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1. Potential of Dried Edible Caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Vending on Local Markets to Improve Mineral Suitability in the Diet of the Population in Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author

Justin Birhashwirwa Ombeni, Maria Vittoria Conti, Hellas Cena, and Theodore Munyuli

Subjects
Agriculture, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Insects, a traditional food in many parts of the world, are highly nutritious and especially rich in proteins and thus represent a potential food and protein source. They are rich in essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids and provide ample quantities of minerals such as Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, and P essential for human health. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional value of dried edible caterpillars with an exclusive focus on mineral content. Quantitative analysis of seven essential minerals for humans was analyzed for two dried edible caterpillars currently commercialized in Bukavu town, South Kivu province (eastern DR Congo) central market including Bunaeopsis aurantiaca (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and Imbrasia oyemensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Mineral content analysis of Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, and Mn were carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) while the P content was analyzed using the Colorimetric method, then the mineral content was compared to the recommended daily intakes (mg/day). On a dry weight basis, we find that mineral content differed with type of caterpillar. I. oyemensis had the highest concentrations of most minerals tested compared to B. aurantiaca, which nevertheless had the greatest amount of phosphorus (P). P was significantly the most abundant mineral detected (605.70 ± 6.08 mg/100g; p < 0.001), followed by Mg and Na in I. oyemensis with 220.11 ± 6.10 mg/100g and 216.43 ± 1.08 mg/100g respectively. Oligo-minerals Zn and Fe, were the lowest in the caterpillar samples. All the edible caterpillars analyzed met the recommended daily mineral intake. The consumption of < 28 g and < 8 g of these caterpillars covers daily RNI in adults for Fe and Mn respectively. Thus, edible caterpillars in this study have shown that they can be excellent contributors to people's mineral requirements and should be sustainably utilized. Aside from direct consumption, there is a huge potential for using these caterpillars as raw material and food fortification. The mineral content of commonly eaten caterpillars was analyzed to inform consumers among indigenous populations in the Democratic Republic of Congo about the micro-nutritional quality of the insects.

Published
2024
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2. Évaluation de la productivité du maïs (Zea mays L.) sous amendements organique et minéral dans la province de Lomami, République Démocratique du Congo

Author

Judith Ngoie Kazadi, Meschack Ilunga Tshibingu, Benjamin Mutamba Ntatangolo, Dominique Kabongo Musenge, Remy Mukendi Tshibingu, Theodore Munyuli Mushambani, Dieudonné Ngoyi Nyembo, Théodore Tshilumba Mukadi, and Maurice Mpoyi

Subjects
Tithonia diversifolia, Entada abyssinica, engrais, maïs, rendement, Tithonia diversifolia, Entada abyssinica, manure, corn, output, biology, Botany, engineering, Tithonia, Forestry, Fertilizer, Entada abyssinica, engineering.material, biology.organism_classification, Zea mays, Multiple role
Abstract

