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The main purpose of our study was to examine whether autonomous training through the use of technologies could be associated with improvements in selective attention, visuospatial short-term memory and visuospatial processing in students with Down Syndrome (DS). In addition, our study aimed to analyse how the improvements in selective attention and visuospatial short-term memory tasks could predict improvements in visuospatial processing. Twenty-six children and adolescents with DS who belong to specialized schools for ID participated in the study. Three different mobile applications, Bubbles (selective attention), Pairs and Learn (visuospatial short-term memory) and Tangram (visuospatial processing) developed by Smile and Learn were used during a three-month period by the students. The results showed significant improvements through training in both, Pairs and Learn and Tangram, whereas there was no significant improvement in Bubbles. The results also showed that Pairs and Learn performance could predict a 36% variance in Tangram one. Cognitive and educational implications of these results are discussed.

Introduction: The use of public bathrooms is a challenge for everyone, but especially for those who are affected by a bathroom‐dependent condition. Being dependent on bathrooms is linked with different negative emotions. One of them is a clinically relevant emotion: shame associated with the chronic condition. Materials and Methods: In a cross‐sectional survey study (n = 193) of people who suffer a bathroom‐dependent condition we asked about health conditions, well‐being, and shame related to chronic condition outcomes. Results: We show a link between negative public bathroom experiences, and diminished well‐being and feelings of shame related to chronic illness. We found that this relationship between negative experiences with public bathrooms and shame is not specific to the different conditions. Conclusion: We conclude that the negative experiences which people with different gastrointestinal illnesses face is an environmental stressor associated with more embarrassment as a result of the condition suffered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]