velocity spectra and its dependence on star latitude generally follows that of the wind velocity with the exception of an omni-present depression near the poles. In particular, large equatorial expansion velocities produce a flared disc or a ring of effective emissivity and mass loss. The effect on the determination of the orientation of the star axis of radial velocity gradients and possibly competing rotation and expansion in the equatorial disc is discussed. In general, the flux of matter is found to reach a broad maximum at distances of the order of 500 au from the star. Arguments are given that may be used to prefer one wind velocity distribution to another. As a result of the improved quality of the data, a deeper understanding of the constraints imposed on morphology and kinematics has been obtained., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in RAA
- Published
- 2018
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34. Higgs and gauge boson phenomenology of the 3-3-1 model with CKS mechanism
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Long, H. N., Hop, N. V., Hue, L. T., Thao, N. H., and Hernández, A. E. Cárcamo
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
We perform a comprehensive analysis of several phenomenological aspects of the renormalizable extension of the inert 3-3-1 model with sequentially loop-generated SM fermion mass hierarchy. Special attention is paid to the study of the constraints arising from the experimental data on the $\rho$ parameter, as well as those ones resulting from the charged lepton flavor violating process $\mu\to e\gamma$ and dark matter. We also study the single $Z'$ production via Drell-Yan mechanism at the LHC. We have found that $Z'$ gauge bosons heavier than about $4$ TeV comply with the experimental constraints on the oblique $\rho$ parameter as well as with the collider constraints. In addition, we have found that the constraint on the charged lepton flavor violating decay $\mu\rightarrow e\gamma$ sets the sterile neutrino masses to be lighter than about $1.12$ TeV. In addition the model allows charged lepton flavor violating processes within reach of the forthcoming experiments. The scalar potential and the gauge sector of the model are analyzed and discussed in detail. Our model successfully accommodates the observed Dark matter relic density., Comment: Version accepted for publication in PRD
- Published
- 2018
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35. Multi-period structure of electro-weak phase transition in the 3-3-1-1 model
- Author
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Phong, Vo Quoc, Tuong, N. T., Thao, N. C., and Long, H. N.
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
The electroweak phase transition (EWPT) is considered in the framework of 3-3-1-1 model for Dark Matter. The phase structure within three or two periods is approximated for the theory with many vacuum expectation values (VEVs) at TeV and Electroweak scales. In the mentioned model, there are two pictures. The first picture containing two periods of EWPT, has a transition $SU(3) \rightarrow SU(2)$ at 6 TeV scale and another is $SU(2) \rightarrow U(1)$ transition which is the like-standard model EWPT. The second picture is an EWPT structure containing three periods, in which two first periods are similar to those of the first picture and another one is the symmetry breaking process of $U(1)_N$ subgroup. Our study leads to the conclusion that EWPTs are the first order phase transitions when new bosons are triggers and their masses are within range of some TeVs. Especially, in two pictures, the maximum strength of the $SU(2) \rightarrow U(1)$ phase transition is equal to 2.12 so this EWPT is not strong. Moreover, neutral fermions, which are candidates for Dark Matter and obey the Fermi-Dirac distribution, can be a negative trigger for EWPT. However, they do not make lose the first-order EWPT at TeV scale. Furthermore, in order to be the strong first-order EWPT at TeV scale, the symmetry breaking processes must produce more bosons than fermions or the mass of bosons must be much larger than that of fermions., Comment: 32 pages, 6 figures, PRD Journal version
- Published
- 2018
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36. Morphology of the $^{13}$CO(3-2) millimeter emission across the gas disc surrounding the triple protostar GG Tau A using ALMA observations
- Author
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Phuong, N. T., Diep, P. N., Dutrey, A., Chapillon, E., Darriulat, P., Guilloteau, S., Hoai, D. T., Nhung, P. T., Tang, Y. -W., Thao, N. T., and Tuan-Anh, P.