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Investigating information on land cover changes is an indispensable task in studies related to the variation of the environment. Land cover changes can be monitored using multi-temporal satellite images at different scales. The commonly used method is the post-classification change detection which can figure out the replacement of a land cover by the others. However, the magnitude and dimension of the changes are not been always exploited. This study employs the mixture of categorical and radiometric change methods to investigate the relations between land cover classes and the change magnitude, the change direction of land covers. Applying the Change Vector Analysis (CVA) method and unsupervised classification for two Landsat images acquired at the same day of years in 2000 and in 2017 in Duy Tien district, the experimental results show that a low magnitude of change occurs in the largest area of direction I and direction IV regarding the increase of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), but the opposite trend of (Bare soil Index) BI in the rice field. Alternately, the high magnitude of change is seen in the build-up class which occupies the smallest area with 1700 ha. The characterized changes produced by the CVA method provide a picture of change dynamics of land cover over the period of 2000-2017 in the study area.

This article investigates the effect of academic majors on entrepreneurial intentions of engineering and business students. The research model was established based on the extension of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) through combining the TPB model, perceived risks, academic majors and personalities of students. A sample of 1844 students from the four largest universities in engineering and business in Vietnam were surveyed. The main findings indicated that (i) the relationship in the TPB model was accepted except the effect of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intentions; (ii) perceived risks have negative impacts on perceived behavioral control; (iii) male engineering students have a higher entrepreneurial intentions than female students, but this result was not found in business students; (iv) engineering students have a higher entrepreneurial intentions than business students; (vi) there are no differences between the entrepreneurial intention of students coming from rural and urban areas. The study also contributes to some policy discussion to extend the current debate about the role of academic majors that students take in university in the entrepreneurial process as well as the importance of entrepreneurial students to society.

In this knowledge-based era, intellectual property management (IPM) plays an important role in companies’ strategic decision-making process and contributes to firm performance. Textile and garment is one of the most crucial industries in Vietnam’s economy. Firms in this industry are, however, trapped in the lowest part of the U-shape international value chain, which creates small added value. One of the reasons for this stagnancy is the low capability of IPM. How does intellectual property management affect firm performance in Vietnam’s textile and garment industry? To address this question, we study three Vietnamese companies in the industry. We used the AIDA behavioural maturity model adopted from Kjaer (2009) to analyze the position of intellectual property management in those companies. We then provided some directions for Vietnam’s companies in the textile and garment industry.

The amazing proliferation of product choices as well as remarkable improvements in innovation activities during recent decades have become key driving forces of product differentiation, which is deemed as a sustainable competitive advantage of firms in technological-driven economy. The concept of product differentiation in this paper will be approached from innovation perspective, referring to capabilities of firms to enhance product quality, design, and unique features. In addition, firm performance is measured comprehensively through Balanced ScoreCard (BSC). Utilizing survey data from 158 JIEs operating in Vietnam, this study finds out the positive association between product differentiation and firm performance in both manufacturing and service industry. Unique product feature is examined to be the most important determinant of product differentiation affecting performance of JIEs, which should be prioritized in sustainable development of JIEs.

Network and firm performance is an interesting topic, attracting many scholars. There is a sizable body of research on the field. However, this paper is unique since (1) we approach firm performance under balanced scorecard framework, and (2) this is the first paper conducted in a developing context of Vietnam. Utilizing survey data from 158 firms operating in Vietnam, we found that network impacts positively on firm performance. The more network a firm has, the better financial performance, the more customer satisfies, and the more learning and growth of employees. The managerial implication is that firms should invest in building network with others at both individual level and organizational level.

Geographical Indications was conceptualized in the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in 1995 (TRIPs Agreement) and become one of the most contentious intellectual property rights issues in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other multiple treaties. The establishment of a multilateral system for the notification and the registration of Geographical Indications has been widely debated across the world in the last decades. The TRIPs mandates for the establishment of a multilateral system of notification and registration of GIs for WTO members. However, this new evolution has not been brought into effect even though it has been a decade since the first discussions on this issue at the Fourth WTO Ministerial Meeting in Doha in November 2001. At WIPO, the Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement on Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications signed in May 2015 enlarges the international registration system to GIs as defined by TRIPs, but the negotiations have not come to an end so far. After providing a brief background to the protection for Gis in WTO/TRIPs, the paper analyzes the multilateral notification and registration system mandated by TRIPs and the Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement and its potential impacts for the further development of GI protection globally.

Technology and innovation have been recognized as important and crucial to reducing poverty, generating wealth and bringing social progress for Vietnam. But the result is different in different sectors. Craft villages are composed mostly of small and micro household business characterized by family ownership and heavy involvement of the family members. Many clusters have achieved great success thank to applying innovation in production and business. What enabled small producers to introduce new technology into innovation process? How has new technology been developed, adapted and disseminated? There could be an investigation of innovation in informal micro and small enterprises with a view to offer alternatives. Actually, recent research shows changes in competitive capabilities, living conditions and the environment in informally organized craft villages. We propose to look at some examples of small-scale craft villages: Bat Trang and Duong Lieu in northern Vietnam. Both were identified as innovation industries based on the three common key elements: newness, value creation and innovative process.

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emphasizes the need to actively study the virome of unexplained respiratory diseases. We performed viral metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis of 91 nasal-throat swabs from individuals working with animals and with acute respiratory diseases. Fifteen virus RT-PCR-positive samples were included as controls, while the other 76 samples were RT-PCR negative for a wide panel of respiratory pathogens. Eukaryotic viruses detected by mNGS were then screened by PCR (using primers based on mNGS-derived contigs) in all samples to compare viral detection by mNGS versus PCR and assess the utility of mNGS in routine diagnostics. mNGS identified expected human rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, influenza A virus, coronavirus OC43, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A in 13 of 15 (86.7%) positive control samples. Additionally, rotavirus, torque teno virus, human papillomavirus, human betaherpesvirus 7, cyclovirus, vientovirus, gemycircularvirus, and statovirus were identified through mNGS. Notably, complete genomes of novel cyclovirus, gemycircularvirus, and statovirus were genetically characterized. Using PCR screening, the novel cyclovirus was additionally detected in 5 and the novel gemycircularvirus in 12 of the remaining samples included for mNGS analysis. Our studies therefore provide pioneering data of the virome of acute-respiratory diseases from individuals at risk of zoonotic infections. The mNGS protocol/pipeline applied here is sensitive for the detection of a variety of viruses, including novel ones. More frequent detections of the novel viruses by PCR than by mNGS on the same samples suggests that PCR remains the most sensitive diagnostic test for viruses whose genomes are known. The detection of novel viruses expands our understanding of the respiratory virome of animal-exposed humans and warrant further studies.