Objectif: L’étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet de l’Entada abyssinica et Tithonia diversifolia enfouis au sol comparativement au NPK (17-17-17), seuls et en combinaison organo-minérale sur la croissance et le rendement du maïs.Méthodologie and Résultats: L’essai a été conduit sur le site expérimental de l’Université Notre-Dame de Lomami à Kabinda et installé suivant un dispositif en blocs complets randomisés. Les traitements, en trois répétitions, ont été constitués d’un témoin (T0), de cinq niveaux d’apport de fertilisants : biomasses d’E. abyssinica et T. diversifolia, NPK, E. abyssinica+NPK et T. diversifolia+NPK. Les observations avaient porté sur les paramètres de croissance et de production. Les résultats obtenus renseignent que le maïs a répondu positivement dans la phase de croissance sous effet de fertilisant indistinctement de leur nature (pTithonia diversifolia+NPK>Entada abyssinica>NPK>Tithonia diversifolia>Témoin (466.42 kg/ha).Conclusion et principales applications de la recherche: L’application des biomasses T. diversifolia et E. abyssinica en combinaison organo-minérale sur une culture de maïs démontre jouer un rôle multiple sur la physique, la chimie et la biologie du sol avec comme conséquence une augmentation du rendement de l’ordre de 2186,91 kg de grains par rapport au sol non traité. Les biomasses utilisées seules ont données également de bons résultats par rapport au témoin. Vu les difficultés d’accessibilité à l’engrais minéral, l’utilisation d’E. abyssinica et T. diversifolia dans un environnement comme celui-ci contribuerait à la promotion de l’apport de ces matières organiques dans la plupart des sols pauvres.Mots clés: Tithonia diversifolia, Entada abyssinica, engrais, maïs, rendementEnglish Title: Évaluation of the productivity of the corn (Zea mays L.) under organic and mineral improvement in the province of Lomami, Democratic Republic of CongoEnglish AbstractObjective: The study aims to evaluate the effect of Entada abyssinica and Tithonia diversifolia buried on the ground compared to the NPK (17-17-17), only and in organomineral combination on the growth and the yield corn.Methodology and Results: The test was carried on the experimental site of the University Our - Lady of Lomami to Kabinda and was installed according to a device in randomized complete blocks. The treatments, in three repetitions, consisted of a witness (T0), of five levels of fertilizer contribution : biomasses of E. abyssinica and T. diversifolia, NPK, E. abyssinica +NPK and T. diversifolia +NPK. The observations had related to the parameters of growth and production. The results obtained inform that the corn answered positively in the phase of growth under effect of fertilizer indistinctly of their nature (p Tithonia diversifolia +NPK > Entada abyssinica > NPK > Tithonia diversifolia > witness (466.42 kg/ha).Conclusion and principal applications of research: The application of the biomasses T. diversifolia and E. abyssinica in organomineral combination on a corn culture show a multiple role on the physics, the chemistry and the biology of the ground with like consequence an increase in the productivity of about 2186,91 kg of grains compared to the ground untreated. The biomasses used only also gave good results compared to the witness. Considering the difficulties of accessibility to mineral manure, the use of E. abyssinica and T. diversifolia in an environment as this one contributes with the promotion of the contribution of this organic matter in the majority of the poor grounds.Keywords: Tithonia diversifolia, Entada abyssinica, manure, corn, output

Published
2017

3. Influence of functional traits on foraging behaviour and pollination efficiency of wild social and solitary bees visiting coffee (Coffea canephora) flowers in Uganda

Author

Theodore Munyuli

Subjects
Pollination, biology, Foraging, Plant Science, Coffea canephora, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Open pollination, Horticulture, Pollinator, Self-pollination, Bee pollen, Pollen, Botany, medicine, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

An on-farm pollination experiment was conducted during the June–August and November–February blooming seasons of 2007 to 2008, in 30 small-scale coffee fields characterised by different habitat and vegetation types. The study was conducted in order to determine the best pollinator groups for coffee in Uganda and to collect relevant field information and determine the pollination efficiency of different bee species. Results indicate that across blooming seasons, coffee flowers were visited by 24–36 bee species. Hypotrigona gribodoi was the most frequent flower visitor, comprising over 60% of 5941 bee-visits recorded. Foraging rate and pollination speed varied among bee species. Solitary bees foraged on more flowers than social bees, but they spent less time per flower visited. Solitary bees visited more coffee trees and fields, but deposited less pollen, whereas social bees visited less trees and coffee fields in the landscape, but deposited more pollen on flowers. Fruit set was of 87%, 64% and 0.9...

Published
2014
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4. Évaluation de la productivité du maïs (Zea mays L.) sous amendements organique et minéral dans la province de Lomami, République Démocratique du Congo

Author

Tshibingu, Remy Mukendi, primary, Mukadi, Théodore Tshilumba, additional, Mpoyi, Maurice, additional, Ntatangolo, Benjamin Mutamba, additional, Musenge, Dominique Kabongo, additional, Tshibingu, Meschack Ilunga, additional, Kazadi, Judith Ngoie, additional, Nyembo, Dieudonné Ngoyi, additional, and Mushambani, Theodore Munyuli, additional

Published
2017
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5. NUTRITIONAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF COMPLEMENTARY FOODS FLOUR BASED ON EDIBLE CATERPILLARS: BUNAEOPSIS AURANTIACA, IMBRASIA OYEMENSIS AND CIRINA FORDA EATEN IN SOUTH KIVU PROVINCE, EASTERN D.R. CONGO.

