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Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by short stature with delayed bone age, retarded speech development, intellectual disability and dysmorphic facial features. Recently, dominant mutations almost exclusively clustered in the final exon of the Snf2-related CREBBP activator protein (SRCAP) gene were identified to cause FHS. Here, we report a boy with short stature, speech delay, mild intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and with genetically confirmed FHS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecularly confirmed case with this syndrome reported in Romania. An intensive program of cognitive and speech stimulation, as well as yearly neurological, psychological, ophthalmological, otorhinolaryngological, pediatric and endocrinological monitoring for our patient were designed. We propose a checklist of clinical features suggestive of FHS, based on the main clinical features, in order to facilitate the diagnosis and clinical management of this rare condition.

Alexandre Rey,1 Martin Thoenes,1,2 Rolf Fimmers,3 Christoph A Meier,4 Peter Bramlage51Sanofi Aventis, Medical Department, Meyrin, Switzerland; 2Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Germany; 3Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Informatik und Epidemiologie, Universität Bonn, Germany; 4Klinik für Innere Medizin, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland; 5Institut für Pharmakologie und präventive Medizin, Mahlow, GermanyBackground: Diabetes represents one of the major health challenges in Switzerland, and early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory to prevent or delay diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. For the purpose of identifying affected individuals, early screening in pharmacies is a valuable option. In this survey, we aimed to determine blood glucose and metabolic control in an unselected population of individuals visiting Swiss pharmacies.Methods: The subjects responded to a short questionnaire and underwent a single capillary blood glucose test for screening purposes. They were classified as normal, indeterminate, impaired fasting glucose, and diabetes according to predefined blood glucose levels.Results: A total of 3135 individuals (mean age 56 years) in 18 cantons were screened in November 2010; of these, 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5–4.9) had previously been diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes was newly diagnosed in 1.9% (95% CI 1.5–2.4), and 11.5% (95% CI 10.4–12.6) had impaired fasting glucose. Subjects with impaired glucose control had an increased body mass index, a frequent family history of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and a low level of physical activity. Prevalence of impaired glucose control was different between the French/Italian-speaking part of Switzerland (new diabetes 4.9%; impaired fasting glucose 12.7%) and the German-speaking part (new diabetes 1.9%; impaired fasting glucose 10.3%).Conclusion: Our study shows a 6.1% prevalence of diabetes, of which about a third (1.9%) was previously undiagnosed, and 11.5% had impaired fasting glucose. Therefore, screening initiatives in pharmacies may be suitable for detecting people with undiagnosed diabetes.Keywords: diabetes, pharmacy, epidemiology, screening

