44 results on '"Thomann KD"'
Search Results
2. [From the Assessment Section of the German Society for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery in collaboration with the German Society for Neuroscientific Assessment (DGNB) : Assessment recommendations for musculoskeletal injury consequences in private accident insurance].
- Author
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Schiltenwolf M, Dresing K, Eckert J, Eyfferth T, Gaidzik PW, Grotz M, Lundin S, Thomann KD, Widder B, and Zeichen J
- Subjects
- Humans, Germany, Orthopedics, Societies, Medical, Musculoskeletal System injuries, Musculoskeletal System surgery, Acute Care Surgery, Insurance, Accident
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. [Development and current recommendations on the assessment of disability in private accident insurance].
- Author
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Expert Testimony, Accidents, Germany, Insurance, Accident, Disability Evaluation
- Abstract
Private accident insurance complements the offer provided by statutory accident insurance in Germany. Private accident insurance can be taken out on a voluntary basis with private insurance companies. The amount of compensation paid in the event of accidents is subject to the dismemberment schedule (Gliedertaxe) and the permanent impairment of the physical or mental capacity, which is to be determined by a medical practitioner. The essay describes the development of the medical recommendations for assessing disability from the origins of private accident insurance in the 19th century to the present. It also considers individual scientific articles from medial personalities and the importance of accident surgery and orthopaedic specialist societies for the development of relevant assessment criteria and disability tables (Invaliditätstabellen) of private accident insurance., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.) more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. [What are the principles for measurement and estimation of accident sequelae? : Development and function of the reduction in earning capacity (MdE) tables in the statutory accident insurance].
- Author
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Humans, Accidents, Employment, Causality, Insurance, Accident, Expert Testimony
- Abstract
The evaluation of permanent dysfunction after injuries to the musculoskeletal system is one of the core activities of a trauma surgeon and orthopedists. Based on the knowledge of the injury and an accurate description of the dysfunction, the medical expert then makes a proposal regarding the amount of the reduction in earning capacity (Minderung der Erwerbsfähigkeit, MdE). The amount is based on the MdE tables, which have been derived from a decade-long harmonization and coordination between administrative authorities, courts and the medical profession. They have been published in the fundamental guidelines for evaluation. Individual recommendations are subject to change; however, the benchmark figures for amputations have not changed significantly since the introduction of the statutory accident insurance in 1884, although the treatment with prostheses has continuously improved. The benchmark for the MdE is the labor market which becomes unavailable to the insured person due to the dysfunction. In the Social Code for Employment Accident Insurance (Sozialgesetzbuch für die Unfallversicherung, SGB VII), the reduction in earning capacity is defined and the amount "… is based on the extent to which job opportunities are available as a result of the impairment of the physical and mental capacity across the entire area of the working life". The article traces the history of this central instrument for measuring the sequelae of accidents. In this context it is shown that the MdE values did not in fact arise concurrently with the introduction of statutory accident insurance at the end of the nineteenth century but date back to the millennia-old principle of the law of talion (ius talionis). This is the basic form of material civil liability law, according to which the injuring party must compensate the injured party in the case of a culpable impairment of health for the resulting material loss. Here the loss of earnings, the impairment of the capacity to work or, in other words, the reduction in earning capacity is of paramount importance. In the middle of the nineteenth century, private accident insurers developed dismemberment schedules based on the principle of ius talionis. These dismemberment schedules were adopted by the professional organizations after 1884. The highest competent instance for social security matters, which was the Imperial Insurance Office (Reichsversicherungsamt), redefined the dismemberment schedules: the values for the dismemberment schedules then became the benchmark for the reduction of capacity to work (Erwerbsminderung, EM) and subsequently the reduction in earning capacity (MdE). The fact that the MdE values have remained stable over more than 100 years support the view that they not only grant legal certainty but are also regarded as appropriate and fair by both the persons affected and society., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.) more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. [Not Available].
- Author
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Documentation standards, Germany, Contracts legislation & jurisprudence, Contracts standards, Expert Testimony legislation & jurisprudence, Expert Testimony standards, Quality Assurance, Health Care legislation & jurisprudence, Quality Assurance, Health Care standards
- Published
- 2016
6. [Loading and performance capacity after immobilization operations of the spine].