Author

Justin, Ombeni B. and Theodore, Munyuli

Subjects
*FOOD combining, *CATERPILLARS, *UNSATURATED fatty acids, *SORGHUM, *THREONINE, *NUTRITIONAL value, *LEUCINE
Abstract

We assessed the nutritional quality of porridge flours based on local edible caterpillars and cereals to make receipts porridge for young children, compared to that of food product aid for the treatment of acute malnutrition of riparian population of the Congo Basin in general and South Kivu province in particular. The nutritional quality of selected foods was obtained from tropical Africa food composition tables. Recipes developed were balance referring to food standards Codex Alimentaruis FAO/WHO. Three (3) developed flours (RPC1, RPC2 and RPC3) composed subsequently of five (5) selected traditional foodstuffs, whose: three caterpillars: Bunaeopsis aurantiaca, Imbrasia oyemensis, Cirina forda and two cereals: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and white maize (Zea mays) result in this investigation. Caterpillars included in each of these porridge recipes are an important source of energy, aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine + tyrosine), lysine, leucine and threonine. Rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid C18: 1 ω9 and linoleic acid C18: 2 ω6, also in vitamins and mineral, and giving high nutritional recipes. The energy and protein value of three different recipes developed has been evaluated and it is more than CSB+ and that others of therapeutic food of acute malnutrition (x²: 56.55; p<0.0001). The nutritional value of the recipes formulated are statistically similar to that of food aid products for the treatment of acute malnutrition (p<0.001) and can replace these firsts. Therefore these recipes porridge caterpillars are a rich source of energy and protein that can cover the needs of the malnourished body and ensure the sustainable decentralized countries reliance on exported food aid products accommodated the dietary management of malnutrition. Thus, in communities that are not accustomed to eating whole insects, pulp and pellets recipes could be better accept. Hence, their processing for use in the nutritional therapeutics centre, contribute to the fight against malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

6. Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance

Author

Brad G. Howlett, Neal M. Williams, Yael Mandelik, Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi, Breno Magalhães Freitas, Smitha Krishnan, Steven K. Javorek, Carlos H. Vergara, Theodore Munyuli, Riccardo Bommarco, Andrea Holzschuh, Taylor H. Ricketts, Ignasi Bartomeus, Jessica D. Petersen, Christina M. Kennedy, Teja Tscharntke, Natacha P. Chacoff, Saul A. Cunningham, Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi, Juliana Hipólito, Faye Benjamin, Kristin M. Krewenka, Virginie Boreux, Sarah S. Greenleaf, Marcelo A. Aizen, Jan H. Dudenhöffer, Daniel P. Cariveau, Thomas C. Wanger, Christof Schüepp, Maj Rundlöf, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Brian A. Nault, Simon G. Potts, Claire Kremen, Gideon Pisanty, Rufus Isaacs, Romina Rader, Jaboury Ghazoul, Ohad Afik, Luísa G. Carvalheiro, Hisatomo Taki, Catrin Westphal, Lawrence D. Harder, Margaret M. Mayfield, Alexandra-Maria Klein, Iris Motzke, Rachael Winfree, Mark Otieno, Blandina Felipe Viana, and Colleen L. Seymour

