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Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic untrasound is the major technique for diagnosis of GI disease and treatment. Various sedation and analgesia regimens such as midazolam, fentanyl, and propofol can be used during GI endoscopy. The purpose of the study was to compare propofol alone and propofol combine with midazolam or fentanyl in moderate sedation for GI endoscopy. Objectives: To observe the efficiency comparison between propofol alone and propofol/fentanyl or propofol/midazolam on sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasound. Methods: In a prospective, randomized clinical study, 90 patients were assigned to group 1 (n = 30; 1 mg/kg IV propofol) group 2 (n = 30; 1 mg IV midazolam intravenous followed 1 mg/kg IV propofol) or group 3 (n = 30; 50 μg fentanyl followed 1 mg/kg IV propofol). Each patient was administered 1 mg/kg propofol for induction. All of the patients were administered an additional dose of IV propofol infusion (5 mg/kg/h). This study was performed in Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, between January 2020 - 2021. Total propofol consumption, time to achieve, physician and patient satisfaction scores, and instances of side effects, such as bradycardia and hypotension were recorded. Postprocedural records included recovery time, postoperative adverse events (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, recall, and pain) and satisfaction. Results: The average propofol consumption was 283.8 ± 113 mg in Group 1 and 230 ± 76.3 mg in Group 2 and 231.8 ± 76.3 mg in Group 3 (p < 0.05). The incidence of moving motor or verbal) was lower in Group 3 (p < 0.05). The physician satisfaction was higher significantly in Group 3 (p < 0.05). Total propofol consumption was higher in group 1 significantly. Time to onset of sedation was significantly higher in group 1 The physician satisfaction was higher significantly in Group 3. Overall, the other results were similar in 3 groups. Conclusion: Both propofol/fentanyl and propofol/midazolam combinations provided appropriate hypnosis and analgesia during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, propofol consumption was significantly lower and greater endoscopist satisfaction in group using the propofol/ fentanyl combination. Key words: sedation, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, propofol, fentanyl, midazolam

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is one of common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Disorders of electrolytes are more common in the immediate postnatal period and could affects the outcomes of neonates significantly. Therefore, we conducted this study with specific aims to describe the electrolyte status in asphyxiated neonates and find out several factors associated to electrolyte disorders in asphyxiated neonates. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with 80 asphyxiated neonates admitted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, from April 2021 to August 2022. Results: In asphyxiated neonates, average serum value of sodium, potassium, calcium were 136.6; 4.8 and 1.1 mmol/l, respectively. 62.5% asphyxiated neonates had electrolyte disorders. Hypocalcemia was the most common disorder with 37.5%, followed by hyponatremia (32.5%). Hyperkalemia was accounted for 13.7%. We observed the higher hyponatremia and hyperkalemia in severe asphyxia than in moderate asphyxia. Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes was associated with the increased risk of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia (odd ratio:8.9; 29.3, respectively with p < 0.01). There was the correlation of Apgar score at 5 minutes with sodium and potassium on the asphyxiated neonates (rs = 0.3 and rs = - 0.6, respectively with p < 0.05). Conclusion: Electrolyte disorders are common in asphyxiated neonates. The common types of electrolyte disorders in asphyxiated neonates were hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia. Key words: hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, asphyxiated neonates.

Background: Diabetes is a common disease, with a rapidly increasing trend in Vietnam and worldwide, and is also the leading cause of death, morbidity, and health burden. Therefore, it is important to predict increasing levels of type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and its associated risk factors to improve prevention strategies. The purpose of our study is to predict the risk of T2DM development and explore its associated factors among individuals aged 25 and above in Hue City. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 732 residents, aged 25 and above, living in some wards of Hue City. Results: In Tay Loc ward and Thuan Hoa ward of Hue City, the estimated incidence of T2DM development using the ModAsian FINDRISC scale was 5.18%. According to the ModAsian FINDRISC scale, occupational, history of hypertension, and dyslipidemia were significant factors associated with the risk of developing T2DM in the next ten years. Conclusion: The intervention strategy of addressing associated risk factors would be essential to reducing the risk of T2DM in the community. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, FINDRISC, Hue city.