- Author
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Thomann KD, Rauschmann M, Horn S, and Grosser V
- Subjects
- Germany, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Disability Evaluation, Immobilization methods, Outcome Assessment, Health Care methods, Recovery of Function, Spinal Diseases diagnosis, Spinal Diseases surgery, Spinal Fusion methods
- Abstract
Background: The results of spondylodesis depend on various medical and non-medical factors. Prerequisites for a good functional result are a well-founded assessment of the indications and a technically successful execution of the intervention. Furthermore, non-medical factors also play an important role., Appraisal: Attention must be paid to personal context factors and environmental conditions. In addition to psychological disorders and social background conditions, the economic considerations of the patient and expected pension payments influence the desire and willingness to return to gainful employment., Asessment: Based on the physical findings, the criteria for assessment of the suitability for old-age pension insurance, the reduction in earning capacity for the obligatory social insurance and establishment of the severity of the resulting impairment/handicap according to the Social Compensation Act and the Act for the Severely Handicapped (Social Act IX) in Germany are systematically presented. more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. [Conclusion].
- Author
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Humans, Accidents legislation & jurisprudence, Expert Testimony legislation & jurisprudence, Insurance, Accident legislation & jurisprudence, National Health Programs legislation & jurisprudence, Wounds and Injuries diagnosis
- Published
- 2014
8. [The professional medical opinion: structure, content, statement (II). Part 2 of the article series: accidental bodily injury: principles of assessment].
- Author
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, Humans, Wounds and Injuries classification, Accidents classification, Disability Evaluation, Documentation methods, Expert Testimony methods, Physical Examination methods, Severity of Illness Index, Wounds and Injuries diagnosis
- Published
- 2014
9. [Structure, contents and findings of an expert report prepared by a medical professional (I)].
- Author
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Germany, Humans, Malingering diagnosis, Medical History Taking, Medical Records legislation & jurisprudence, Somatoform Disorders diagnosis, Accidents legislation & jurisprudence, Expert Testimony legislation & jurisprudence, Insurance, Accident legislation & jurisprudence, National Health Programs legislation & jurisprudence, Wounds and Injuries diagnosis
- Abstract
The second section in this report on accident-related injuries is concerned with the development and result of the report. Criteria which are generally valid for the preparation of the expert report are developed. The priorities here are the previous history obtained from the medical files, the accident report, description of injuries and pain, determination of the result, evaluation of diagrams and procedures and the diagnoses emerging from the overall picture. Results are assessed in line with the scientific reference literature. The standardised method of result determination and the assessment improve the quality of the expert report. The second section is intended for experts and insurance company employees. more...
- Published
- 2013
10. [Insurance fraud -- a problem in personal insurance].
- Author
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, Humans, Fraud legislation & jurisprudence, Fraud trends, Insurance, Health legislation & jurisprudence, Insurance, Health trends, Private Sector legislation & jurisprudence, Private Sector trends
- Published
- 2013
11. [Preparation and assignment of medical reports: basis for settlement of compensation claims].
- Author
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, Compensation and Redress, Documentation methods, Insurance Claim Review organization & administration, Negotiating methods, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Abstract
Medical reporting represents an essential element in the settlement of personal claims. Moreover, the report prepares the basis for determing the compensation which is appropriate to the injury. The practice of instructing the expert medical assessor to obtain the medical documents required has proved a failure and causes delays in completion of the report. The doctor who is the expert medical assessor is often unsuccessful in obtaining these vital documents. In doubtful cases the expert will deliver his report without access to the vital documents. Incomplete reports affect the settlement adversely and promote unnecessary legal disputes. Many errors can be avoided if the officials of the relevant insurance company prepare the report assignment carefully. Such preparation includes clarification of the accident circumstances, requests for copies of the primary diagnosis and requests for hospital and medical reports, including full details of surgery carried out. Printouts of the daily reports by the doctors involved are also required. Of course these doctors must be released from the obligation to treat medical records confidentially. Furthermore, if the original documents are used, results of the injury which may seem insignificant will not be overlooked. The report assignment and primary medical documents should be sent to the medical assessor at the same time. The report assignment contains a detailed questionnaire which takes into account the particular aspects of the individual claim. more...
- Published
- 2011
12. [Deformities following spinal injury at the thoracolumbar junction].