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Observations by the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array of the dust continuum and $^{13}$CO(3-2) millimeter emissions of the triple stellar system GG Tau A are analysed, giving evidence for a rotating gas disc and a concentric and coplanar dust ring. The present work complements an earlier analysis (Tang et al. 2016) by exploring detailed properties of the gas disc. A 95% confidence level upper limit of 0.24 arcsec (34 au) is placed on the disc scale height at a distance of 1 arcsec (140 au) from the central stars. Evidence for Keplerian rotation of the gas disc is presented, the rotation velocity reaching ~3.1 kms$^{-1}$ at 1 arcsec from the central stars, and a 99% confidence level upper limit of 9% is placed on a possible in-fall velocity relative contribution. Variations of the intensity across the disc area are studied in detail and confirm the presence of a hot spot in the south-eastern quadrant. However several other significant intensity variations, in particular a depression in the northern direction, are also revealed. Variations of the intensity are found to be positively correlated to variations of the line width. Possible contributions to the measured line width are reviewed, suggesting an increase of the disc temperature and opacity with decreasing distance from the stars., Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables and 7 references, accepted for publication in RAA
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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37. Hardware Implementation for Spiking Neural Networks on Edge Devices
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Nguyen, Thao N. N., primary, Veeravalli, Bharadwaj, additional, and Fong, Xuanyao, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Repeatability of Meibomian Gland Contrast, a Potential Indicator of Meibomian Gland Function
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Yeh, Thao N and Lin, Meng C
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Ophthalmology and Optometry ,Adult ,Diagnostic Techniques ,Ophthalmological ,Dry Eye Syndromes ,Eyelid Diseases ,Female ,Humans ,Infrared Rays ,Male ,Meibomian Glands ,Optical Imaging ,Photography ,Reproducibility of Results ,Young Adult ,tear lipid layer ,meibomian gland ,tear film stability ,meibomian gland expressibility ,meibography ,evaporative dry eye ,meibomian gland dysfunction ,meibomian gland contrast ,isotretinoin ,13-cis-retinoic acid ,accutane ,contrast ,meibomian gland intensity ,intensity ,dry eye ,dry eye disease ,repeatability ,limits of agreement ,Clinical Sciences ,Opthalmology and Optometry ,Ophthalmology & Optometry ,Ophthalmology and optometry - Abstract
PurposeMeibomian gland contrast may be a potential indicator of gland health, especially among isotretinoin users. We aimed to develop a repeatable and reliable method for measuring Meibomian gland contrast from meibography images.MethodsLower lid (LL) and upper lid (UL) meibography were captured with the OCULUS Keratograph 5M (OCULUS, Inc) at 2 visits under the following 4 conditions: face centered with room lights on (C), left-turned face (L), right-turned face (R), and face centered with room lights off (CLO). Contrast was measured with Fiji (v2.0.0-rc-59). Coefficient of repeatability and limits of agreement (LOA) were determined using Bland-Altman plots.ResultsA total of 512 meibography images from 16 subjects (age ± SD = 24.8 ± 5.2 years; 13 female patients) were collected. Coefficient of repeatability between visits was 10.5 for UL and 14.9 for LL. Lower and upper LOA, respectively, for UL, compared with condition C, were -10.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), -13.5 to -8.3] and 6.2 (95% CI, 3.6-8.8) for L; -11.0 (95% CI, -13.8 to -8.1) and 7.0 (95% CI, 4.2-9.8) for R; and -9.0 (95% CI, -11.6 to -6.5) and 7.2 (95% CI, 4.7-9.8) for CLO. Lower and upper LOA, respectively, for LL, compared with condition C, were -18.1 (95% CI, -22.6 to -13.5) and 11.0 (95% CI, 6.5-15.5) for L; -15.3 (95% CI, -19.2 to -11.3) and 9.9 (95% CI, 6.0-13.9) for R; and -12.0 (95% CI, -15.1 to -8.8) and 8.2 (95% CI, 5.0-11.3) for CLO.ConclusionsMeibomian gland contrast is a repeatable and reliable measure for changes in Meibomian gland contrast greater than 11 in the UL and 18 in the LL.
- Published
- 2019
39. The economical 3-3-1 model revisited
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Dong, P. V., Phong, D. Q., Soa, D. V., and Thao, N. C.
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
We show that the economical 3-3-1 model poses a very high new physics scale of the order of 1000~TeV due to the constraint on the flavor-changing neutral current. The implications of the model for neutrino masses, inflation, leptogenesis, and superheavy dark matter are newly recognized. Alternatively, we modify the model by rearranging the third quark generation differently from the first two quark generations, as well as changing the scalar sector. The resultant model now predicts a consistent new physics at TeV scale unlike the previous case and may be fully probed at the current colliders. Particularly, due to the minimal particle contents, the models under consideration manifestly accommodate dark matter candidates and neutrino masses, with novel and distinct production mechanisms. The large flavor-changing neutral currents that come from the ordinary and exotic quark mixings can be avoided due to the approximate $B-L$ symmetry., Comment: 21 pages; english writing improved, dark matter stability stated, and references added; matches journal version
- Published
- 2017
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40. Lepton flavor violating Higgs boson decays in seesaw models: new discussions
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Thao, N. H., Hue, L. T., Hung, H. T., and Xuan, N. T.
