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Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) irradiation exhibits a sterilizing effect without causing thermal denaturation or leaving behind residual toxicants. CAP also has potential applications in various fields, including agriculture, leading to research efforts in recent years. This study investigated the effects of CAP on the seed germination rate of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), which typically has a low seed germination rate. Our results confirmed that irradiation with N2-CAP and Air-CAP significantly enhanced the germination rate of spinach seeds. Notably, we discovered that CAP irradiation promoted germination even in spinach seeds coated with a fungicide (thiuram) and a disinfectant (Captan), which are commonly used. Additionally, we examined whether the interval between CAP irradiation and the subsequent germination-induction treatment influenced the germination efficiency. We found that the germination-promoting effect of CAP on spinach seeds persisted for at least 30 days, demonstrating the high utility and practicality of CAP in the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These studies aimed to identify differences and similarities within the progeny of Rhizoctonia solani AG5, which arose from basidiospores produced by the maternal strain ID23. The following characteristics were analyzed: the appearance of the mycelium (color, structure, zonation, and presence of sclerotia), growth rate (at 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C), fungicide sensitivity, and hyphal structure. The mycelial color of R. solani AG5 ranged from white/cream to light and dark brown. The structure of the mycelium may be compacted or flattened with visible zoning or fluffy with dark brown sclerotia on the colony surface. Homokaryons and heterokaryons derived from homokaryons were analyzed by constructing a phylogenetic tree using morphological data. Single basidiospore-grown isolates formed a separate subclade, most of which were grouped with a maternal isolate; however, heterokaryons derived from them created a separate subclade. In addition, isolates grown in basidiospores germinated at low temperatures created their own group, but with some exceptions. This shows a divergence in the morphological parameters of the subsequent generations and within generations. The optimal temperature for growth was found to be between 20°C and 30°C. The exceptions were strains obtained from basidiospores that germinated at refrigerated temperatures. For these samples, 10°C was found to be the optimal growth temperature. The hyphae of homokaryons were characterized by branching at an almost right angle and a septum at the site of constriction of the branch itself. The mean diameter of hyphae ranged from 2.93–15.60 μm, depending on the age of the hyphae. The fungicidal compounds at a concentration of 10 ppm had no significant effect on the activity of the tested strains, whereas a tenfold increase in the dose reduced the growth ability of the tested isolates. The activity of fungicides containing azoxystrobin, thiuram, or thiophanate-methyl on R. solani resulted in a reduction in the mycelial growth rate only in the case of azoxystrobin and thiuram, and in some cases, it was completely inhibited (thiophanate-methyl).

A copper‐catalyzed efficient synthesis of alkynyl thioamides starting from tetraalkyl thiuram compounds (TMTM: tetramethyl thiuram monosulfide, TIBTM: tetraisobutyl thiuram monosulfide) and alkynes was reported. Thus, tetraalkyl thiurams reacted with alkynes smoothly, giving a variety of alkynyl thioamides promoted by CuI/Cs2CO3 system. This protocol features easy operation, inexpensive starting materials and good yields, illustrating its potential synthetic value for the synthesis of thioamides and their derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper-catalyzed direct C(sp2)–H sulfuration of aryl alkenes by using tetraalkylthiuram disulfides as sulfuration reagents has been developed. The reaction provides an efficient method for the synthesis of a variety of alkenyl dithiocarbamates, which are important structure motifs widely applied in materials, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinolines, especially 2-aminoquinolines, are highly important heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. 