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Schmidt S, Thomann KD, and Rauschmann M
- Subjects
- Humans, Kyphosis diagnosis, Spinal Injuries diagnosis, Kyphosis etiology, Kyphosis surgery, Spinal Injuries complications, Spinal Injuries surgery, Thoracic Vertebrae injuries, Thoracic Vertebrae surgery
- Abstract
Due to anatomical characteristics, posttraumatic deformities following spinal injury occur in particular at the transition from the flexible lumbar spine to the rigid thoracic spine. Incorrectly classified vertebral body fractures can lead to the development of posttraumatic kyphosis due to incorrect treatment. It is likewise important to evaluate the integrity of adjacent discs and assess the sagittal index. Management of kyphosis is difficult and requires radiological evaluation following exact planning. Reconstruction of the sagittal anatomical contour is crucial to prevent stress in the compensatory curves. Performing a dorso-ventral or dorso-ventro-dorsal approach, pedicle subtraction osteotomy or an eggshell procedure is also helpful to achieve good correction without anterior reconstructive surgery. The clinical result is not dependent on correct repositioning alone; poor results can be expected in cases with pseudarthrosis, neurological deficits and severe kyphotic deformities. This article gives an overview of pathogenesis, diagnostic steps and therapeutic options for corrective spinal surgery. more...
- Published
- 2010
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13. [Expert appraisal of spinal injuries].
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Thomann KD, Grosser V, and Rauschmann M
- Subjects
- Germany, Humans, Disability Evaluation, Spinal Injuries classification, Spinal Injuries diagnosis
- Abstract
Appraisals and expert opinions of clearly identified injuries of the spine, ranging from fractures and dislocations to intervertebral disc ruptures and haemorrhage into soft tissue are generally unproblematic. The residual functional deficit is commensurate with the extent of damage. However, differences between the patient's symptoms and objective findings can be unrelated to the injury, and are often explained by the actual compensation process or other psychological/psychosocial factors. The current article discusses a basis for providing expert medical opinions, as well as a number of practical tips on the German medical insurance system. Particular attention is paid to expert opinions on causality. The article also includes information on the evaluation of structural injuries to the spine on the basis of assessment criteria that have proven to be reliable and authoritative in recent decades. more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. ["Isolated injury" of the alar ligaments: MRI diagnosis and surgical therapy].
- Author
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Thomann KD, Schomerus C, Sebestény T, and Rauschmann M
- Subjects
- Humans, Ligaments pathology, Ligaments surgery, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Whiplash Injuries diagnosis, Whiplash Injuries surgery
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Spinal distortions caused by traffic collisions play a large role in medical expert opinions. Prolonged or chronic conditions present particular difficulties. The radiologist E. Volle developed and published a system for the classification of isolated injuries of the alar ligaments. As a result, surgery on the craniocervical junction was carried out in a large number of patients and the results published on multiple occasions. This article describes the anatomy of the alar ligaments, complicated injuries, the concept of the isolated lesion of the alar ligaments and their surgical management. German and international publications are evaluated., Result: It was impossible to substantiate isolated injuries to alar ligaments. According to current knowledge, the published results are based on a misinterpretation of MRI findings. These results are to be considered as artefacts. There is no anatomical correlation for the classification of isolated injuries to alar ligaments. Surgical stabilisation due to an allegedly isolated injury to the alar ligaments is therefore not indicated. This statement does not apply to injuries sustained in high-speed trauma in combination with complex injuries of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-dental-joint (joint capsules, atlanto-occipital membrane) with clear signs of instability. more...
- Published
- 2010
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15. [Spinal injuries from an assessment viewpoint].
- Author
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Thomann KD and Rauschmann MA
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Germany, Humans, Disability Evaluation, Spinal Injuries classification, Spinal Injuries diagnosis
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. [Pain and its treatment reflected in time].
- Author
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Rauschmann MA, Thomann KD, and Geiger F
- Subjects
- History, 15th Century, History, 16th Century, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Analgesia history, Anesthesiology history, Orthopedics history
- Abstract
This article describes the history of pain therapy and anesthesiology with respect to the field of surgery. The history of this part of medicine is dependent upon the development of the appropriate medication groups, which were of great importance in the field of pain therapy and anesthesiology. Specifically the development of nitrous oxide, ether, morphine and the first local anesthesiologic substances will be described and discussed. The above mentioned developments combined with the knowledge of physiology of pain and new results from psychological studies led to the modern pain therapy in recent perioperative treatment concepts. Modern pain therapy is a multimodal therapy concept with a variety of specialties working as a team to optimize an individualized therapy plan which respects the needs of every single patient under different circumstances (acute, perioperative and chronic pain). more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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17. [Whiplash injury and "railway spine" (II)].