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
The lepton flavor violating decay of the Standard Model-like Higgs boson (LFVHD), h->\mu\tau, is discussed in seesaw models at the one-loop level. Based on particular analytic expressions of Passarino-Veltman functions, the two unitary and 't Hooft Feynman gauges are used to compute the branching ratio of LFVHD and compare with results reported recently. In the minimal seesaw (MSS) model, the branching ratio was investigated in the whole valid range 10^{-9}-10^{15} GeV of new neutrino mass scale m_{n_6}. Using the Casas-Ibarra parameterization, this branching ratio enhances with large and increasing m_{n_6}. But the maximal value can reach only order of 10^{-11}. Interesting relations of LFVHD predicted by the MSS and inverse seesaw (ISS) model are discussed. The ratio between two LFVHD branching ratios predicted by the ISS and MSS is simply m^2_{n_6}\mu^{-2}_X, where \mu_X is the small neutrino mass scale in the ISS. The consistence between different calculations is shown precisely from analytical approach., Comment: 4 figures, 26 pages, some analytic formulas and statements are corrected. Main results are unchanged. New references added. Version published in NPB
- Published
- 2017
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41. High resolution ALMA observation of the $^{12}$CO(3-2) and 350 GHz continuum emissions of the debris disc of 49 Ceti
- Author
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Nhung, P. T., Hoai, D. T., Tuan-Anh, P., Diep, P. N., Phuong, N. T., Thao, N. T., and Darriulat, P.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present high resolution ALMA observations of the CO(3-2) and 350 GHz continuum emissions of the debris disc of 49 Ceti, known to be particularly rich in molecular gas in spite of its age. The main new results are: i) both CO and dust discs share a same position angle and a same inclination but the gas disc is more homogeneous, more central and thinner than the dust disc; ii) evidence is obtained for a significant deficit of observed CO(3-2) emission at Doppler velocities differing from the star systemic velocity by less than 1 \kms; iii) gas velocities are accurately measured and found Keplerian over a broad range of disc radii; iv) the observed CO(3-2) line width is dominated by Keplerian shear and upper limits are obtained to the intrinsic line width. Simple phenomenological models of both CO(3-2) and \mbox{350 GHz} continuum emissions are presented, requiring the use of only very few parameters. The results are discussed in the frame of currently favoured models., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
- Published
- 2017
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42. Trends in HPV‐associated cancer incidence in Texas medically underserved regions.
- Author
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Hoang, Thao N., Berenson, Abbey B., Shan, Yong, Guo, Fangjian, Adekanmbi, Victor, Hsu, Christine, Yu, Xiaoying, and Kuo, Yong‐Fang
- Subjects
- *
MEDICALLY underserved areas , *HUMAN papillomavirus , *OROPHARYNGEAL cancer , *VAGINAL cancer , *CERVICAL cancer , *VULVAR cancer - Abstract
Background: While cervical cancer incidence rates (IR) in the United States have dropped in the last 20 years, non‐cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers increased. Many people in Texas (TX) live in medically underserved areas and have higher risk of developing HPV‐associated cancers. Since previous studies of these regions focused on cervical cancer, we included other HPV‐associated cancers in our analysis of IR in East TX and the TX‐Mexico Border compared to other TX regions. Methods: Cancer data from 2006 to 2019 were obtained from the TX Cancer Registry. Cases of HPV‐associated cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers and corresponding patient‐level demographic data were included. We calculated IR per 100,000 and drew heat maps to visualize cancer IR by county. To control potential confounders, we added county‐level risk factors: rates for smoking, excessive drinking, obesity, STIs, primary care provider availability and dentist availability, from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps program. We reported IRs by region and time and estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratio (RR) for association of each type of cancer and region. Lastly, we created adjusted models for each cancer by period to see time trends of regional differences. Results: Risk of anal, cervical, and oropharyngeal cancer was lower at parts of the Border than in the rest of TX in the adjusted model. We also observed increasing anal and oropharyngeal cancer risk and decreasing cervical and vaginal cancer risk over time. Conclusion: Patient sociodemographics, behavioral risk factors, and access to care may contribute to some observed differences in cancer IR across regions. This indicates that targeted prevention efforts towards these regions, especially in low socioeconomic status communities, may benefit future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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43. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Quang Nam Province (Vietnam) from 2020 to 2022—A Study on Serotypes Distribution and Immunology Factors.