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Insecta, Pollination, Insect, 01 natural sciences, Pollinator, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Honey Bee, Multidisciplinary, Agricultura, food and beverages, Bees, Pollinator decline, Insects, POLLINATION CRISIS, Worker bee, Ecosystems Research, behavior and behavior mechanisms, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Crops, Agricultural, General Science & Technology, media_common.quotation_subject, Crops, POLLINATOR DECLINE, Flowers, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ciencias Biológicas, Agronomía, reproducción y protección de plantas, Wild Pollinators, Botany, Animals, Agricultural, Pollination management, fungi, Honey bee, Ecología, 15. Life on land, 010602 entomology, Agronomy, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, 13. Climate action, Melliferous flower, Fruit, POLLINATOR DIVERSITY, HONEYBEES, Agricultura, Silvicultura y Pesca, Natural Processes
Abstract

Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (Sede Andina) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina. Fil: Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf. University of Würzburg. Biocentre. Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Germany. Fil: Winfree, Rachael. Rutgers University. Evolution and Natural Resources. Department of Ecology; USA. Fil: Aizen, Marcelo A. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche (CRUB). Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA). Laboratorio Ecotono; Argentina. Fil: Bommarco, Riccardo. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Department of Ecology; Sweden. Fil: Cunningham, Saul A. CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; Australia. Fil: Kremen, Claire. University of California. Environmental Sciences Policy and Management; USA. Fil: Carvalheiro, Luísa G. University of Leeds. School of Biology; UK. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Netherlands. Fil: Harder, Lawrence D. University of Calgary. Department of Biological Sciences; Canada. Fil: Afik, Ohad. Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Department of Entomology; Israel. Fil: Bartomeus, Ignasi. Rutgers University. Department of Entomology, Evolution and Natural Resources; USA. Fil: Benjamin, Faye. Rutgers University. Evolution and Natural Resources. Department of Ecology; USA. Fil: Boreux, Virginie. Leuphana University. Institute of Ecology; Germany. Department of Environmental Systems Science; Switzerland. Fil: Cariveau, Daniel. Rutgers University. Evolution and Natural Resources. Department of Ecology; USA. Fil: Chacoff, Natacha P. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Fil: Dudenhöffer, Jan H. Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART. Ecological Farming Systems; Switzerland. Fil: Freitas, Breno M. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Departamento de Zootecnia–CCA; Brazil. Fil: Greenleaf, Sarah S. University of California. Environmental Sciences Policy and Management; USA. Fil: Hipólito, Juliana. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Departamento de Zoologia. Instituto de Biologia; Brazil. Fil: Holzschuh, Andrea. University of Würzburg. Biocentre. Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Germany. Fil: Howlett, Brad. New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research; New Zealand. Fil: Isaacs, Rufus. Michigan State University. Department of Entomology; USA. Fil: Javorek, Steven K. Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Canada. Fil: Kennedy, Christina M. Nature Conservancy. Development by Design Program; USA. Fil: Krewenka, Kristin M. Georg-August-University. Department of Crop Sciences. Agroecology; Germany. Fil: Krishnan, Smitha. ETH Zürich. Department of Environmental Systems Science; Switzerland. Fil: Mandelik, Yael. Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Department of Entomology; Israel. Fil: Mayfield, Margaret M. University of Queensland. School of Biological Sciences and Ecology Centre; Australia. Fil: Motzke, Iris. Leuphana University. Ecosystem Functions. Institute of Ecology; Germany. Georg-August-University. Department of Crop Sciences. Agroecology; Germany. Fil: Munyuli, Theodore. National Center for Research in Natural Sciences. Department of Biology; Democratic Republic of Congo. Fil: Nault, Brian A. Cornell University. Department of Entomology. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station; USA. Fil: Otieno, Mark. University of Reading. School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; UK. Fil: Petersen, Jessica. Cornell University. Department of Entomology. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station; USA. Fil: Pisanty, Gideon. Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Department of Entomology; Israel. Fil: Potts, Simon G. University of Reading. School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; UK. Fil: Rader, Romina. Stockholm University. Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology; Sweden. Fil: Ricketts, Taylor H. University of Vermont. Gund Institute for Ecological Economics; USA. Fil: Rundlöf, Maj. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Department of Ecology; Sweden. Lund University. Department of Biol-ogy; Sweden. Fil: Seymour, Colleen L. South African National Institute of Biodiversity. Applied Biodiversity Research Division; South Africa. Fil: Schüepp, Christof. University of Bern. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Community Ecology; Switzerland. University of Koblenz-Landau. Ecosystem Analysis; Germany. Fil: Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka. Jagiellonian University. Institute of Environmental Sciences; Poland. Fil: Taki, Hisatomo. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Department of Forest Entomology; Japan. Fil: Tscharntke, Teja. Georg-August-University. Department of Crop Sciences. Agroecology; Germany. Fil: Vergara, Carlos H. Universidad de las Américas Puebla. Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Mexico. Fil: Viana, Blandina F. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Zoologia; Brazil. Fil: Wanger, Thomas C. Georg-August-University. Department of Crop Sciences. Agroecology; Germany. Fil: Westphal, Catrin. Georg-August-University. Department of Crop Sciences. Agroecology; Germany. Fil: Williams, Neal. University of California. Department of Entomology; USA. Fil: Klein, Alexandra M. Leuphana University. Ecosystem Functions. Institute of Ecology; Germany. The diversity and abundance of wild insect pollinators have declined in many agricultural landscapes. Whether such declines reduce crop yields, or are mitigated by managed pollinators such as honey bees, is unclear. We found universally positive associations of fruit set with flower visitation by wild insects in 41 crop systems worldwide. In contrast, fruit set increased significantly with flower visitation by honey bees in only 14% of the systems surveyed. Overall, wild insects pollinated crops more effectively; an increase in wild insect visitation enhanced fruit set by twice as much as an equivalent increase in honey bee visitation. Visitation by wild insects and honey bees promoted fruit set independently, so pollination by managed honey bees supplemented, rather than substituted for, pollination by wild insects. Our results suggest that new practices for integrated management of both honey bees and diverse wild insect assemblages will enhance global crop yields.