- Author
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Thomann KD and Rauschmann M
- Subjects
- Accidents legislation & jurisprudence, Combat Disorders prevention & control, Diagnosis, Differential, Disasters, Eligibility Determination legislation & jurisprudence, Germany, Humans, Malingering diagnosis, Malingering psychology, Patient Care Team legislation & jurisprudence, Relief Work, Somatoform Disorders prevention & control, Spinal Injuries prevention & control, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic prevention & control, Whiplash Injuries prevention & control, Accidents psychology, Combat Disorders diagnosis, Combat Disorders psychology, Disability Evaluation, Expert Testimony legislation & jurisprudence, Insurance, Accident legislation & jurisprudence, Railroads, Social Security legislation & jurisprudence, Somatoform Disorders diagnosis, Somatoform Disorders psychology, Spinal Injuries diagnosis, Spinal Injuries psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic diagnosis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic psychology, Whiplash Injuries diagnosis, Whiplash Injuries psychology
- Published
- 2004
18. [Wiplash injury and "railway spine"].
- Author
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Thomann KD and Rauschmann M
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Europe, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Disability Evaluation, Expert Testimony legislation & jurisprudence, Insurance, Accident history, Malingering history, Physician's Role, Psychophysiologic Disorders history, Railroads history, Spinal Injuries history, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic history, Whiplash Injuries history
- Abstract
Although post-traumatic stress disorder was only recently admitted into the international classification systems, psychological reactions to traumatic incidents have been frequently described for more than 100 years. The article deals with the mental reactions to a trauma in different historical situations. Included are the "railway spine" injuries of the 19th century, victims of accidents where third party liability could be claimed, accident insurance, the psychological consequences of National Socialism and whiplash injury. The analysis suggests that different reactions don't describe an identical disorder. It seems that reactions to injuries are mainly influenced by the historical and social background and the fact of beeing insured. more...
- Published
- 2004
19. [From "wet caries" to controllable complication. History of post-traumatic and postoperative osteitis].
- Author
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Rauschmann MA, Thomann KD, Schwetlick G, and Zichner L
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Osteitis etiology, Osteitis therapy, Surgical Wound Infection therapy, Anti-Bacterial Agents history, Bone and Bones injuries, Osteitis history, Surgical Wound Infection history
- Abstract
In former times treatment of osteomyelitis was based on very few surgical principles such as incision of the infected region, debridement with sequestrectomy, and continuous drainage to prevent superficial closing of the wound. There were no rules for asepsis, anesthesia, and microbiology in the treatment of bone infection. Therapy improved dramatically when J. Lister introduced and performed antisepsis. With the beginning of the twentieth century it became much more standardized and differentiated. In the 4th decade of the twentieth century, the development of antibiotics changed the regime of osteomyelitis therapy again. Especially systemic intravenous antibiotic therapy was very successful in the treatment of the hematogeneous osteomyelitis. Treatment failed in post-traumatic and postoperative osteitis. Local antibiotic therapy on a delivery system was the breakthrough for these cases. The application of PMMA cement as an antibiotic delivery system led to this new possibility for treating bone infections and is still in use nowadays. more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. [Complications of vertebroplasty].
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Rauschmann MA, von Stechow D, Thomann KD, and Scale D
- Subjects
- Bone Cements adverse effects, Embolism etiology, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Osteoporosis diagnostic imaging, Phlebography, Spinal Canal, Spinal Fractures diagnostic imaging, Spinal Fractures etiology, Spine blood supply, Spine diagnostic imaging, Spine innervation, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Orthopedic Procedures adverse effects, Osteoporosis complications, Spinal Fractures surgery, Spine surgery
- Abstract
Percutaneous vertebroplasty was first introduced in 1984 by Galibert et al. for the treatment of hemangiomas in the spine. The current indications for vertebroplasty also include compression fractures due to osteoporosis as well as osteolytic metastases and spinal myeloma lesions. With the numbers of percutaneous vertebroplasty performed by orthopedic and trauma surgeons, neurosurgeons, and radiologists steadily increasing, complications have also risen. Over the last 3 years an increasing number of cases with varying complications, their genesis, and their management have been reported in the literature. Complications include asymptomatic cement leakage, cardiovascular effects, embolism with lethal outcome as well as severe neurological deficits. This article presents a review of the complications reported in the literature, strategies for preventing possible complications as well as current concepts in therapy management. Several of our cases with cement leakages are presented. more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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21. [From railway spine to whiplash: the history of psychoreactive disorders following traumatic events].