Background: Candida albicans is a common pathogenic, and the germ tube test is one of the identification techniques for this fungal species. Objectives: 1. To experiment with the germ tube test of C. albicans in various media according to the different testing time. 2. To evaluate capacity ofthe germ tube test in C. albicans identification in various media. Methods: This study was carried out with 36 C. albicans isolates and 10 C. tropicalis isolates stored at the Department of Parasitology. Germ tube test was performed using various media, including human sera, 1% peptone medium, BHI broth, egg white, egg yolk, and fetal bovine serum. These experiments were checked after two hours, three hours, and four hours of incubation. Results: The highest rate of germ tube formation of C.albicans was recognized after 3 hours of incubation. The germ tube rates on human serum, 1% peptone medium, egg white, egg yolk, and fetal bovine serum were 91.67%; 58.33%; 25%; 33.33%; 91.67%; and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the germ tube test on serum and egg yolk medium were 91.67%, 100%, 100%, and 76.92%. Conclusions. The capacity to identify C. albicans of the germ tube test performed on fetal bovine serum, human serum and yolk egg could identify 100%, 91.67%, and 91.67%, respectively. It suggested that egg yolk could be used in diagnostic labs as well as mycology researches and training labs to perform germ tube test production to replace human serum since it is a simple and low cost procedure. Key words: Candida albicans, germ tube, fetal bovine serum, yolk egg

Objective: To assess the level of nursing students’ knowledge and attitude toward dementia, and identify some factors related to this knowledge and attitude toward dementia. Methodology: A descriptive crosssectional design was conducted among 290 nursing students at University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University. Results: Students have relatively low knowledge but have a positive attitude toward dementia. There was a relationship between age, academic year, ethnicity, experience in accessing information about dementia, geriatric nursing education and dementia, caring for older adults, interest in dementia and intention to work in a geriatric hospital with students’ knowledge. Factors related to students’ attitudes include experience in accessing information about dementia, interest in dementia, intention to work in a geriatric hospital, and dementia training needs. Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen training programs in dementia care to improve the knowledge of nursing students about dementia Key words: attitude, dementia, knowledge, nursing students

Background: Sepsis has a high risk of death from septic shock and dysfunction of many organs. Diagnosis and prognosis of patients in the early stage play a very important role, helping to reduce mortality and shorten the hospital stay of patients. Aims: Study some factors for severity and mortality of sepsis adult patients. Subjects and methods: 84 patients over 15 years old were diagnosed with sepsis, treated at the Department of Tropical Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Hue Central Hospital during the period from April 2018 to June 2019. A cross-sectional study. Results: Lactate concentrations within 24 hours of admission had a good severe prognosis value with an AUC of 0.866 (p < 0.001). PCT concentrations within 24 hours of admission had a good prognosis value with an AUC of 0.866 (p < 0.001). Comorbidities, hospital infections, creatinine, PCT, blood lactate, and SOFA and APACHE II scores were factors associated with a severe prognosis in patients sepsis with an OR of 3.33 respectively; 5.39; 1.01; 1.05; 2.52; 4.16, and 1.36. SOFA and APACHE II scores at 24 hours post-admission had AUC of 0.982 and 0.876, respectively. The factors related to mortality are comorbidities, nosocomial infections and SOFA score at 24 hours after admission with OR 99.07, respectively; 7.66 and 2.02. Conclusion: Comorbidities, nosocomial infections, an increase in serum creatinine levels, an increase in PCT, blood lactate as well as increased SOFA and APACHE II scores are risk factors associated with severe prognosis in sepsis patients. The factors related to mortality are comorbidities, nosocomial infections and SOFA score at 24 hours after admission with OR 99.07, respectively; 7.66 and 2.02. Key words: Sepsis, prognostic factor.