- Author
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Pham, Huong T., Pham, Thao N. T., Tran, Nhu H. T., Ha, Quang D., Tran, Duy K., Nguyen, Nam H. D., Pham, Van H., and Pham, Son T.
- Subjects
- *
REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *DENGUE viruses , *VECTOR-borne diseases , *DENGUE hemorrhagic fever ,TROPICAL climate - Abstract
Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the most prevalent and fastest-growing vector-borne disease globally, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe and, in some cases, fatal. Quang Nam province in Vietnam can serve as a model for dengue epidemiological study, as it is an endemic region for DHF with a tropical climate, which significantly constrains the health system. However, there are very few epidemiological and microbiological reports on Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in this region due to the limited availability of advanced surveillance infrastructure. Aims of the study: This study aims to (1) assess the PCR positivity rates among hospitalized patients with clinical Dengue presentation; (2) identify the circulating DENV serotypes; and (3) assess the impact of secondary DENV infections on outbreak severity by detecting the presence of DENV-specific IgG antibodies in the plasma of DENV-infected patients. Materials and methods: Blood samples from patients clinically diagnosed with DHF and admitted to Quang Nam General Hospital (2020–2022) were analyzed. RNA extraction was performed using the NKDNA/RNAprep MAGBEAD kit, followed by Multiplex Reverse Transcription real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (MLP RT-rPCR) for DENV detection and serotype identification. Positive samples were further tested for DENV-specific IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The PCR positivity rate among hospitalized patients was approximately 68% throughout the study period. A significant shift in DENV serotypes was observed, with DENV-2 initially dominant and later giving way to DENV-1. IgG was detected in nearly half of the MPL RT-rPCR-positive samples, indicating secondary DENV infections. Conclusions: Our study highlights persistent dengue prevalence and dynamic shifts in DENV serotypes in Quang Nam province, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic strategies and timely sample collection. The significant serotype shifts and the presence of IgG in hospitalized patients suggest potential severe outcomes from recurrent DENV infections, possibly linked to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect, underscoring the importance of advanced surveillance, vector control, vaccination campaigns, and public education to predict and prevent future DHF epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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44. Connection Pruning for Deep Spiking Neural Networks with On-Chip Learning.
- Author
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Thao N. N. Nguyen, Bharadwaj Veeravalli, and Xuanyao Fong
- Published
- 2021
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45. The Relationship of Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy to Ocular Surface Signs and Symptoms
- Author
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Li, Wing, Yeh, Thao N, Leung, Tiana, Yuen, Tiffany, Lerma, Mariel, and Lin, Meng C
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Ophthalmology and Optometry ,Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Blinking ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Dry Eye Syndromes ,Epithelial Cells ,Eyelid Diseases ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Prevalence ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Tears ,Young Adult ,lid wiper epitheliopathy ,dry eye ,ocular surface ,soft contact lens ,ethnicity ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Ophthalmology & Optometry ,Ophthalmology and optometry - Abstract
Purpose:There has been interest in determining whether lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) plays a key role in causing ocular discomfort. Conflicting reports have made it difficult to discern whether LWE is more prevalent in certain populations, what characteristics are associated with its severity, and what its role is in symptomology. This cross-sectional study on a large and diverse population attempts to answer these questions. Methods:Subjects were asked to complete questionnaires related to dry eye and to ocular discomfort. A comprehensive set of ocular surface parameters were assessed, including LWE length and width, tear-film lipid layer thickness, fluorescein tear breakup time (FTBUT), lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), and corneal staining. Results:A total of 287 subjects participated in the study. LWE was observed in 45% of the study cohort and was twice as prevalent in Asians than non-Asians (P < 0.005). LWE was more likely to present in contact lens wearers than non-contact lens wearers (P = 0.03). Decreased FTBUT was associated with increased LWE length and width (P < 0.005 and P = 0.01, respectively), although only a small effect size was noted. Presence of LIPCOF was linked with a 0.25-grade increase in LWE width (P = 0.01). Only LWE width was associated with greater symptoms in contact lens wearers. Conclusions:LWE was associated with decreased tear-film stability, contact lens wear, lid anatomy, and LIPCOF. LWE was not associated with symptoms in non-contact lens wearers. LWE width was associated with greater symptoms in contact lens wearers but was only clinically significant with moderate to severe LWE width.
