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1,148 results on '"Thapa S."'

1. Integrating Novel Stellarator Single-Stage Optimization Algorithms to Design the Columbia Stellarator Experiment

Author

Baillod, A., Paul, E. J., Rawlinson, G., Haque, M., Freiberger, S. W., and Thapa, S.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The Columbia Stellarator eXperiment (CSX), currently being designed at Columbia University, aims to test theoretical predictions related to QA plasma behavior, and to pioneer the construction of an optimized stellarator using three-dimensional, non-insulated high-temperature superconducting (NI-HTS) coils. The magnetic configuration is generated by a combination of two circular planar poloidal field (PF) coils and two 3D-shaped interlinked (IL) coils, with the possibility to add windowpane coils to enhance shaping and experimental flexibility. The PF coils and vacuum vessel are repurposed from the former Columbia Non-Neutral Torus (CNT) experiment, while the IL coils will be custom-wound in-house using NI-HTS tapes. To obtain a plasma shape that meets the physics objectives with a limited number of coils, novel single-stage optimization techniques are employed, optimizing both the plasma and coils concurrently, in particular targeting a tight aspect ratio QA plasma and minimized strain on the HTS tape. Despite the increased complexity due to the expanded degrees of freedom, these methods successfully identify optimized plasma geometries that can be realized by coils meeting engineering specifications. This paper discusses the derivation of the constraints and objectives specific to CSX, and describe how two recently developed single-stage optimization methodologies are applied to the design of CSX. A set of selected configurations for CSX is then described in detail., Comment: 36 pages, 12 figures

Published
2024

2. Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – Do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?

Author

Schweiker, M, André, M, Al-Atrash, F, Al-Khatri, H, Alprianti, RR, Alsaad, H, Amin, R, Ampatzi, E, Arsano, AY, Azar, E, Bannazadeh, B, Batagarawa, A, Becker, S, Buonocore, C, Cao, B, Choi, JH, Chun, C, Daanen, H, Damiati, SA, Daniel, L, De Vecchi, R, Dhaka, S, Domínguez-Amarillo, S, Dudkiewicz, E, Edappilly, LP, Fernández-Agüera, J, Folkerts, M, Frijns, A, Gaona, G, Garg, V, Gauthier, S, Jabbari, SG, Harimi, D, Hellwig, RT, Huebner, GM, Jin, Q, Jowkar, M, Kim, J, King, N, Kingma, B, Koerniawan, MD, Kolarik, J, Kumar, S, Kwok, A, Lamberts, R, Laska, M, Lee, MCJ, Lee, Y, Lindermayr, V, Mahaki, M, Marcel-Okafor, U, Marín-Restrepo, L, Marquardsen, A, Martellotta, F, Mathur, J, Mino-Rodriguez, I, Montazami, A, Mou, D, Moujalled, B, Nakajima, M, Ng, E, Okafor, M, Olweny, M, Ouyang, W, Papst de Abreu, AL, Pérez-Fargallo, A, Rajapaksha, I, Ramos, G, Rashid, S, Reinhart, CF, Rivera, MI, Salmanzadeh, M, Schakib-Ekbatan, K, Schiavon, S, Shooshtarian, S, Shukuya, M, Soebarto, V, Suhendri, S, Tahsildoost, M, Tartarini, F, Teli, D, Tewari, P, Thapa, S, Trebilcock, M, Trojan, J, Tukur, RB, Voelker, C, Yam, Y, Yang, L, Zapata-Lancaster, G, Zhai, Y, Zhu, Y, and Zomorodian, ZS

Subjects
Thermal comfort, Thermal sensation, Thermal acceptance, Field study, Scales, Post-Occupancy-Evaluation: Climatic zone, Season, Language, Adaptation, Diversity, Building & Construction, Engineering, Built Environment and Design
Abstract

People's subjective response to any thermal environment is commonly investigated by using rating scales describing the degree of thermal sensation, comfort, and acceptability. Subsequent analyses of results collected in this way rely on the assumption that specific distances between verbal anchors placed on the scale exist and that relationships between verbal anchors from different dimensions that are assessed (e.g. thermal sensation and comfort) do not change. Another inherent assumption is that such scales are independent of the context in which they are used (climate zone, season, etc.). Despite their use worldwide, there is indication that contextual differences influence the way the scales are perceived and therefore question the reliability of the scales’ interpretation. To address this issue, a large international collaborative questionnaire study was conducted in 26 countries, using 21 different languages, which led to a dataset of 8225 questionnaires. Results, analysed by means of robust statistical techniques, revealed that only a subset of the responses are in accordance with the mentioned assumptions. Significant differences appeared between groups of participants in their perception of the scales, both in relation to distances of the anchors and relationships between scales. It was also found that respondents’ interpretations of scales changed with contextual factors, such as climate, season, and language. These findings highlight the need to carefully consider context-dependent factors in interpreting and reporting results from thermal comfort studies or post-occupancy evaluations, as well as to revisit the use of rating scales and the analysis methods used in thermal comfort studies to improve their reliability.