Each literary genre is a way of organizing works, a type of life representation, and a particular type of artistic communication. One of the ways to approach the film script as a literary genre is to recognize its communicative characteristics. The communication model of the movie script is closely associated with and imprinted with the film production process. Drama texts are placed in a hierarchical communication model, with diverse communication roles, where the screenwriter has a special role and fate. The screenplay for a feature film has a dual identity, being both a text - a message - in the first communication activity (between the elements of the film production process), and plays the role of a transmitter in communication activities. second (between the factors that produce the film, the film, and the viewer). It is both encoded and transcoded (encodes the writer's message; transcodes language into code that synthesizes images and sounds). The dramatic text itself, when functioning in that communication activity, has different characteristics from the texts of other literary genres, that is, it is expressive and generative.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic endocrine disease in the world, and it tends to increase rapidly in many countries and is becoming an obstacle to social development. Therefore, early detection of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is important in reducing the burden of complications. Research described the risk for the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and some associated factors of the predictive rate among adults in Thua Thien Hue province. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2258 people living in Thua Thien Hue province. Results: By 2030, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus by the Asian FINDRISC scale among adults aged 25 and over living in Thua Thien Hue province will be increasing 4.24%. Occupation, history of hypertension, history of dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia treatment were significantly associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus in the next 10 years by the Asian FINDRISC scale. Conclusion: A comprehensive intervention strategy for associated factors is the answer in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, FINDRISC, Thua Thien Hue.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship and correlation between central blood pressure and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in the hypertensives. Subjects - Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study compared a control group in 210 study subjects (including 105 hypertensives and 105 normotensives). Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation with moderate level between peripheral systolic blood pressure, central systolic blood pressure, peripheral pulse pressure, central pulse pressure and carotid intima media thickness (r was equal to 0.402, 0.436, 0.368, 0.421 respectively, p< 0.001). Central pulse pressure had a weak ability to delineate in the diagnosis of carotid intima-media damage in the hypertensives, AUC = 0.649, p < 0.05. CIMT (R2: 22,4%) = 0.289 – 0.094*(Gender) + 0.004*(Age) + 0.004*(Central mean blood pressure) + 0.005*(Central pulse pressure). Conclusions: Central blood pressure was correlated with carotid intima media thickness in hypertensive patients. Key words: central blood pressure, pulse pressure, carotid intima media thickness

PurposeThis study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding about employer branding dimensions as well as the dimension's possible links with turnover intentions through the lens of existing hospitality employees.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted based on a sample of 200 hospitality employees in order to examine relationships between employer branding dimensions and turnover intentions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis and hypothesis testing.FindingsThe findings found that economic, social, development and security values had negative impacts on turnover intentions; however, the impact of application and interest values on turnover intentions were not confirmed.Practical implicationsHospitality managers can prioritize actions and strategies that influence their staff's intentions to quit, subsequently reducing employee turnover.Originality/valueGiven the lack of studies on employer branding dimensions from the perspective of current employees, especially the employees’ relationships with employee turnover intentions, this study points out employer branding factors that impact employee turnover intentions in the settings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The findings add to the literature on employer branding and employee turnover management and provide insights for hospitality managers in the context of the New Normal.

The value of Buddhism persists for more than twenty-five centuries and has a strong place in the hearts of the public. Modern Buddhism will continue the achievements that have been achieved when each monastic student cultivates the qualities and competencies to carry out the mission of spreading the Dharma Propagation. The socio-economic changes and the strong development of science, engineering and technology in the current period have brought a new breath of life to the path of religious practice, contributing to overcoming limitations. of traditional propaganda in the direction of one-way message transmission. In addition to acquiring knowledge of Buddhist teachings, scriptures, etc., to fulfill the spread of the Dharma Propagation to meet requirements of the new context, monastic students of Vietnam Buddhist Universities need to be equipped with essential soft skills. Although the meaning and type of soft skills of Buddhist preachers have been studied, the theoretical basis of soft skills education for monastic students in Vietnam Buddhist Universities is still little mentioned. The article focuses on analyzing theoretical issues about soft skills education for monastic students, such as the concept of monastic student, types of soft skills that need to be equipped for monastic students, content and form for soft skills education for monastic students. The analytical results of the article contribute to enriching the scientific basis of soft skills education for monastic students in Vietnam Buddhist Universities.