Objective: High blood pressure (BP) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Effective antihypertensive pharmacotherapy is available but recognition and proper management of hypertension and BP goal achievement is still poor. Therefore, it was hypothesized that physicians' attitude towards high BP, as well as patients' perception and knowledge, may influence actual management of hypertension.Research Design and Methods: Telephone interviews were carried out with a random sample of 1259 primary care physicians in 17 countries worldwide from 12 December 2005 to 13 January 2006 using a central computer assisted telephone interview methodology (CATI).Results: (1) Physicians believed that 62 +/- 21% of their patients had their BP controlled. (2) They were mostly in line with guideline recommended BP goals and 96% were aware of the elevated cardiovascular risk of hypertension, but 41% aimed to reduce BP to acceptable levels only. (3) Physicians indicated that in 41% of patients monotherapy controls BP and 71% would escalate to combination therapy after monotherapy failure. (4) 54% regard hypertension management as difficult. (5) Physicians estimated that between 60 and 70% of patients know their BP goal but thought that there was still room for improvement of hypertension management on the patient side.Conclusion: Although many effective treatment options for arterial hypertension exist, BP goal achievement worldwide is suboptimal, leaving patients at an unnecessary cardiovascular risk. An increase in patients' awareness and compliance together with an increased adherence of physicians to current guidelines should help in reducing the long term cardiovascular consequences of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors leading to an increased risk for the subsequent development of diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Blocking the renin-angiotensin system has been shown to prevent cardiovascular disease and delay the onset of diabetes. Irbesartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) which has been shown to possess peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activating properties, and to have a favorable metabolic profile. Current discussion is whether the addition of small doses of hydrochlorothiazide changes this profile. Therefore the efficacy, safety and metabolic profile of Irbesartan either as monotherapy or in combination therapy was assessed in patients with the metabolic syndrome in a large observational cohort in primary care. Research design and methods Multicenter, prospective, two-armed, post authorization study over 9 months in 14,200 patients with uncontrolled hypertension with and without the metabolic syndrome (doctors' diagnosis based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria 2001). Blood pressure was measured sphygmomanometrically and cardiovascular risk factors making up the criteria for the metabolic syndrome were assessed. Main outcome measures Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure reduction, – response, and – normalization (systolic and diastolic), changes in fasting glucose, waist circumference (abdominal obesity), serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol as well as the proportion of patients fulfilling the criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Number and nature of adverse events (AEs). Results After 9 month the use of Irbesartan in monotherapy resulted in a significant reduction of blood pressure (SBP: -26.3 ± 10.1 mmHg/DBP-13.0 ± 6.6 mmHg, both p < 0.0001) in patients with the metabolic syndrome. This was accompanied by a reduction in cardiovascular risk factors: HDL cholesterol (+3.6 ± 7.2 mg/dl in men, +3.8 ± 6.5 mg/dl in women, both p < 0.0001), serum triglycerides (-28.6 ± 52.1 mg/dl, p < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose (-8.4 ± 25.1 mg/dl, p < 0.0001) and waist circumference (-2.4 ± 11.9 cm in men, -1.2 ± 14.2 in women, both p < 0.0001) were significantly improved. Irbesartan combination therapy (12.5 mg HCTZ) in patients with the metabolic syndrome: blood pressure reduction (SBP: -27.5 ± 10.1 mmHg/DBP: -14.1 ± 6.6 mmHg, both p < 0.0001), improvement in HDL cholesterol (+4.0 ± 6.8 mg/dl in men, +3.4 ± 6.8 in women, both p < 0.0001), triglycerides (-34.1 ± 52.6 mg/dl, p < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose (-10.0 ± 24.7, p < 0.0001) and waist circumference (-3.2 ± 12.7 cm in men, -1.7 ± 14.4 in women, both p < 0.0001). Tolerability was excellent: only 0.6% of patients experienced an AE. Conclusion There was a significant improvement in blood pressure and metabolic risk factors as a result of Irbesartan treatment. There was no evidence of a difference between monotherapy and combination therapy with regard to the cardiovascular risk profile.

Introduction: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are fundamental for identifying loci associated with diseases. However, they require replication in other ethnicities., Methods: We performed GWAS on sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) including 539 patients and 854 controls from Argentina and Chile. We combined our results with those from the European Alzheimer and Dementia Biobank (EADB) in a meta-analysis and tested their genetic risk score (GRS) performance in this admixed population., Results: We detected apolipoprotein E ε4 as the single genome-wide significant signal (odds ratio  = 2.93 [2.37-3.63], P = 2.6 × 10 -23 ). The meta-analysis with EADB summary statistics revealed four new loci reaching GWAS significance. Functional annotations of these loci implicated endosome/lysosomal function. Finally, the AD-GRS presented a similar performance in these populations, despite the score diminished when the Native American ancestry rose., Discussion: We report the first GWAS on AD in a population from South America. It shows shared genetics modulating AD risk between the European and these admixed populations., Highlights: This is the first genome-wide association study on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a population sample from Argentina and Chile. Trans-ethnic meta-analysis reveals four new loci involving lysosomal function in AD. This is the first independent replication for TREM2L, IGH-gene-cluster, and ADAM17 loci. A genetic risk score (GRS) developed in Europeans performed well in this population. The higher the Native American ancestry the lower the GRS values., (© 2023 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)