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Providing clean water for energy generation is of particular importance. Due to limited water resources, hydropower generation is facing problems in today’s world societies. Due to this issue, the purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal management of water resources and its impact on optimal hydropower generation. The innovation of this research is the use of a new version of Developed Wildebeest Herd Optimization (DWHO) to forecast hydropower generation. This proposed algorithm solves optimization problems and increases the accuracy of the results obtained for reservoir operation to generate power. The results of this study showed that the developed algorithm has the highest convergence speed and utilizes minimum time-consuming mathematical processes to reach the global solution and prevents trapping in local solutions. The results related to the estimation of power showed that the DWHO method produces about 17% more electricity than other compared algorithms. Also, the highest reliability index 89.7% and resilience index 68.1% and the lowest vulnerability index 12.8% belong to the DWHO method.

The relationship between Al-Wand lake and groundwater was studied in Khanaqin cityby identifying water levels for Al-Wand lake and the shallow groundwater aquifer for 2019 and 2020. The hydrochemical analyses of Al-Wand river water, Al-Wand lake water and shallow groundwater, and identifying the grain size analysis and mineralogy of the surface sediments have been done. This relationship was adopted on climate data of the study area by knowing which seasons contained water surplus or water deficit, and porosity and permeability define of soil that affects groundwater movement, and identify the salinity that effect on water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The south to the north project (WDP) on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is studied by the improved three-dimensional (3D) numerical model. The net unit width flux in the Changjiang Estuary as well as the sectional salt flux is calculated in the North Branch (NB), the South Branch (SB), the North Channel (NC), the South Channel (SC), the North Passage (NP) and the South Passage (SP), respectively. The net seaward water flux in the SB is reduced, and the net water flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is enhanced after the eastern WDP. Under the mean river discharge condition in the dry season, the net salt flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is increased by 2.09 t/s and 0.52 t/s during the spring and neap tides, respectively, due to the eastern WDP. The saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is enhanced by the eastern WDP. Compared with that during the spring tide, the net water diversion ratio during the neap tide in the NC is smaller, and thus the enhancement of the saltwater intrusion by the eastern WDP is smaller in the NC, and larger in the NP and the SP. The tidally averaged surface salinity at the water intakes of the Dongfengxisha Reservoir, the Chenhang Reservoir and the Qingcaosha Reservoir rises both during the spring and neap tides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]