Published
2020

3. First Dark Matter Search Results from the XENON1T Experiment

Author

Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Gardner, R., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Manfredini, A., Mariş, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Piro, M. -C., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Saldanha, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. v., Stein, A., Thapa, S., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Upole, N., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., and Zhu, T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report the first dark matter search results from XENON1T, a $\sim$2000-kg-target-mass dual-phase (liquid-gas) xenon time projection chamber in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy and the first ton-scale detector of this kind. The blinded search used 34.2 live days of data acquired between November 2016 and January 2017. Inside the (1042$\pm$12) kg fiducial mass and in the [5, 40] $\mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ energy range of interest for WIMP dark matter searches, the electronic recoil background was $(1.93 \pm 0.25) \times 10^{-4}$ events/(kg $\times$ day $\times \mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{ee}}$), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector. A profile likelihood analysis shows that the data is consistent with the background-only hypothesis. We derive the most stringent exclusion limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section for WIMP masses above 10 GeV/c${}^2$, with a minimum of 7.7 $\times 10^{-47}$ cm${}^2$ for 35-GeV/c${}^2$ WIMPs at 90% confidence level., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, v2 data upload Fig 2/4, v3 as accepted by PRL with textual clarifications, v4 data upload Fig 1

Published
2017
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4. Generic Medicine and Generic Prescribing in Nepal: An Implication for Policymakers

Author

Shrestha R, Shrestha S, Sapkota B, Thapa S, Ansari M, Khatiwada AP, Roien R, and Ozaki A

Subjects
branded generics, brand medicines, generic medicines, generic prescribing, generic substitution, nepal, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Rajeev Shrestha,1,* Sunil Shrestha,2,3,* Binaya Sapkota,4,* Santosh Thapa,5 Mukhtar Ansari,6 Asmita Priyadarshini Khatiwada,2 Rohullah Roien,7 Akihiko Ozaki8 1Department of Pharmacy, District Hospital Lamjung, Lamjung, Nepal; 2Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Province Bagmati, Nepal; 3Department of Nursing, Nobel College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nobel College, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Province Bagmati, Nepal; 5Jeevee Health, Kathmandu, Nepal; 6Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; 7Medical Research Centre, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan; 8Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rajeev Shrestha; Rohullah Roien Email rajiv2stha@gmail.com; rohullahroien@kateb.edu.afAbstract: Generic medicines are being promoted in many countries for their added benefits over branded drugs, such as reduced price, therapeutic equivalence, and convenience to the patients. However, generic prescribing is still not up to the optimum level in Nepal to assure access to cost-effective, quality medicines to the public and to reduce the overall economic burden and practice-related errors of medications. This review aimed to discuss the current scenario of generic medicine, generic prescribing, hurdles on the one hand, and potentials ways in promoting generic medicine usage and generic prescribing in Nepal on the other. Extensive literature on generic medicine usage and generic prescribing practice in Nepal was reviewed. This review found some of the major challenges to be addressed for the proper implementation of generic medicine prescribing, and utilization. These challenges include lack of facilities and competency to assure therapeutic equivalence of different brand-name medicines, lack of understanding about generic medicines among health care providers (HCPs) and the public, and lack of stringent regulation towards promoting generic medicines. Rational pharmaceutical promotion and awareness about generic medication to the medical students are also inevitable towards promoting the practice of generic medicines. The practice of generic medicine and generic prescribing is not possible without the assurance of therapeutically equivalent generic alternatives. The study recommended the prompt effort of the regulatory authority to enforce the generic prescribing and generic substitution policy through strengthening policies, procedures and laboratory testing to assure citizens’ right to access to cost-effective, and affordable quality medicine, as the Nepal’s National Health and Drug Policy mandated.Keywords: branded generics, brand medicines, generic medicines, generic prescribing, generic substitution, Nepal

Published
2022

6. Probing the semiconductor to semimetal transition in InAs/GaSb double quantum wells by magneto-infrared spectroscopy

Author

Jiang, Y., Thapa, S., Sanders, G. D., Stanton, C. J., Zhang, Q., Kono, J., Lou, W. K., Chang, K., Hawkins, S. D., Klem, J. F., Pan, W., Smirnov, D., and Jiang, Z.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We perform a magneto-infrared spectroscopy study of the semiconductor to semimetal transition of InAs/GaSb double quantum wells from the normal to the inverted state. We show that owing to the low carrier density of our samples (approaching the intrinsic limit), the magneto-absorption spectra evolve from a single cyclotron resonance peak in the normal state to multiple absorption peaks in the inverted state with distinct magnetic field dependence. Using an eight-band Pidgeon-Brown model, we explain all the major absorption peaks observed in our experiment. We demonstrate that the semiconductor to semimetal transition can be realized by manipulating the quantum confinement, the strain, and the magnetic field. Our work paves the way for band engineering of optimal InAs/GaSb structures for realizing novel topological states as well as for device applications in the terahertz regime., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures

Published
2016
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7. Population modifiable risk factors associated with under-5 acute respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea in 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (2014-2021): an analysis of data from demographic and health surveys.