Published
2013
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7. PROFILE IN AMINO AND FATTY ACIDS OF BUNAEOPSIS AURANTIACA CATERPILLARS EATEN IN SOUTH KIVU PROVINCE, EASTERN OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO.

Author

Justin, Ombeni B., Theodore, Munyuli, Tresor, Mwangi, Fideline, Nabintu, Espoir, Izuba, and Marcellin, Betu

Subjects
*AMINO acids, *LEUCINE, *FATTY acids, *SATURATED fatty acids, *ESSENTIAL amino acids, *UNSATURATED fatty acids
Abstract

A survey on the particular importance of aminoacids and fatty acids component caterpillars' Bunaeopsis aurantiaca, nowadays much more eaten by the South Kivu province people was assessed during the investigation. Samples of caterpillars formed by 150 specimens last stage were harvested in their ecological environment, brought to the laboratory and dried at 65°C for 72 hours and then incinerated in an oven at 550°C. Dry matter of the larvae obtained were analyzed by methods for protein and Kjeldal Folch for lipids. This study shows that Bunaeopsis aurantiaca caterpillars are excellent nutritional potential. These excavators are composed of 49.47% protein and content in its profile 5 major essential amino acids: aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine + tyrosine) 5.23g/16N, lysine 2.40g, 2.33g leucine and threonine 2.17 g/16N. 24.19% fats contain saturated and unsaturated acids amounting to 50.05% and 47.78% respectively of the total fatty acids, and 2.16% of other unidentified acids. Rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid C18: 1 9 40.28% and linoleic acid C18: 2 6 6.58%. Saturated fatty acids are represented by 38.53% of stearic acid; most abundant monitoring palmitic acid 10.05%. The overall results show that caterpillars Bunaeopsis aurantiaca are an important source of nutrients that can contribute to the harmonious development of human organism. The nutritional value is similar to that of meat and fish that are more costly for the poorest. Development of complementary foods made from flour caterpillars to overcome cultural constraints, should better offer to children and adults, for their significant nutritional value. Thus, in communities that are not accustomed to eating whole insects, pasta recipes and pellets could be better accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

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