2-Aminoquinolines can be synthesized by stepwise construction of the quinoline ring followed by additional amination; however, this protocol is cumbersome. Here, we describe a [5+1]-cyclization of 2-vinylanilines with tetraalkylthiuram disulfides in the presence of iodine and copper(II) triflate. This reaction directly employs readily available and low-cost thiuram as both a C1 synthon and a nitrogen source, providing a facile approach to one-step syntheses of a variety of 2-aminoquinolines in good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition‐metal‐free synthesis of 3‐dithiocarbamyl chromones by reacting o‐hydroxyphenylenaminones with thiurams in the presence of KIO3 and TEMPO is reported. In addition, the 3‐dithiocarbamyl chromones synthesized herein have been successfully utilized as starting materials in the synthesis of 3‐dithiocarbamyl pyrimidines and 3‐(benzylthio)chromones via featured chromone ring opening and C−S bond cleavage, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new, efficient copper-catalyzed C(sp2)–S formation of phenyl dithiocarbamates starting from aryl iodides and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) was developed. The target compounds, phenyl dithiocarbamates with active sites, were synthesized smoothly in good to excellent yields. The easy performance, high yields, decent functional group compatibility, and cost-effective substrates make the protocol practical and attractive in C–S bond formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient three-component protocol for the synthesis of the 2-alkylthiobenzoazoles is described. Tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) cyclized with o -aminothiophenols, generating the intermediate 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles, and the successive C–S coupling with halogenated alkanes afforded a series of 2-alkyl-substituted thiobenzothiazoles smoothly in a one-pot process. This procedure could also be utilized for the preparation of 2-alkyl-substituted thiobenzoxazoles and 2-alkyl-substituted thiobenzimidazoles. Inexpensive and easily available starting materials, metal catalyst-free, broad substrate scope, and water as solvent are the features of this protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and simple synthesis of 1-thiocarbamoylindoles is reported in which 1 H -indoles react with tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) to give a series of 1-thiocarbamoylindoles that were obtained- in good to excellent yields. The procedure was promoted by Cs2 CO3 under transition-metal-free conditions and gives a simple entry to protected indoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The frequency of allergic contact dermatitis has significantly increased in healthcare workers since the transition from latex to synthetic rubber gloves, with 1,3‐diphenylguanidine being identified as the most frequently implicated allergen. Objectives: To highlight the role of 1,3‐diphenylguanidine as the culprit allergen in contact allergies to synthetic rubber gloves, to propose recommendations for patch testing, and to discuss alternatives for sensitized subjects. Materials and methods: Patch test data from healthcare workers who developed hand dermatitis after wearing rubber gloves and who reacted positively to glove samples and rubber additives were collected from September 2010 to December 2017 in a Belgian hospital. Results: A total of 44 caregivers were included in this study. Patch tests showed that: (a) 84% of the study population reacted positively to carba mix; (b) 86% reacted positively to 1,3‐diphenylguanidine; and (c) 13 (30%) reacted positively to thiuram mix. Half of the subjects reacted positively to gloves containing 1,3‐diphenylguanidine, whereas none reacted to accelerator‐free gloves. Conclusion: The most commonly identified allergen was 1,3‐diphenylguanidine, far ahead of thiurams, which were previously described as the most sensitizing accelerators. The use of 1,3‐diphenylguanidine‐free gloves is recommended. No subject reacted to gloves without accelerators, thus confirming their efficiency among accelerator‐sensitized patients. We recommend that 1,3‐diphenylguanidine be added to the European baseline series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Common pesticides used in the region by agricultural workers may cause contact allergy. Methods: Thirty agricultural workers with a history of pesticide exposure and dermatitis involving the face, neck, trunk or extremities, and 20 controls comprising 2 groups of 10 subjects each, group 1 with dermatitis and no exposure to pesticides, and group 2 with neither exposure to pesticides nor dermatitis, were patch tested with 10 pesticides commonly used in the region by use of the Finn Chamber method. Results: The 30 patients, 20 of whom were male, aged 30‐77 years, had dermatitis for 1 month to 18 years, with relapses and remissions. Seasonal exacerbation was present in 18 patients. Six patients attributed aggravation of their dermatitis to pesticide exposure, and 2 of these reacted positively to propiconazole. Positive patch test reactions to pesticides occurred in 10 patients, but not in controls. Thiuram was the commonest sensitizer (4 patients). Three patients were sensitized to propiconazole, and 2 patients reacted positively to metaldehyde. Formaldehyde, mercaptobenzothiazole, cypermethrin and isoproturon gave positive reactions in 1 patient each. Conclusion: The sensitizing potential of pesticides remains a concern. Apparently, pesticide contact dermatitis is more common than expected, but remains under‐reported, as the implicated pesticides vary across regions and according to the crop patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) is extensively cultivated as either an important spice and food additive or a source of essential oil crucial for the production of natural phenylpropanoids and terpenoids. It is frequently attacked by fungal diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the impact of thiuram contact time on the uptake of manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead by Ocimum basilicum L . The relevant plant physiological parameters were also investigated. Two farmland soils typical for the Polish rural environment were used. Studies involved soil analyses, bioavailable, and total forms for all investigated metals, chlorophyll content, and gas exchange. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine concentration of all elements. Analysis of variance proved hypothesis that thiuram treatment of basil significantly influences metal transfer from soil and their concentration in roots and aboveground parts. This effect is mostly visible on the 14th day after the fungicide administration. Thiuram modifies mycoflora in the rhizosphere zone and subsequently affects either metal uptake from the soil environment or their further migration within the basil plant. Notable, those changes are more evident for basil planted in mineral soil as compared to organic soil with higher buffering capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moreover, the PHMB-containing skin care product may have contributed to the hand dermatitis.8 However, the strong relapse with facial dermatitis after avoidance of most other potential allergen sources points towards the rubber additives as major cause of ACD. Occupational contact dermatitis in mechanics and repairers referred for patch testing: retrospective analysis from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group 1998-2014. Keywords: airborne; allergic contact dermatitis; case report; N-dimethyl-1,3 butyl-N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine; N-isopropyl-N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine; occupational; polyhexamethylene biguanide; rubber; thiuram; tyre EN airborne allergic contact dermatitis case report N-dimethyl-1,3 butyl-N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine N-isopropyl-N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine occupational polyhexamethylene biguanide rubber thiuram tyre 588 589 2 10/22/21 20211101 NES 211101 Car mechanics are exposed to various contact allergens at work.1,2 Here, we present the case of a car mechanic with partially airborne allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to rubber additives. [Extracted from the article]

Background Vulcanization of rubber changes its allergen pattern. Objectives To estimate the contact allergic reactivity profile of users of finished rubber products. Methods Twenty-four patients with known contact allergy to rubber accelerators were patch tested with 21 compounds found in chemical analyses of vulcanized rubber products. No diphenylguanidine, p-phenylenediamine antioxidants or thioureas were included in the study. Results Thiuram monosulfides formed during vulcanization showed generally stronger test reactions than the corresponding thiuram disulfides. We also obtained more positive thiuram reactions to the monosulfides than to the disulfides. A positive reaction to a dithiocarbamate was accompanied by a positive reaction to the corresponding thiuram, except for 1 patient. The nitrogen substituents showed only minor differences between the methyl, ethyl and pentamethylene groups, but the butyl derivatives gave, in most cases, a negative response. Dialkylthiocarbamyl benzothiazole sulfides, formed between thiurams and mercaptobenzothiazoles during vulcanization, showed strong test reactions in almost all patients who were sensitive to dithiocarbamates, thiurams, or mercaptobenzothiazoles. Conclusions We found thiuram monosulfides to be better markers of thiuram sensitivity than the corresponding disulfides or dithiocarbamates. Surprisingly, the dialkylthiocarbamyl benzothiazole sulfides were good markers of both thiuram and mercaptobenzothiazole sensitivity. This is an unexpected finding that needs to be confirmed in a larger study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate ( IPBC) is a preservative that may cause contact allergy. The first cases were reported in 1997, and IPBC is currently included in our extended European baseline series in Denmark. Objectives To assess trends during the period 2000-2011 concerning IPBC allergy in Denmark, and to address the question of the significance of concomitant reactions to the thiuram mix. Patients/materials/methods Nine thousand seven hundred and fifty-five (6449 female; 3306 male) patients were patch tested with IPBC and the European baseline series at Gentofte Hospital during 2000-2011. The results were registered in an anonymized database, and analyzed with spss™. Results Fifty-four cases of IPBC contact allergy were detected. A significant rising trend during 2000-2011 was observed, with no significant changes during 2006-2011. MOAHLFA index analysis showed that IPBC contact allergy was, in our cohort, significantly more prevalent among male patients, occupational, related to hand