Author

Ahmed, KY, Dadi, AF, Kibret, GD, Bizuayehu, HM, Hassen, TA, Amsalu, E, Ketema, DB, Kassa, ZY, Bore, MG, Alebel, A, Alemu, AA, Shifa, JE, Leshargie, CT, Thapa, S, Omar, SH, Ross, AG, Ahmed, KY, Dadi, AF, Kibret, GD, Bizuayehu, HM, Hassen, TA, Amsalu, E, Ketema, DB, Kassa, ZY, Bore, MG, Alebel, A, Alemu, AA, Shifa, JE, Leshargie, CT, Thapa, S, Omar, SH, and Ross, AG

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Identifying the critical modifiable risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) and diarrhoea is crucial to reduce the burden of disease and mortality among children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and ultimately achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We investigated the modifiable risk factors of ARI and diarrhoea among children under five using nationally representative surveys. METHODS: We used the most recent demographic and health survey (DHS) data (2014-2021) from 25 SSA countries, encompassing a total of 253,167 children. Countries were selected based on the availability of recent datasets (e.g., DHS-VII or DHS-VIII) that represent the current socioeconomic situations. Generalised linear latent mixed models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs). Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated using adjusted ORs and prevalence estimates for key modifiable risk factors among ARI and diarrhoeal cases. FINDINGS: This study involved 253,167 children, with a mean age of 28.7 (±17.3) months, and 50.5% were male. The highest PAFs for ARI were attributed to unclean cooking fuel (PAF = 15.7%; 95% CI: 8.1, 23.1), poor maternal education (PAF = 13.4%; 95% CI: 8.7, 18.5), delayed initiation of breastfeeding (PAF = 12.4%; 95% CI: 9.0, 15.3), and poor toilets (PAF = 8.5%; 95% CI: 4.7, 11.9). These four modifiable risk factors contributed to 41.5% (95% CI: 27.2, 52.9) of ARI cases in SSA. The largest PAFs of diarrhoea were observed for unclean cooking fuel (PAF = 17.3%; 95% CI: 13.5, 22.3), delayed initiation of breastfeeding (PAF = 9.2%; 95% CI: 7.5, 10.5), household poverty (PAF = 7.0%; 95% CI: 5.0, 9.1) and poor maternal education (PAF = 5.6%; 95% CI: 2.9, 8.8). These four modifiable risk factors contributed to 34.0% (95% CI: 26.2, 42.3) of cases of diarrhoea in SSA. INTERPRETATION: This cross-sectional study identified four modifiable risk factors for ARI and diarrhoea that should be a priority for policy

Published
2024

9. Responses of insectivorous bats to climate change in Nepal.

Author

Dahal, D. R., Thapa, S., and Singh, N. B.

Subjects
*CLIMATE change forecasts, *CLIMATE change, *BAT conservation, *BATS, *SPECIES distribution, *NEPAL Earthquake, 2015
Abstract

The order Chiroptera includes 55 species in Nepal, which have been recorded within a wide range of elevation between 64 and 4154 m above sea level. Assessing the potential distribution ranges in present climatic scenarios and forecasting changes in distribution ranges in future climate have been adopted to predict likely adverse impacts on biodiversity and natural ecosystems. However, very few studies have assessed the impact of climate change on bats globally and locally. We assessed the current potential distribution ranges of six representative species of bats occurring in Nepal using species distribution models (SDMs) and predicted their responses in future climatic scenarios. The occurrences of the representative species of bats were projected with six to eight environmental variables under the different climatic scenarios; present, and socioeconomic pathways 4.5 and 8.5 for the years of 2050 and 2070 deploying maximum entropy modeling. We used Arc GIS 10.7.1 to calculate the distribution range, area, and elevation for the bat species. Among 18 uncorrelated bioclimatic variables eight variables significantly contributed to the SDMs. Among the six species, two showed a wider range of current distribution. Under the future climatic scenarios, distribution ranges and latitudinal and elevation shifting were found to be species specific. Future distribution ranges for two species are predicted to be constricted, but no significant changes are predicted for the others. Major parts of the current and future distribution ranges of the bat species lie outside the current protected areas of the country. Landscape level and species‐specific conservation policies are necessary for bat conservation, and future surveys of bats should be targeted in western Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. ULAR ARTICLE Enhancement in the Sensing Efficacy of ZnO-based Ethanol Sensor: Fe-ZnO Film.

Author

Chaudhary, D. K., Joshi, S. K., Thapa, S., Yue, Y., and Zhu, P.