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Thomann KD and Rauschmann M
- Subjects
- Comorbidity trends, Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Psychophysiologic Disorders epidemiology, Psychosomatic Medicine history, Railroads history, Railroads statistics & numerical data, Spinal Cord Injuries epidemiology, Whiplash Injuries epidemiology, Psychophysiologic Disorders history, Spinal Cord Injuries history, Whiplash Injuries history
- Published
- 2004
22. [Expert assessment of pain patients--an interdisciplinary responsibility].
- Author
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Chronic Disease, Eligibility Determination legislation & jurisprudence, Germany, Humans, Pain etiology, Pain psychology, Sick Role, Expert Testimony legislation & jurisprudence, Insurance, Accident legislation & jurisprudence, Pain classification, Patient Care Team legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2003
23. [Rachitic knock knees in children].
- Author
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Rauschmann MA, Eberhardt C, Patzel U, and Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Child, Europe, History, 16th Century, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, Ancient, Humans, Bone Malalignment history, Leg Bones, Orthopedic Procedures history, Rickets history
- Abstract
Knee malpositions, for example valgus or varus deformations or flexion contractures, were often cited in the historical literature. In earlier times, clinical pictures such as rickets were often the reason for this kind of deformity. A causal therapy did not exist until the twentieth century. In most cases of rickets, genu valgum was reported as the typical knee deformation. The differential diagnosis for genu valgum caused by rickets was genu valgum traumaticum, paralyticum, and inflammatorium. The most important reports on the pathogenesis of valgus deformation can be found in publications by Hueter and von Mikulicz. The causal therapy of rickets was introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century.Vitamin therapy and UV phototherapy were developed during this period. Using these therapies, rickets decreased dramatically. Kurt Huldschinsky, a pediatrician from Berlin,was one of the main inventors of UV phototherapy in Germany. At the end of the nineteenth century, the operative correction of knee deformities increased while conservative treatment continued to be applied. Plaster casts,orthoses, and osteoclast therapy were the main noninvasive therapeutic possibilities. Positive aspects of the conservative techniques were mostly the good results and easy, timesaving technique compared with the operative treatment. The operative therapy increased with the knowledge of antisepsis and asepsis as well as advances in anesthetic procedures. Operative treatment modalities, for example tibial and femoral osteotomies, were more precise, but connected with multiple complications and greater time expenditure. Sufficient vitamin prophylaxis rendered knee deformations caused by rickets a rarity. more...
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. ["Post-traumatic stress disorder"--historical aspects of a "modern" psychiatric illness in the German language areas].
- Author
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Thomann KD and Rauschmann M
- Subjects
- Europe, Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Combat Disorders history, Concentration Camps history, Insurance, Accident history, Malingering history, National Socialism history, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic history, Wounds and Injuries history
- Abstract
Although posttraumatic stress disorder has only recently been admitted into the international classification systems, psychological reactions to traumatic incidents have been frequently described for well over a hundred years. This article provides an overview of mental reactions to a trauma in different historical situations. It discusses the "railway spine injuries" of the 19th century, victims of accidents in which third party liability could be established, and the psychological consequences of the catastrophes that characterised the 20th century: World War I, the rule of National Socialism, World War II, the expulsion and persecution of political opponents in the former GDR. The analysis suggests that the different psychological reactions do not describe an identical disorder. It seems that reactions to injuries are mainly influenced by the historical and social background. more...
- Published
- 2003
25. [Transition from malum coxae senile to the arthrosis deformans concept. A summary of the best known theories and classifications].