eczema, and more frequent among patients over 40 years old. A significant relationship between IPBC and thiuram mix allergy was found. Conclusions IPBC continues to be among the less frequent allergens. A 0.2% concentration in patch testing has contributed to the diagnosis of more sensitizations to this substance. Further studies are needed to clarify the reason for the over-representation of thiuram allergy in patients sensitized to IPBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A simple, sensitive, precise, and rapid planar chromatographic method for thiuram analysis was elaborated. Reaction between iodine and azide ions induced by thiuram was applied as a detection system. The developed plates were sprayed with freshly prepared mixtures of sodium azide and starch solution adjusted to pH 6.0, and exposed to iodine vapor. The spots became visible as white spots on a violet-grey background. The iodine-azide detection system was proved to be the most favorable and enabled detection of quantities at the level 0.5 pmol per spot. The iodine-azide test was compared with other visualizing techniques commonly used in planar chromatography: iodine vapor, UV254, Cu(II). Certain factors that influence detection with iodine-azide reaction as a detection system were checked. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 2-9 pmol per spot. The proposed technique was applied to detect thiuram in food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is a continuation of previous studies on the effects of fungicides on the uptake of trace elements by herbs [1, 2]. Copper, zinc and manganese content was determined in Valeriana officinalis grown in the soil free from additives and in the soil sprayed with thiuram. The content of bioavailable forms of these elements was established in pure soil and in the soil with fungicide addition. The introductory part of the work involves the analysis of the soil used for study (determination of organic matter content, pH, mechanical analysis, total content of Cu, Zn and Mn). The analysis showed that the soil used for the study was not contaminated with any of the examined elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and its disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD), are rubber accelerators and contact allergens that cross-react in some individuals. Objective: This study explored potential protein haptenation mechanisms of ZDEC and its oxidation products. Methods: ZDEC oxidation/reduction products and sites of protein binding were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) was employed to probe haptenation mechanisms of ZDEC by examining its allergenicity along with its oxidation products and through elimination of oxidation and chelation mechanisms by substituting cobalt for zinc [cobalt (II) dithiocarbamate, CoDEC]. Results: Oxidation of ZDEC by hypochlorous acid (bleach, HOCl), iodine, or hydrogen peroxide resulted in production of TETD, tetraethylthiocarbamoyl disulfide, and tetraethyldicarbamoyl disulfide (TEDCD). Albumin thiols reduced TETD with subsequent mixed disulfide formation/haptenation. ZDEC directly chelated the copper ion on the active site of the superoxide dismutase, whereas CoDEC did not bind to Cu proteins or form mixed disulfides with free thiols. ZDEC, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, TEDCD, and TETD were all positive in the LLNA except CoDEC, which was non-allergenic. Conclusion: The thiol is the critical functional group in ZDEC’s allergenicity, and haptenation is predominantly through chelation of metalloproteins and formation of mixed disulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) has members who assess subjects with suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and patch tests them with the same screening allergens using a standardized procedure permitting analysis of long-term trends in patch test reactions. Objective: This study reports the trends in prevalence patch test positivity of allergens by pooling data collected by the NACDG between 1970 and 2002. Patients/Methods: Patients were tested with the screening series of allergens, using a standardized technique. Data from these patients were recorded on a standard computer entry form and analysed. More than 100 allergens were tested on over 34 000 patients during several patch studies between the period. The Cochran-Armitage test of trend is used to evaluate changes in prevalence over time. Results: 4 trends are noticed: (1) The incidence of presumed allergic nickel ( P < 0.0001) and quaternium-15 ( P < 0.0001) reactions rose with consistency over the years. (2) While that of cinnamic aldehyde ( P = 0.21) and p-phenylenediamine ( P < 0.0001) decreased. (3) The prevalence of positive reactions for potassium dichromate ( P < 0.0001) shows an initial steady decrease but then a sharp increase starting from the 1996 period. (4) In contrast, thiuram ( P = 0.0008) and neomycin ( P < 0.0001) show an initial general increase, with a sharp decrease between 1998 and 2002. Conclusion: Implications for opportunities to prevent ACD by utilizing less-allergenic alternatives