Subjects
CELLULOSIC ethanol, ETHANOL, ZINC oxide, DETECTORS
Abstract

У цьому дослідженні порівнюються характеристики газового зондування плівок ZnO та 5% легованих Fe ZnO (Fe-ZnO), синтезованих методом спінового покриття. Рентгенівський аналіз виявив полікристалічну природу спочатку підготовлених плівок, показавши зменшення розміру кристаліту з 25,69 ± 0,95 нм для ZnO до 19,49 ± 0,72 нм для Fe-ZnO. Крім того, введення Fe в ZnO збільшило заборонену зону, при цьому значення змістилися з 3,190 ± 0,105 еВ для ZnO до 3,244 ± 0,147 еВ для Fe-ZnO і зменшили розміри зерен. Зменшення розмірів зерен сприяло збільшенню газової реакції плівки ZnO. Експерименти з зондуванням парів етанолу, проведені в більш широкому діапазоні температур 100-300oC, показують, що найкраща газова реакція плівки Fe-ZnO при 260 oC становить 17,8 ± 0,4, що майже в 1,5 рази більше, ніж у плівки ZnO при тій же температурі. Крім того, варто зазначити, що тонка плівка FeZnO продемонструвала швидшу реакцію та відновлення порівняно з тонкою плівкою ZnO, з часом відгуку та відновлення 32 ± 2 та 162 ± 3 секунди, відповідно, для впливу етанолу 40 ppm. Ці висновки сприяють глибшому розумінню механізмів зондування газу як у тонких плівках ZnO, так і в Fe-ZnO, які є перспективними для майбутніх розробок у технології газових сенсорів. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Explainable hybrid word representations for sentiment analysis of financial news.

Author

Adhikari, S, Thapa, S, Naseem, U, Lu, HY, Bharathy, G, Prasad, M, Adhikari, S, Thapa, S, Naseem, U, Lu, HY, Bharathy, G, and Prasad, M

Abstract

Due to the increasing interest of people in the stock and financial market, the sentiment analysis of news and texts related to the sector is of utmost importance. This helps the potential investors in deciding what company to invest in and what are their long-term benefits. However, it is challenging to analyze the sentiments of texts related to the financial domain, given the enormous amount of information available. The existing approaches are unable to capture complex attributes of language such as word usage, including semantics and syntax throughout the context, and polysemy in the context. Further, these approaches failed to interpret the models' predictability, which is obscure to humans. Models' interpretability to justify the predictions has remained largely unexplored and has become important to engender users' trust in the predictions by providing insight into the model prediction. Accordingly, in this paper, we present an explainable hybrid word representation that first augments the data to address the class imbalance issue and then integrates three embeddings to involve polysemy in context, semantics, and syntax in a context. We then fed our proposed word representation to a convolutional neural network (CNN) with attention to capture the sentiment. The experimental results show that our model outperforms several baselines of both classic classifiers and combinations of various word embedding models in the sentiment analysis of financial news. The experimental results also show that the proposed model outperforms several baselines of word embeddings and contextual embeddings when they are separately fed to a neural network model. Further, we show the explainability of the proposed method by presenting the visualization results to explain the reason for a prediction in the sentiment analysis of financial news.

Published
2023

32. Contributors

Author

Agrawal, C., primary, Arumugam, M., additional, Bharti, A., additional, Chakdar, H., additional, Chatterjee, A., additional, Contreras-Porcia, L., additional, Fernandes, B., additional, Geada, P., additional, Hongsthong, A., additional, Jantaro, S., additional, Kageyama, H., additional, Kanwal, S., additional, Kroumov, A.D., additional, Kumar, M., additional, Kuzhiumparambil, U., additional, Madamwar, D., additional, Miller, C.D., additional, Modenes, A.N., additional, Najdenski, H., additional, Nakamoto, H., additional, Pabbi, S., additional, Pandey, A., additional, Prasanna, R., additional, Rahman, A., additional, Rai, R., additional, Rai, L.C., additional, Rajesh, K., additional, Ralph, P.J., additional, Rastogi, R.P., additional, Rohit, M.V., additional, Scheufele, F.B., additional, Senachak, J., additional, Singh, S., additional, Sonani, R.R., additional, Takabe, T., additional, Tanaka, Y., additional, Thapa, S., additional, Trigueros, D.E.G., additional, Udayan, A., additional, Vasconcelos, V., additional, Venkata Mohan, S., additional, Vicente, A., additional, Waditee-Sirisattha, R., additional, Yadav, S., additional, and Zaharieva, M., additional

Published
2017
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34. FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS' ACCESS TO AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDY IN MAKWANPUR AND DHADING DISTRICTS OF NEPAL.

Author

Thapa, S., Panta, H. K., Poudel, S., G. C., Arun, Regmi, K., and Basnet, M.