- Author
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Rauschmann MA, Habermann B, and Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Aged, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, Ancient, Humans, Arthritis, Rheumatoid history, Osteoarthritis, Hip history, Paleopathology
- Abstract
The disease of degenerative arthritis has been known for thousands of years. Paleopathology has provided findings of ancient degenerative alterations. Furthermore, physicians in classical antiquity described several forms of joint diseases. A challenging problem was the therapy, which was limited at that time. For centuries all joint diseases were subsumed under the term"rheumatism." In 1683 Thomas Sydenham, who suffered himself from gout, first differentiated this joint disease from the larger group of rheumatic joint diseases. Another early classification was undertaken by John Haygarth in 1779. He differentiated gout from malum coxae senilis and the chronic rheumatic diseases. The different theories and the resulting classifications were influenced by different disciplines such as surgery, internal medicine, pathology, anatomy, neurology, microbiology, and radiology. This investigation includes the time period from the early nineteenth century until 1925 when the word "arthrosis" was first used in a medical publication. This investigation is based on research at the library of the German Museum for Orthopedic History and Science as well on the systematic search for articles in different German journals such as Zeitschrift für Orthopddie and Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen. It includes almost all important books and publications about degenerative arthritis for this time period. In the past there were many different descriptions for degenerative arthritis. The establishment of X-rays and new methods in histology and microbiology and the aspect of biomechanical theories led to a better understanding of the different diseases. The authors tried to construct new classifications without the knowledge of the causal and formal pathogenesis. This is the reason for the large number of different classifications, which had to be revised after a short period of time. This publication gives an overview about the most important articles and books which led to the classification currently in use. more...
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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26. [The German Orthopedics Society 1918-1932. Developments and trends].
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Rauschmann MA, Heine MC, and Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 20th Century, Humans, Orthopedics trends, Societies, Medical organization & administration, Societies, Medical trends, Artificial Limbs history, Disabled Persons history, Orthopedics history, Societies, Medical history
- Abstract
The German Orthopedic Society was founded in 1901. The period between 1918 and 1932 was characterized by the aftermath of World War I. Up to the middle of the 2nd decade, orthopedic surgeons mainly treated soldiers and civilians affected by the war. Almost every congress dealt with amputations and artificial limbs. At the same time, orthopedic surgery became a specialty at the German universities, legitimizing it as a subject of its own. Besides the large number of victims of the First World War who had to be treated by orthopedic surgeons, there was a second group of patients, the so-called cripples. These handicapped people had not previously been treated in general. A new law established in 1920 guaranteed the government's support for treatment and education of these patients. This law was called "Krüppel-Fürsorge-Gesetz," which entailed welfare but also resocialization of the handicapped, including their return to work. The German nation recognized the economic benefit of this law and accepted the financial burden. During this period, German orthopedic surgeons developed many important surgical techniques, diagnostic tests, and technical findings for the production of orthoses and artificial limbs. Some examples of techniques are described in the article: UVirradiation for the treatment of rickets according to K. Huldschinsky, Borggreve's rotationplasty of the leg (Umkehrplastik), hallux valgus arthroplasty according to Brandes, and Bragard's sign. more...
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. [Orthopedics and patients under national socialism dictatorship].
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Thomann KD and Rauschmann M
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 20th Century, Humans, Disabled Persons history, Eugenics history, National Socialism history, Orthopedics history, Societies, Medical history
- Abstract
The 12-year dictatorship of National Socialism represents a decisive event in the history of orthopedics in Germany. Treatment and care was limited to those patients whose prognosis promised their reintegration into the work force. Those orthopedic patients with mental and psychological handicaps no longer came under the care of orthopedists and were potential candidates for annihilation. Despite concerted efforts to the contrary, as can be gleaned from the lists of topics at the annual meetings, the prevailing political circumstances encumbered scientific activities. The almost total isolation from international contacts had a negative effect. Orthopedists were hindered in their work by the law on sterilization, which provided for sterilization in cases of severe physical deformity. Some orthopedists even considered the presence of hip dysplasia to be an indication. The roles played by Georg Hohmann, Hellmut Eckhardt, Lothar Kreuz, and other leading orthopedists are described in detail. It can be regarded as certain that Hohmann and Eckhardt were able to prevent dire consequences for their orthopedic patients and the profession by cautious tactics. The ethnical problems of involvement with National Socialism are thoroughly discussed. more...
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. [It is worthwhile exploring the roots!].
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Rauschmann MA, Zichner L, and Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Orthopedics history
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. [History of meniscus surgery. From excision of joint loose bodies to meniscus suture].