appear robust; however, we do not wish to over generalize interpretations because of important limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Not many studies on pesticide allergic contact dermatitis are available from Himachal Pradesh (India). Objective: We studied the role of commonly used pesticides in causing allergic contact dermatitis in fruit and vegetable farmers in the region. Methods: 30 fruit and vegetable farmer patients having dermatitis involving face, neck, hands, and feet and 20 controls comprising 2 groups of 10 subjects each: Group-1 had history of exposure to pesticides but no dermatitis and Group-2 having neither dermatitis nor history of exposure to pesticides, were patch tested with 10 most common pesticides used in the region. Results and Conclusion: These 30 patients (M : F 21 : 9) were between 22–81 years of age having dermatitis for 4 days to 20 years with relapses and remissions. 21 patients had seasonal exacerbation. 10 patients attributed exacerbation of dermatitis to exposure to pesticides. Positive patch test reactions from pesticides were observed in 8 patients only. Captan was the most common sensitizer (5 patients), 2 patients were sensitive to propargite. Chlorpyrifos, tree spray oil and thiuram gave positive reaction in 1 patient each. 3 controls from Group-1 showed positive reactions to multiple pesticides. Pesticide related contact dermatitis appears more common than expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic contact dermatitis to rubber is caused by residues of chemicals used in manufacturing a rubber product. Several different additives are used to achieve a final product of the desired characteristics. Accelerators such as thiurams, dithiocarbamates, and mercaptobenzothiazoles are often among the additives responsible for allergic reactions recognized by dermatologists. The chemistry of the vulcanization process is complicated; as it occurs at an elevated temperature with a mixture of reactive chemicals, the compositions of the initial and final products differ. This paper investigates the changes in composition of common allergens during vulcanization, doing so by chemically analysing various rubber formulations at different stages of the process. Major changes were found in which added chemicals were consumed and new ones produced. An important observation is that thiuram disulfides rarely appear in the final rubber although they may have been used as additives. Instead, thiurams are often converted to dithiocarbamates or to products formed by addition to mercaptobenzothiazole structures, if these have been used together with thiurams as accelerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: allergic contact dermatitis; carbamates; case report; elastic bands; FFP2 mask; thiuram EN allergic contact dermatitis carbamates case report elastic bands FFP2 mask thiuram 168 169 2 07/27/20 20200801 NES 200801 CASE REPORT A 43-year-old nonatopic woman, working as a hospital cleaner, was referred to our contact eczema department with face and neck dermatitis developing since 20 days ago. Skin barrier dysfunction and potential skin microbiota dysbalance on the face might make patients more vulnerable to side effects from the masks.2 Acne and rosacea patients are the most vulnerable to developing skin reactions to protective equipment. [Extracted from the article]

In this work the effects of thiuram on the uptake of lead and copper by lemon balm ( Melissa officinalis) were examined. Thiuram (tetramethylthiuram disulphide) is used as a fungicide to protect seeds, fruit, vegetables, ornamentals, turf crops, and herbs from a variety of fungal diseases. The preliminary investigation involved soil analyses (content of organic substances, acidity, total lead and copper, exchangeable and bioavailable forms, and mechanical analysis). The analysis showed that the soil used for the study was not contaminated with lead or copper. In this work the amounts of lead and copper were determined in roots and above-ground parts of: (a) plants untreated with thiuram; (b) plants which were sprayed with thiuram (3 mg per pot). It was found that thiuram influences the amount of lead and copper accumulated in the plant. The treatment of the plants with thiuram caused an increase of the content of lead in the roots (65, 75 days with fungicide) and reduction of lead in the above-ground parts. The addition of the fungicide caused a drop in the content of Cu in the roots, while the content of Cu in the above-ground parts decreased slightly (65, 75 days with fungicide). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retesting with an allergen at a site with previous allergic contact dermatitis has been shown to enhance reactivity. It has been suggested that retesting with a cross-reactive allergen will also induce hyperreactivity. Concurrent sensitization to more than 1 thiuram is common, but whether this is due to concomitant primary sensitization or cross-reactivity is uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of retesting to distinguish between concomitant sensitization and cross-reactivity in the rubber chemicals tetraethylthiuram disulphide (TETD) and tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD). There was a non-significant trend towards enhanced reactivity for both TETD and TMTD when testing in an area with previous allergic contact dermatitis due to TETD. Cross-reactivity between the 2 chemicals is likely, but a definite conclusion from this pilot study is not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) affects millions of people worldwide. In an attempt to decrease the incidence of contact dermatitis, several countries have implemented legislations to reduce the population''s exposure to known sensitizers. To determine whether these legislations have been effective, we reviewed several studies examining trends in patch test reactivity before and after implementation of these legislations. Common sensitizers studied include nickel, gluceryl monothioglycolate fragrances, chromate, and thiuram. Overall, the evidence suggests a decreasing trend of ACD with appropriate formulation changes, however some of the data may be confounded by biases, and additionally, exposure to the sensitizer may still exist via non-compliance to regulations by small manufacturers. In the future population based studies should be conducted to more accurately assess trends in ACD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Data about the impact of allergic contact dermatitis in food processing occupations are scarce. The objective of this study was to identify the most frequent allergens and sensitization profiles in employees of the food processing industry. The results of patch testing performed in 873 bakers, cooks and butchers suspected of having occupational allergic contact dermatitis from 33 dermatological departments of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) from 1992 to 1999 were analysed. A final diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis was made in 213 patients (24.4%). Qualitative and quantitative differences in allergen profiles could be identified. Significantly higher sensitization rates were found in employees in the food processing industry, compared to the total test population, for nickel sulphate (22.4% versus 17.2%, p < 0.0005), thiuram mix (4.9% versus 2.6%, p < 0.0005), formaldehyde (3.5% versus 2.1%, p < 0.005) and Compositae mix (6.2%, p < 0.0005). Significantly lower sensitization rates were found for thimerosal (4.5% versus 6.9%, p < 0.05). For patch testing in food workers, we recommend the standard, the rubber and the Compositae series, as well as patients' own products according to the individual history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Follow-up at 3 months showed complete resolution of eczema without treatment, as well as the absence of new eczematous lesions. 3 Cravo M, Gonçalo M, Figueiredo A. Allergic contact dermatitis to rubber-containing bandages in patients with leg ulcers. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a case study of a 49-year-old male carpenter who experienced dermatitis on the hands and wrists for the past 20 years. It mentions the use of elastic tubular nets and bandages on various medical procedures undertaken by the patient. It also points out the association between thiuram and allergic contact dermatitis.

The article presents a case study of a 48-year-old woman which was presented with periorbital dermatitis which is related to her work as a theater nurse. It states that based on the patch test the things she uses are not the reason of her dermatitis. It says that the woman is suffering from airborne contact dermatitis which was brought by rubber chemicals or nitrile in her workplace.

The results of investigations on the fungus resistance of organosilicon sealants, specifically Viksint U-4-21 and Viksint U-2-28, are presented. It is shown that the introduction of 0.1 wt % of the antiseptic additive thiuram into the sealant formulation does not affect their main operational properties and enhances fungus resistance of the sealants up to 1 point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case report of linear lichenified nodules in a case of thiuram allergy in a 57-year-old Afro-Caribbean man with hand rashes and nodules. The paper provides information on the patient's medical history, clinical presentation of the disease, results of medical examinations and treatment and management of the disease.

The article presents a case study on allergic reactions to rubber gloves. Seven operation-room employees were evaluated in the study. All respondents complained about the same occupational hand dermatitis symptoms. After diagnostic patch tests, the patients showed positive reaction to 1,3-diphenylguanidine, a rubber additive.

Reports on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in 191 consecutively patch tested children in Great Britain. Prevalence of ACD; Identification of allergens particularly relevant to childhood ACD.

Presents a case report on contact allergy to thiuram in a 12-year-old musician. Medical background of the patient; Clinical presentation of the disease; Diagnosis and treatment.