Subjects
AGRICULTURAL subsidies, COOPERATIVE agriculture, AGRICULTURAL education, AGRICULTURAL equipment, AGRICULTURAL extension work, FARMERS, AGRICULTURAL implements
Abstract

The government of Nepal has been providing high priority to subsidy programs to support farmers and boost the national economy. Increasing access to and effectiveness of the subsidy program is important to enhance growth of agricultural sector. However, there has always been a concern about access to and effectiveness of the subsidy programs to address the problem of farmers in Nepal. This study was carried out to determine the factors affecting farmers' access to the agricultural subsidy. For this, a multi-stage sampling method was employed, and altogether 120 commercial vegetable growers from Dhading and Makwanpur districts of Nepal were selected using simple random technique. Descriptive statistical tools and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Out of the total sampled households, 55.83% had accessed at least one agricultural subsidy program, and the highest number of sampled households (39.17%) received the subsidy for agricultural tools. The result of binary logistic regression revealed that factors like ethnicity, membership in agricultural groups or co-operatives, farm visit by extension agents, and participation in agricultural training were significantly (p<0.01) influencing farmers' access to agricultural subsidy. Hence, the farmers are suggested to operate through agricultural groups or co-operatives, and the concerned authorities and policymakers should emphasize agricultural extension services and agricultural subsidy simultaneously for synergistic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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36. First-Generation SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Comparative Analysis between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2

Author

Basnet, A., primary, Tamang, B., additional, Pokhrel, N., additional, Khadka, S., additional, Shrestha, M. R., additional, Ghimire, S., additional, Prajapati, R., additional, Thapa, S., additional, Duwal Shrestha, S. K., additional, Chand, A. B., additional, Amatya, I., additional, and Rai, S. K., additional

Published
2022
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37. International consensus statement on obstructive sleep apnea.

Author

Chang J.L., Goldberg A.N., Alt J.A., Ashbrook L., Auckley D., Ayappa I., Bakhtiar H., Barrera J.E., Bartley B.L., Billings M.E., Boon M.S., Bosschieter P., Braverman I., Brodie K., Cabrera-Muffly C., Caesar R., Cahali M.B., Cai Y., Cao M., Capasso R., Caples S.M., Chahine L.M., Chang C.P., Chang K.W., Chaudhary N., Cheong C.S.J., Chowdhuri S., Cistulli P.A., Claman D., Collen J., Coughlin K., Creamer J., Davis E.M., Dupuy-McCauley K.L., Durr M.L., Dutt M., Ali M.E., Elkassabany N.M., Epstein L.J., Fiala J.A., Freedman N., Gill K., Gillespie M.B., Golisch L., Gooneratne N., Gottlieb D.J., Green K.K., Gulati A., Gurubhagavatula I., Hayward N., Hoff P.T., Hoffmann O.M.G., Holfinger S.J., Hsia J., Huntley C., Huoh K.C., Huyett P., Inala S., Ishman S., Jella T.K., Jobanputra A.M., Johnson A.P., Junna M.R., Kado J.T., Kaffenberger T.M., Kapur V.K., Kezirian E.J., Khan M., Kirsch D.B., Kominsky A., Kryger M., Krystal A.D., Kushida C.A., Kuzniar T.J., Lam D.J., Lettieri C.J., Lim D.C., Lin H.-C., Liu S.Y.C., MacKay S.G., Magalang U.J., Malhotra A., Maurer J.T., May A.M., Mitchell R.B., Mokhlesi B., Mullins A.E., Nada E.M., Naik S., Nokes B., Olson M.D., Pack A.I., Pang E.B., Pang K.P., Patil S.P., de Perck E.V., Piccirillo J.F., Pien G.W., Piper A.J., Plawecki A., Quigg M., Ravesloot M.J.L., Redline S., Rotenberg B.W., Ryden A., Sarmiento K.F., Sbeih F., Schell A.E., Schmickl C.N., Schotland H.M., Schwab R.J., Seo J., Shah N., Shelgikar A.V., Shochat I., Soose R.J., Steele T.O., Stephens E., Stepnowsky C., Strohl K.P., Sutherland K., Suurna M.V., Thaler E., Thapa S., Vanderveken O.M., de Vries N., Weaver E.M., Weir I.D., Wolfe L.F., Woodson B.T., Won C.H.J., Xu J., Yalamanchi P., Yaremchuk K., Yeghiazarians Y., Yu J.L., Zeidler M., Rosen I.M., Chang J.L., Goldberg A.N., Alt J.A., Ashbrook L., Auckley D., Ayappa I., Bakhtiar H., Barrera J.E., Bartley B.L., Billings M.E., Boon M.S., Bosschieter P., Braverman I., Brodie K., Cabrera-Muffly C., Caesar R., Cahali M.B., Cai Y., Cao M., Capasso R., Caples S.M., Chahine L.M., Chang C.P., Chang K.W., Chaudhary N., Cheong C.S.J., Chowdhuri S., Cistulli P.A., Claman D., Collen J., Coughlin K., Creamer J., Davis E.M., Dupuy-McCauley K.L., Durr M.L., Dutt M., Ali M.E., Elkassabany N.M., Epstein L.J., Fiala J.A., Freedman N., Gill K., Gillespie M.B., Golisch L., Gooneratne N., Gottlieb D.J., Green K.K., Gulati A., Gurubhagavatula I., Hayward N., Hoff P.T., Hoffmann O.M.G., Holfinger S.J., Hsia J., Huntley C., Huoh K.C., Huyett P., Inala S., Ishman S., Jella T.K., Jobanputra A.M., Johnson A.P., Junna M.R., Kado J.T., Kaffenberger T.M., Kapur V.K., Kezirian E.J., Khan M., Kirsch D.B., Kominsky A., Kryger M., Krystal A.D., Kushida C.A., Kuzniar T.J., Lam D.J., Lettieri C.J., Lim D.C., Lin H.-C., Liu S.Y.C., MacKay S.G., Magalang U.J., Malhotra A., Maurer J.T., May A.M., Mitchell R.B., Mokhlesi B., Mullins A.E., Nada E.M., Naik S., Nokes B., Olson M.D., Pack A.I., Pang E.B., Pang K.P., Patil S.P., de Perck E.V., Piccirillo J.F., Pien G.W., Piper A.J., Plawecki A., Quigg M., Ravesloot M.J.L., Redline S., Rotenberg B.W., Ryden A., Sarmiento K.F., Sbeih F., Schell A.E., Schmickl C.N., Schotland H.M., Schwab R.J., Seo J., Shah N., Shelgikar A.V., Shochat I., Soose R.J., Steele T.O., Stephens E., Stepnowsky C., Strohl K.P., Sutherland K., Suurna M.V., Thaler E., Thapa S., Vanderveken O.M., de Vries N., Weaver E.M., Weir I.D., Wolfe L.F., Woodson B.T., Won C.H.J., Xu J., Yalamanchi P., Yaremchuk K., Yeghiazarians Y., Yu J.L., Zeidler M., and Rosen I.M.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Evaluation and interpretation of the literature on obstructive sleep apnea is needed to consolidate and summarize key factors important for clinical management of the OSA adult patient. Toward this goal, an international collaborative of multidisciplinary experts in sleep apnea evaluation and treatment have produced the International Consensus statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (ICS:OSA). METHOD(S): Using previously defined methodology, focal topics in OSA were assigned as literature review (LR), evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBR-R) formats. Each topic incorporated the available and relevant evidence which was summarized and graded on study quality. Each topic and section underwent iterative review and the ICS:OSA was created and reviewed by all authors for consensus. RESULT(S): The ICS:OSA addresses OSA syndrome definitions, pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors for disease, screening methods, diagnostic testing types, multiple treatment modalities, and effects of OSA and treatment on the multiple comorbidities. Specific focus on outcomes with positive airway pressure (PAP) and surgical treatments were evaluated. CONCLUSION(S): This review of the literature in OSA consolidates the available knowledge and identifies the limitations of the current evidence. This effort aims to highlight the basis of OSA evidence-based practice and identify future research needs. Knowledge gaps and opportunities for improvement include improving the metrics of OSA disease, determining the optimal OSA screening paradigms, developing strategies for PAP adherence and longitudinal care, enhancing selection of PAP alternatives and surgery, understanding health risk outcomes, and translating evidence into individualized approaches to therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2022

