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Cancer is among the main reasons of mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis offers the best chance of recovery for cancer patients. Scientists are still unable to successfully treat cancer spreading to various vital organs, despite the considerable strides in understanding the complex mechanisms leading to cancer formation and metastasis in recent years. The processes of tumor invasion, carcinogenesis and metastasis are still unclear because of the complexity of cancer cells and the microenvironment of tumors. Therefore, to understand the intricate molecular information underpinning the biological behaviours of tumors, it is imperative to develop a novel technology for cancer diagnosis and real-time observation right away. Quantum dots are luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals with a nanometer size range. Due to their unusual optical properties, including excellent brightness, simultaneous detection of many signals, long-term stability and adjustable emission spectra, they appeal as potential diagnostic and therapeutic systems in cancer. Due to their high quantum yields, low toxicity, biocompatibility and flexibility for various surface modifications, quantum dots are currently promising for bioanalytical investigations. The capacity of quantum dots for multiplexed sensing with various emission wavelengths to simultaneously detect a variety of biomarkers of illness is intriguing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the correlation between alcoholism and crime using the example of convicts serving prison sentences in the therapeutic system in the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Białystok. The research methods used were the following: a diagnostic survey, literature analysis and statistical method. Among the analyzed data, data obtained from the databases of the Central Board of the Prison Service and penitentiary units subordinated to the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Białystok were particularly valuable. The analysis of the source material collected in this way made it possible to determine the convicts opinion regarding alcoholism as a factor causing criminal behavior. The research conducted on convicts serving prison sentences in penitentiary units subordinated to the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Białystok shows that among convicts exposed to alcoholism, the percentage of committing crimes was significantly higher compared to those who did not abuse alcohol. Additionally, research showed that the frequency of alcohol consumption was positively correlated with crime. For this reason, the conclusions resulting from the conducted research should be thought-provoking and are important for the development of effective intervention and prevention programs aimed at reducing alcoholism and crime in society.The article concerns the correlation between alcoholism and crime on the example of convicts serving prison sentences in the therapeutic system in the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Białystok. This type of research has not been conducted in the presented District.

Copyright of Studies in Law: Research Papers / Studia Prawnicze. Rozprawy i Materialy is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are natural nanocarriers characterized by a phospholipid bilayer structure, are released by living cells. They play a crucial role in the intercellular transport of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, facilitating substance delivery and information exchange between cells. In light of recent numerous studies, EVs has been found to transcend their basic role as mere delivery vehicle. Instead, they demonstrate an impressive array of biological activities, displaying preventive and therapeutic potential in mitigating various pathological processes encompassing cancer, neoplastic proliferation, infectious diseases, and oxidative trauma. Particularly, EVs derived from edible plants (EPDEVs) have been emphasized for their extensive range of physiological regulatory functions in animals and humans, with the potential for targeted drug delivery through oral administration. Leveraging these advantages, EPDEVs are expected to have excellent competitiveness in clinical applications or preventive healthcare products. This review provides a brief overview of the biogenesis, structure, and composition of EPDEVs, and summarizes their biological functions and mechanisms. It also analyzes the methods for isolating and purifying plant-EVs, assessing their advantages and disadvantages; discusses the latest advancements in biomedical applications, and concludes with a prospective insight into the research and development directions of EPDEVs.