- Published
- 2018
46. Blocking cholesterol storage to treat Alzheimer’s disease
- Author
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Ta Yuan Chang, Catherine C. Y. Chang, Taylor C. Harned, Adrianna L. De La Torre, Junghoon Lee, Thao N. Huynh, and James G. Gow
- Subjects
alzheimer’s disease ,cholesterol acyltransferase ,cholesterol ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Cholesterol serves as an essential lipid molecule in various membrane organelles of mammalian cells. The metabolites of cholesterol also play important functions. Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), also named as sterol O-acyltransferase 1, is a membrane-bound enzyme residing at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters (CEs) for storage, and is expressed in all cells. CEs cannot partition in membranes; they can only coalesce as cytosolic lipid droplets. Excess CEs are found in the vulnerable region of the brains of patients with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and in cell and mouse models for AD. Reducing CE contents by genetic inactivation of ACAT1, or by pharmacological inhibition of ACAT is shown to reduce amyloidopathy and other hallmarks for AD. To account for the various beneficial actions of the ACAT1 blockade (A1B), a working hypothesis is proposed here: the increase in CE contents observed in the AD brain is caused by damages of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts that are known to occur in neurons affected by AD. These damages cause cholesterol to release from lipid rafts and move to the ER where it will be converted to CEs by ACAT1. In addition, the increase in CE contents may also be caused by overloading with cholesterol-rich substances, or through activation of ACAT1 gene expression by various pro-inflammatory agents. Both scenarios may occur in microglia of the chronically inflamed brain. A1B ameliorates AD by diverting the cholesterol pool destined for CE biosynthesis such that it can be utilized more efficiently to repair membrane damage in various organelles, and to exert regulatory actions more effectively to defend against AD. To test the validity of the A1B hypothesis in cell culture and in vivo, the current status of various anti-ACAT1 agents that could be further developed is briefly discussed.
- Published
- 2021
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47. Rigidity of loop 1 contributes to equipotency of globular and ribbon isomers of α-conotoxin AusIA
- Author
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Thao N. T. Ho, Nikita Abraham, and Richard J. Lewis
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract α-Conotoxins are small disulfide-rich peptides targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) characterised by a CICII-Xm-CIII-Xn-CIV framework that invariably adopt the native globular conformations which is typically most potent. α-Conotoxins are divided into several structural subgroups based on the number of residues within the two loops braced by the disulfide bonds (m/n), with the 4/7 and 4/3 subgroups dominating. AusIA is a relatively rare α5/5-conotoxin isolated from the venom of Conus australis. Surprisingly, the ribbon isomer displayed equipotency to the wild-type globular AusIA at human α7-containing nAChR. To understand the molecular basis for equipotency, we determined the co-crystal structures of both isomers at Lymnea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein. The additional residue in the first loop of AusIA was found to be a critical determinant of equipotency, with 11-fold and 86-fold shifts in potency in favour of globular AusIA over ribbon AusIA observed following deletion of Ala4 or Arg5, respectively. This divergence in the potency between globular AusIA and ribbon AusIA was further enhanced upon truncation of the non-conserved Val at the C-termini. Conversely, equipotency could be replicated in LsIA and TxIA [A10L] following insertion of an Ala in the first loop. These findings provide a new understanding of the role the first loop in ribbon and globular α-conotoxins can play in directing α-conotoxin nAChR pharmacology.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fermion masses and mixings and g-2D4 muon anomaly in a 3-3-1 model with g-2D4 family symmetry
- Author
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Hernández, A. E. Cárcamo, Long, Hoang Ngoc, Mora-Urrutia, M. L., Thao, N. H., and Vien, V. V.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Pushing boundaries: mechanisms enabling bacterial pathogens to spread between cells
- Author
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Raab, Julie E., primary, Hamilton, Desmond J., additional, Harju, Tucker B., additional, Huynh, Thao N., additional, and Russo, Brian C., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Vimentin regulates mitochondrial ROS production and inflammatory responses of neutrophils
- Author
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Huynh, Thao N, primary, Toperzer, Jody, additional, Scherer, Allison, additional, Gumina, Anne, additional, Brunetti, Tonya, additional, Mansour, Michael K, additional, Markovitz, David M, additional, and Russo, Brian C, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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