38. Women's attitude towards intimate partner violence and utilization of contraceptive methods and maternal health care services: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from four South Asian countries

Author

Shrestha, SK, Thapa, S, Vicendese, D, Erbas, B, Shrestha, SK, Thapa, S, Vicendese, D, and Erbas, B

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) adversely affects women's reproductive health outcomes but to what extent women's justification of IPV affects maternal health care service utilization is unexplored. METHODS: The secondary cross-sectional datasets from multiple indicator cluster surveys of Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan conducted between 2010 and 2015 were used. We used a generalized linear mixed model with random effects, at both cluster- and country-level, to determine the odds ratio of maternal health service utilization at the regional level and a multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for complex survey design at the country level. Interaction between women's justification of IPV and residential location, and linear trend in the utilization of maternal health care services associated with increasing levels of women's justification of IPV, were examined using the Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT). RESULTS: A total of 26,029 women aged 15-49 years, living with their partners and had a pregnancy outcome 2 years prior to the survey were included. Women justifying IPV were less likely to utilize contraceptive methods (aOR) = 0.86, 95% CI 0.84, 0.88), at-least one Antenatal Care (ANC) visit (aOR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.72, 0.88), four or more ANC services (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.76, 0.86), institutional delivery (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.94) and Post-natal Care (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.62, 0.95) services. A decreasing linear trend was observed for four or more ANC visits (LRT P = 0.96) and institutional delivery (LRT P = 0.80) with increasing levels of IPV justification. Women justifying IPV were less likely to have at least one ANC visit in urban (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.60, 0.75) compared to rural areas (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73, 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Women's justification of IPV was associated with decreased odds of utilizing a wide range of maternal health care services at the regional level. Although further research that may help establish a causal link is