To cater to medication needs in the future healthcare system, we need to shift from the conventional system of drug delivery to modern molecular signature-based drug delivery systems. The current drug therapies are either less effective, ineffective, or produce numerous adverse reactions. One scientific principle or discipline cannot adequately address all the problems, so we need an innovative application of the current scientific principles. Here we are proposing a novel concept of nanoformulation based on pharmacogenomics and theranostics for personalized error-free and targeted therapeutic agent delivery. The addition of more knowledge about the human genome opens the new way to study disease-gene, gene-drug, and drug-effect interactions, which is the basis of future medicines. Pharmacogenomics provides information about the disease etiology, role in genes in disease pathophysiology, disease biomarkers, drug targets, drug effects, and the fate of drugs inside the body. Theranostics approach utilizes the above information in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the disease on a real-time basis. Personalized dosage forms can be formulated into a nanoformulation that provides a better therapeutic effect and minimizes adverse drug reactions. The therapeutic system needs to be shifted from the principle of one drug fits all to one drug unique population. In the present manuscript, we tried to conceptualize a modern therapeutic system by combining the three approaches viz. pharmacogenomics, theranostics, and nanotechnology applied in the area of formulation development to produce a multifunctional single tiny entity. Unlabelled Image • Conventional drug therapy many limitations such as drug resistance, evolution of pathogens and life style diseases. • Integration of pharmacogenomics and theranostics approaches has immense potential in the area of targeted drug delivery. • Nanotechnology provides the suitable and effective mean of delivering the drug to the desired site. • Quality by design (QbD) concept helps in designing and developing an error free dosage form. • The integration of all these approach has the promise for future medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biopolymers have been widely studied for use in pharmaceutical applications. They have been used for modifying drug release, orientating a drug towards its therapeutic target, penetrating physiological barriers (tissues and cells) and protecting unstable therapeutic agents against physiological conditions which are present in a less invasive administration routes. The importance of biopolymers in designing new biomedical devices must thus be stressed, es-pecially when a pharmaceutical substance must be incorporated into a polymer matrix. A new generation of alterna-tives for human health has thus been generated by designing pharmaceutical therapeutic systems in line with the concept of “integrated custom-made product design”. This document reviews the trends concerning using biopoly-mers for designing products having pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The paper also introduces the elements which should be mastered by engineers for obtaining material which can be used in the health field and tries to provide a reference point regarding the state of the art in this specific field of knowledge.

Abstract: A novel therapeutic scaffolding system of engineered nanocarriers within a foam matrix for the long-term and sequential delivery of growth factors is reported. Mesoporous silica nanospheres were first functionalized to have an enlarged mesopore size (12.2nm) and aminated surface, which was then shelled by a biopolymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), via electrospraying. The hybrid nanocarrier was subsequently combined with collagen to produce foam scaffolds. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), used as a model protein, was effectively loaded within the enlarged nanospheres. The biopolymer shell substantially prolonged the release period of BSA (2–3weeks from shelled nanospheres vs. within 1week from bare nanospheres), and the release rate was highly dependent on the shell composition (PEG>PLA). Collagen foam scaffolding of the shelled nanocarrier further slowed down the protein release, while enabling the incorporation of a rapidly releasing protein, which is effective for sequential protein delivery. Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), loaded onto the shelled-nanocarrier scaffolds, was released over a month at a highly sustainable rate, profiling a release pattern similar to that of BSA. The biological activity of the aFGF was evidenced by the significant proliferation of osteoblastic precursor cells in the aFGF-releasing scaffolds. Furthermore, the aFGF-delivering scaffolds implanted in rat subcutaneous tissue for 2weeks showed a substantially enhanced invasion of fibroblasts with a homogeneous population. Taken together, it is concluded that the biopolymer encapsulation of mesoporous nanospheres effectively prolongs the release of growth factors over weeks to a month, providing a nanocarrier platform for a long-term growth factor delivery. Moreover, the foam scaffolding of the nanocarrier system is a potential therapeutic three-dimensional matrix for cell culture and tissue engineering. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Prospectiva is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The psychoanalytic idea of 'resistance' is reframed in terms of a system's inherent tendency to seek stability in the face of change. Resistance is considered on two levels: the intrapsychic level at which an individual seeks to avoid the experience of psychic pain or discomfort, and the interpersonal level at which the therapist and client together constitute a therapeutic system that can manifest an isomorphic tendency to avoid discomfort and to thereby maintain a problem or symptom. The implications for psychotherapy and for psychotherapists of this understanding of resistance are examined. The argument is supported by a juxtaposition and comparison of the therapeutic approaches of two therapists who made their respective marks in psychodynamic and family therapy practice, respectively, during the 1970s - Habib Davanloo, who focused on overcoming intrapsychic resistance, and Salvador Minuchin, whose focus was, in those days, on overcoming resistance at the level of the family system. Both of these therapists created and managed instability within the therapeutic system in order to bring about change in otherwise unchanging problematic circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new peroral amoxicillin/clavulanate therapeutic system composed of immediate release tablet and controlled release floating capsule was developed and evaluated by in vivo bioavailability study. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for amoxicillin and clavulanic acid of the new therapeutic systems: AUCt, AUCi, (AUCt/AUCi), Cmax, Tmax, kel, T 1/2 and additionally for amoxicillin T 4 and T 2 were calculated from the plasma levels. The study confirmed enhanced pharmacokinetic parameters of a newly developed therapeutic system containing 1500mg of amoxicillin and 125mg of clavulanic acid. Prolonged time over MIC of amoxicillin in relation to a regular immediate release amoxicillin/clavulanate formulation was confirmed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the method (Narrative Processes Coding System) for studying the narrative sequences of individual psychotherapy developed by Angus and Hardtke (1994) can be applied in a family therapeutic process. According to the results narrative process coding system adds new dimensions and gives new depth in the narrative understanding of family therapeutic process. In micro-analytic interactional level it shows the complicated interactions between narration, plot, and narrative process type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological properties of preselected liposomal formulations of L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) were studied. Pharmacokinetics studies showed that encapsulation in large liposomes (sDRV; median diameter 1,249 nm) decreased the circulation time of the enzyme, whereas encapsulation in small liposomes (VET: median diameter 158-180 nm) prolonged it by a factor of up to 10. Liposome encapsulation in either VET or sDRV prevents the induction of anti-asparaginase antibodies and mitigates the anaphylatic reaction, as no death occurred in animals presensitized and challenged with liposomal formulation, in contrast to animals treated with the free enzyme. The antitumor activity was also enhanced by liposome encapsulation. The survival of animals bearing P1534 tumors was prolonged by a factor of 2 after treatment with selected liposomal formulations as compared with free enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O processo de desinstitucionalização prioriza a atenção em saúde mental nos serviços comunitários e o trabalho terapêutico em rede social. A partir da demanda do usuário e/ou família, é possível construir, nessa prática complexa, uma rede social de apoio articulada ao processo terapêutico, incluindo cuidados religiosos, e que funcione como sistema de amparo social em situação de sofrimento. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre essa construção e suas implicações para a clínica da atenção psicossocial. Percursos terapêuticos em diferentes países demonstram que existem, em diversos contextos culturais, pacientes que circulam entre os serviços oficiais de saúde e os cuidados religiosos. Essa situação se repete em usuários de uma clínica-escola pública brasileira onde se observa que eles parecem orientar-se por um pensamento sincrético que seria capaz de dar uma certa coerência tanto a múltiplos aspectos do sofrimento quanto à busca de diversos cuidados à saúde mental. A OMS tem adotado, nestas últimas décadas, uma postura de tendência inclusiva relativa aos serviços culturais de saúde. Esse fato reforça que é fundamental a ampliação de pesquisas sobre sistemas terapêuticos (oficial e cultural), como propõe Tobie Nathan. Numa rede de apoio, esses dois sistemas não estão em concorrência, mas em cooperação, e com a intenção de auxiliar, proteger e socorrer o usuário e/ou família que sofre. Essas interações podem estar ligadas à psicoterapia (complexa e dialógica), exigindo, assim, tanto uma atenção preventiva quanto uma certa margem de risco interativo.

O processo de desinstitucionalização prioriza a atenção em saúde mental nos serviços comunitários e o trabalho terapêutico em rede social. A partir da demanda do usuário e/ou família, é possível construir, nessa prática complexa, uma rede social de apoio articulada ao processo terapêutico, incluindo cuidados religiosos, e que funcione como sistema de amparo social em situação de sofrimento. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre essa construção e suas implicações para a clínica da atenção psicossocial. Percursos terapêuticos em diferentes países demonstram que existem, em diversos contextos culturais, pacientes que circulam entre os serviços oficiais de saúde e os cuidados religiosos. Essa situação se repete em usuários de uma clínica-escola pública brasileira onde se observa que eles parecem orientar-se por um pensamento sincrético que seria capaz de dar uma certa coerência tanto a múltiplos aspectos do sofrimento quanto à busca de diversos cuidados à saúde mental. A OMS tem adotado, nestas últimas décadas, uma postura de tendência inclusiva relativa aos serviços culturais de saúde. Esse fato reforça que é fundamental a ampliação de pesquisas sobre sistemas terapêuticos (oficial e cultural), como propõe Tobie Nathan. Numa rede de apoio, esses dois sistemas não estão em concorrência, mas em cooperação, e com a intenção de auxiliar, proteger e socorrer o usuário e/ou família que sofre. Essas interações podem estar ligadas à psicoterapia (complexa e dialógica), exigindo, assim, tanto uma atenção preventiva quanto uma certa margem de risco interativo.