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Rauschmann MA, Deb R, Thomann KD, and Zichner L
- Subjects
- History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Joint Loose Bodies history, Joint Loose Bodies surgery, Suture Techniques history, Menisci, Tibial surgery, Orthopedic Procedures history
- Abstract
In comparison with other operative procedures, the history of meniscal-surgery offers some particular differences. Over a long period of time injuries of the semilunar-cartilages of the knee-joint were not generally recognised. In the 18th century only was the clinical picture roughly outlined. There is evidence, that parts of the meniscus were removed much earlier than we have historic proof of. These meniscal fragments were generally mistaken for "loose bodies" in the joints, not knowing the exact etiology. Operative interference with joints was afflicted with a very high incidence of infections and thus complications. Due to this reliable standards of sterility were imperative to obtain reproductive and satisfactory results in surgery of the knee-joint and this is why the discovery and implementation of antiseptic and aseptic principles play such an important role in joint- and, in particular, in meniscal-surgery. The development of meniscal-surgery is dominated by a lengthy discussion about the way in which the injuries of the semilunar cartilages should be dealt with operatively. Fundamental techniques such as fixation of the cartilage by sutures, limited or total removal of the meniscus were established as early as 1895. Over a long period they existed concurrently and their adequate application remained cause for a highly controversial discussion until the end of the 20th century. Not before more detailed knowledge was gained about the exact morphology of the meniscus and the rising of arthroscopic surgery offered new surgical perspectives, it was possible to establish a widely accepted standard of meniscal surgery. more...
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. [200 years orthopedics. Images from the past].
- Author
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Rauschmann MA and Thomann KD
- Subjects
- History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Orthopedic Procedures history, Orthopedics history
- Abstract
The term orthopaedics was first used by a French physician named Nicolas Andry in 1742. Since then the meaning of the term has changed dramatically. Starting as the planned title of a guidebook for parents it developed to become the name of a new medical discipline. During the 19th century orthopaedic surgery was dominated by private institutions, which were a privilege of the wealthy. Orthopaedic surgery as we know it in Germany today developed mostly from the so called "cripple asylums" (Krüppelheime). Their main objective was the treatment of infections of bones and joints, scoliosis and of hereditary diseases. Many of these orthopaedic diseases lost their importance due to prophylaxis and early diagnosis. The great improvements in the living conditions led to a change regarding the age of the patients and the diseases treated. Until world war II mostly children were treated by orthopaedic surgeons. After world war II orthopaedic surgeons have adjusted to the demographic change and have increasingly been treating elder patients. The development and the spread of prostheses display the increasing importance of age related illnesses. more...
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. [History of 1906 census of handicapped patients].
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Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Disabled Persons statistics & numerical data, Germany, History, 20th Century, Humans, Censuses history, Disabled Persons history, Orthopedics history, Social Welfare history
- Abstract
The census of cripples ("Reichskrüppelzählung") in the German Reich plays a central role in the development of orthopaedic surgery. Local censuses conducted by protestant ministers had already pointed out the great number of disabled children without appropriate care. It was the achievement of Konrad Biesalski, who was an orthopaedic surgeon, and of Eduard Dietrich, a Prussian government official, that a nation-wide census for disabled people was conducted. The concerns of the Reich-health-administration, which had complained about the way the survey was to be made, were neglected. These concerns were not all unjustified. Both the planning of the census itself and the technical interpretation of the obtained numbers were full of errors. The number of cripples in need of a place in an asylum were very exaggerated. Biesalski is to be held responsible for this systematic error. For him the census was only a way to influence the public opinion and had no scientific value. The public was worried by the great numbers of cripples in need of medical care and the foundation of asylums for cripples was added to the social political agenda. Along with these asylums came the promotion of orthopaedic surgery. The law, which laid the foundation for these institutions, the "law for the welfare of the cripples in Prussia" of 1920, would have never been passed, if it had not been for Biesalski's manipulated numbers. One can say that the artificially inflated numbers of the "Reichskrüppelzählung" were a lie for a good cause. more...
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. [The German Orthopedic History and Research Museum. A museum for research and public health].
- Author
-
Rauschmann MA, Scale D, Thomann KD, and Zichner L
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Museums history, Orthopedics history, Research history
- Abstract
The German historical museum of orthopaedic surgery was founded 1959 in Würzburg. The main task of this institution is the furtherance of science in medical-history. Since the beginning, 41 years ago, the number of books and exhibits increased continuously. The library of the museum is the biggest public collection in Germany and contains more then 6000 books and publications in orthopaedics. Furthermore the museum includes a big amount of exoprostheses of the upper and lower limb, alloarthroplasties of hip- and knee-joints, traumatologic implants and instruments of orthopaedic surgery. A big number of bone-preparations with pathologic alterations and variations will also be presented. The exhibition and the library is open to the public and is available to those people in the history of orthopaedic surgery. Local requirements in Würzburg were one of the reasons to transfer the place of the museum to Frankfurt/Main. The museum was reopened at 6th of June 1998 at the university of Frankfurt/Main, department of orthopaedic surgery. more...