Published
2022

50. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Author

Fitzmaurice, C, Abate, D, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulle, A, Abebe, N, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abualhasan, A, Adedeji, I, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Aghaali, M, Agius, D, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadian, E, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, M, Akbari, M, Akinyemiju, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alabdulkader, A, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alamene, G, Alemnew, B, Alene, K, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Bakeshei, F, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alsharif, U, Alsowaidi, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Amini, S, Amoako, Y, Anbari, Z, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansariadi, A, Appiah, S, Arab-Zozani, M, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Areri, H, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Ashagre, A, Assadi, R, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Ayele, H, Babaee, E, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Bagli, E, Balakrishnan, S, Balouchi, A, Barnighausen, T, Battista, R, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, B, Belay, Y, Belayneh, Y, Berfield, K, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Beuran, M, Bhakta, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, M, Birungi, C, Bisignano, C, Bitew, H, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Bogale, K, Bojia, H, Borzi, A, Bosetti, C, Bou-Orm, I, Brenner, H, Brewer, J, Briko, A, Briko, N, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, Z, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chanie, W, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chauhan, N, Chehrazi, M, Chiang, P, Chichiabellu, T, Chido-Amajuoyi, O, Chimed-Ochir, O, Choi, J, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Constantin, M, Costa, V, Crocetti, E, Crowe, C, Curado, M, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das Neves, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, B, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desta, M, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dinberu, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Drake, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Ebrahimi, H, Effiong, A, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, Zaki, M, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elemineh, D, Elkout, H, Ellenbogen, R, Elsharkawy, A, Emamian, M, Endalew, D, Endries, A, Eshrati, B, Fadhil, I, Fallah, V, Faramarzi, M, Farhangi, M, Farioli, A, Farzadfar, F, Fentahun, N, Fernandes, E, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Force, L, Foroutan, M, Freitas, M, Fukumoto, T, Futran, N, Gallus, S, Gankpe, F, Gayesa, R, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremeskel, G, Gedefaw, G, Gelaw, B, Geta, B, Getachew, S, Gezae, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gill, P, Ginindza, T, Girmay, A, Gizaw, M, Gomez, R, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Goulart, B, Grada, A, Ribeiro Guerra, M, Guimaraes, A, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Hadkhale, K, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hanfore, L, Haro, J, Hasankhani, M, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassen, H, Hay, R, Hay, S, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Hidru, H, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Hoogar, P, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hussen, M, Ileanu, B, Ilic, M, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Iseh, K, Islam, S, Islami, F, Jafari Balalami, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahangiry, L, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jayaraman, S, Jee, S, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Jonnagaddala, J, Joo, T, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kamangar, F, Karch, A, Karimi, N, Karimian, A, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, G, Kassa, B, Kassa, T, Kassaw, M, Kaul, A, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, A, Kerbo, A, Khader, Y, Khalilarjmandi, M, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khang, Y, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khoja, A, Khosravi, M, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Komaki, H, Koyanagi, A, Krohn, K, Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, V, Kuupiel, D, La Vecchia, C, Lad, D, Lake, E, Lakew, A, Lal, D, Lami, F, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lazarus, J, Leigh, J, Leshargie, C, Liao, Y, Limenih, M, Listl, S, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lunevicius, R, Madadin, M, Magdeldin, S, El Razek, H, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Manamo, W, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Maroufizadeh, S, Martini, S, Mashamba-Thompson, T, Massenburg, B, Maswabi, M, Mathur, M, Mcalinden, C, Mckee, M, Meheretu, H, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, V, Meier, T, Melaku, Y, Meles, G, Meles, H, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Merat, S, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Mihretie, K, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mir, S, Mirzaei, H, Mishra, R, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Darwesh, A, Mohammadbeigi, A, Mohammadi, H, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Morawska, L, Morgado-Da-costa, J, Morisaki, N, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi, S, Muche, A, Muhammed, O, Musa, J, Nabhan, A, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nagel, G, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Naldi, L, Nam, H, Nasiri, N, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Neupane, S, Newcomb, P, Nggada, H, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nikniaz, L, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Nixon, M, Nnaji, C, Nojomi, M, Nosratnejad, S, Shiadeh, M, Obsa, M, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Oluwasanu, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Oommen, A, Oren, E, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Ota, E, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pakpour, A, Pana, A, Park, E, Parsian, H, Pashaei, T, Patel, S, Patil, S, Pennini, A, Pereira, D, Piccinelli, C, Pillay, J, Pirestani, M, Pishgar, F, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Prakash, S, Prasad, N, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, M, Rahman, M, Rajati, F, Rana, S, Raoofi, S, Rath, G, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Ribeiro, D, Ronfani, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Saad, R, Sabbagh, P, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Safiri, S, Sahebkar, A, Salahshoor, M, Salehi, F, Salem, H, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Sayyah, M, Schneider, I, Schottker, B, Sekerija, M, Sepanlou, S, Sepehrimanesh, M, Seyedmousavi, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shabaninejad, H, Shahbaz, M, Shaikh, M, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, H, Sharafi, Z, Sharif, M, Sharifi, A, Sharifi, H, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shirkoohi, R, Shukla, S, Si, S, Siabani, S, Silva, D, Silveira, D, Singh, A, Singh, J, Sisay, S, Sitas, F, Sobngwi, E, Soofi, M, Soriano, J, Stathopoulou, V, Sufiyan, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Takahashi, K, Tamtaji, O, Tarawneh, M, Tassew, S, Taymoori, P, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Temsah, O, Tesfay, B, Tesfay, F, Teshale, M, Tessema, G, Thapa, S, Tlaye, K, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Tsadik, A, Ullah, I, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Varona Perez, P, Veisani, Y, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Wabinga, H, Wachamo, T, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Weldegebreal, F, Weldesamuel, G, Wijeratne, T, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Workie, H, Yadav, R, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Yaseri, M, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yimam, M, Yimer, E, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, B, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zabeh, E, Zadnik, V, Moghadam, T, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zangeneh, A, Zaki, L, Zendehdel, K, Zenebe, Z, Zewale, T, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Murray, C, Fitzmaurice C., Abate D., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdel-Rahman O., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulle A. S. M., Abebe N. D., Abraha H. N., Abu-Raddad L. J., Abualhasan A., Adedeji I. A., Advani S. M., Afarideh M., Afshari M., Aghaali M., Agius D., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadian E., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M. B., Akbari M. E., Akinyemiju T., Al-Aly Z., Alabdulkader A. M., Alahdab F., Alam T., Alamene G. M., Alemnew B. T. T., Alene K. A., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Bakeshei F. A., Almadi M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Alsharif U., Alsowaidi S., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini E., Amini S., Amoako Y. A., Anbari Z., Anber N. H., Andrei C. L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansariadi A., Appiah S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani M., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Areri H. A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asfaw E. T., Ashagre A. F., Assadi R., Ataeinia B., Atalay H. T., Ataro Z., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E. F. G. A., Awasthi A., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayanore M. A., Ayele H. T., Babaee E., Bacha U., Badawi A., Bagherzadeh M., Bagli E., Balakrishnan S., Balouchi A., Barnighausen T. W., Battista R. J., Behzadifar M., Bekele B. B., Belay Y. B., Belayneh Y. M., Berfield K. K. S., Berhane A., Bernabe E., Beuran M., Bhakta N., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M. S., Birungi C., Bisignano C., Bitew H., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Bogale K. A., Bojia H. A., Borzi A. M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I. R., Brenner H., Brewer J. D., Briko A. N., Briko N. I., Bustamante-Teixeira M. T., Butt Z. A., Carreras G., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castro C., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chanie W. F., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chauhan N. S., Chehrazi M., Chiang P. P. -C., Chichiabellu T. Y., Chido-Amajuoyi O. G., Chimed-Ochir O., Choi J. -Y. J., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Constantin M. -M., Costa V. M., Crocetti E., Crowe C. S., Curado M. P., Dahlawi S. M. A., Damiani G., Darwish A. H., Daryani A., Das Neves J., Demeke F. M., Demis A. B., Demissie B. W., Demoz G. T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derakhshani A., Deribe K. S., Desai R., Desalegn B. B., Desta M., Dey S., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dinberu M. T. T., Djalalinia S., Doku D. T., Drake T. M., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E. E., Ebrahimi H., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Zaki M. E. S., El-Jaafary S. I., El-Khatib Z., Elemineh D. A., Elkout H., Ellenbogen R. G., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M. H., Endalew D. A., Endries A. Y., Eshrati B., Fadhil I., Fallah V., Faramarzi M., Farhangi M. A., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fentahun N., Fernandes E., Feyissa G. T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Force L. M., Foroutan M., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Futran N. D., Gallus S., Gankpe F. G., Gayesa R. T., Gebrehiwot T. T., Gebremeskel G. G., Gedefaw G. A., Gelaw B. K., Geta B., Getachew S., Gezae K. E., Ghafourifard M., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill P. S., Ginindza T. T. G., Girmay A., Gizaw M., Gomez R. S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goulart B. N. G., Grada A., Ribeiro Guerra M., Guimaraes A. L. S., Gupta P. C., Gupta R., Hadkhale K., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hanfore L. K., Haro J. M., Hasankhani M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassen H. Y., Hay R. J., Hay S. I., Henok A., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Hidru H. D., Hoang C. L., Hole M. K., Hoogar P., Horita N., Hosgood H. D., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hussen M. M., Ileanu B., Ilic M. D., Innos K., Irvani S. S. N., Iseh K. R., Islam S. M. S., Islami F., Jafari Balalami N., Jafarinia M., Jahangiry L., Jahani M. A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S., Jee S. H., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joo T., Jungari S. B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kamangar F., Karch A., Karimi N., Karimian A., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G. G., Kassa B., Kassa T. D., Kassaw M. W., Kaul A., Keiyoro P. N., Kelbore A. G., Kerbo A. A., Khader Y. S., Khalilarjmandi M., Khan E. A., Khan G., Khang Y. -H., Khatab K., Khater A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khoja A. 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Abstract

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo

Published
2019

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