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. [The German Orthopedic History and Research Museum].
- Author
-
Rauschmann MA, Thomann KD, Zichner L, and Habermann H
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Museums, Orthopedics history, Research history
- Published
- 1998
34. [Not Available].
- Author
-
Thomann KD and Kümmel WF
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Awards and Prizes, Cultural Evolution, Economics history, Industry history, Science history
- Published
- 1995
35. [100 years Zeitschrift für Orthopädie, Z. Orthop. 131 (1993) 195-207].
- Author
-
Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Warfare, Orthopedics, Periodicals as Topic
- Abstract
The historical review of 100 years of the Zeitschrift für Orthopädie could create the impression that the Nazi era did not have any significant impact on orthopedics in Germany. In this commentary it is shown that the Prevention of Heredopathic Offspring Act of 1933 resulted in an uncritical overemphasis on hereditary factors. This decisively influenced concepts of, research into and therapy for hip dislocation, both in Germany and other countries. more...
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. [100 years of Zeitschrift für Orthopädie].
- Author
-
Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Orthopedics history, Periodicals as Topic history
- Abstract
The article affords insight into the one hundred years' history of the Journal of Orthopedics. The existing 130 volumes reflect the change in the orthopedic spectrum of illness, diagnostic investigation and treatment. Already in its first few years of existence, the journal was a forum for international exchange. Investigation of various epochs showed that the editors applied strict scientific standards in selecting the publication, despite basis changing historical conditions. They were able to prevent political interventions appreciably influencing the character of the journal. At the same time, the negative effects which the two world wars and National Socialism had on the further development of orthopedics become evident. The extent to which, as a result of these, the development of orthopedics fell behind international development could only be overcome in the last few decades. more...
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. [A modern textbook is 100 years old. Albert Hoffa and the "Textbook of Orthopedic Surgery"].
- Author
-
Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Orthopedics history, Textbooks as Topic
- Abstract
The appearance of Albert Hoffa's "Textbook book of orthopaedics" in 1891 saw the young special discipline enter a new phase of professionalisation in the German-speaking countries. Hoffa defined in this work the scope and methodology of orthopaedics in a sense that is still valid today. By including operative and conservative forms of treatment, he created the foundation for a continued scientific development of the subject. Only with the appearance of Hoffa's work did orthopaedics gain acceptance as a special area by many physicians. The far-reaching influence and significance of the textbook for orthopaedics is portrayed with the aid of historic sources. more...
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. [Not Available].
- Author
-
Thomann KD
- Subjects
- History, Modern 1601-, Netherlands, Hygiene history, Podiatry history
- Published
- 1992
39. [Scientific social hygiene and social practice in the German Empire. A contribution to the development of social hygiene in the 1st third of the 20th century].
- Author
-
Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 20th Century, Poverty, Public Health history, Social Medicine history
- Published
- 1984
40. [Not Available].
- Author
-
Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, History, Modern 1601-, Hospitals history, Orthopedics history, Religion and Medicine
- Published
- 1989
41. [Not Available].
- Author
-
Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, History, Modern 1601-, Hospitals history, Orthopedics history
- Published
- 1989
42. Die Zusammenarbeit der Sozialhygieniker Alfred Grotjahn und Alfons Fischer.
- Author
-
Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Germany, History, Modern 1601-, Social Medicine history
- Published
- 1979
43. ["Restoring health mechanically"--Gustaf Jonas Wilhelm Zander's treatment principles].
- Author
-
Kreck HC and Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Exercise Therapy instrumentation, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Sweden, Exercise Therapy history, Orthopedic Equipment history
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. [Rehabilitation of the physically handicapped--rehabilitation of the gainfully employed orthopedic patient].
- Author
-
Heipertz W and Thomann KD
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Socialization, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation, Vocational
- Abstract
Rehabilitation of physically disabled persons and resettlement of employed orthopaedic patients into social and working life are integral components of orthopaedics. Unless the patient is reintegrated, orthopaedic care remains incomplete. It is absolutely necessary to develop, already during counselling and at the outset of in-patient therapy, a detailed treatment plan that takes into account the pertaining vocational and social integration considerations. Besides outlining some general ideas, the specific experience at the Orthopaedic Clinic of Frankfort university are described. more...
- Published
- 1985
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