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In the context of counseling sexual abuse survivors, the creative counseling technique of having clients write letters--to themselves or others--from a future context is described. A theoretical framework for writing letters to oneself from the future is presented. Specific types of letters from the future are explained, and case examples and applications are provided.

Review of records of families with preschool children referred to an outpatient treatment center for emotionally and behaviorally troubled preschoolers found a greater degree of parenting stress was significantly associated with poorer attendance at group therapy for children, whereas greater socioeconomic disadvantage was significantly associated with poorer attendance at parent counseling. (DB)

Faults strengthen or heal with time in stationary contact (1,2), and this healing may be an essential ingredient for the generation of earthquakes (1-3). In the laboratory, healing is thought [...]

Since its initial discovery nearly a decade ago (1), non-volcanic tremor has provided information about a region of the Earth that was previously thought incapable of generating seismic radiation. A thorough explanation of the geologic process responsible for tremor generation has, however, yet to be determined. Owing to their location at the plate interface, temporal correlation with geodetically measured slow-slip events and dominant shear wave energy, tremor observations in southwest Japan have been interpreted as a superposition of many low-frequency earthquakes that represent slip on a fault surface (2,3). Fluids may also be fundamental to the failure process in subduction zone environments, as teleseismic and tidal modulation of tremor in Cascadia and Japan and high Poisson ratios in both source regions are indicative of pressurized pore fluids (3-7). Here we identify a robust correlation between extremely small, tidally induced shear stress parallel to the San Andreas fault and non-volcanic tremor activity near Parkfield, California. We suggest that this tremor represents shear failure on a critically stressed fault in the presence of near-lithostatic pore pressure. There are a number of similarities between tremor in subduction zone environments, such as Cascadia and Japan, and tremor on the deep San Andreas transform (3-12), suggesting that the results presented here may also be applicable in other tectonic settings., Analysis of the response of non-volcanic tremor to small stress oscillations induced in the lithosphere by the Earth's tidal deformation allows the determination of the stress orientations and magnitudes under [...]

The low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that constitute tectonic tremor are often inferred to be slow: to have durations of 0.2–0.5 s, a factor of 10–100 longer than those of typical M W 1–2 earthquakes. Here we examine LFEs near Parkfield, CA in order to assess several proposed explanations for LFEs' long durations. We determine LFE rupture areas and location distributions using a new approach, similar to directivity analysis, where we examine how signals coming from various locations within LFEs' finite rupture extents create differences in the apparent source time functions recorded at various stations. We use synthetic ruptures to determine how much the LFE signals recorded at each station would be modified by spatial variations of the source–station traveltime within the rupture area given various possible rupture diameters, and then compare those synthetics with the data. Our synthetics show that the methodology can identify interstation variations created by heterogeneous slip distributions or complex rupture edges, and thus lets us estimate LFE rupture extents for unilateral or bilateral ruptures. To obtain robust estimates of the sources' similarity across stations, we stack signals from thousands of LFEs, using an empirical Green's function approach to isolate the LFEs' apparent source time functions from the path effects. Our analysis of LFEs in Parkfield implies that LFEs' apparent source time functions are similar across stations at frequencies up to 8–16 Hz, depending on the family. The interstation coherence observed at these relatively high frequencies, or short wavelengths (down to 0.2–0.5 km), suggest that LFEs in each of the seven families examined occur on asperities. They are clustered in patches with sub-1-km diameters. The individual LFEs' rupture diameters are estimated to be smaller than 1.1 km for all families, and smaller than 0.5 km and 1 km for the two shallowest families, which were previously found to have 0.2-s durations. Coupling the diameters with the durations suggests that it is possible to model these M W 1–2 LFEs with earthquake-like rupture speeds: around 70 |$\hbox{ per cent}$| of the shear wave speed. However, that rupture speed matches the data only at the edge of our uncertainty estimates for the family with highest coherence. The data for that family are better matched if LFEs have rupture velocities smaller than 40 |$\hbox{ per cent}$| of the shear wave speed, or if LFEs have different rupture dynamics. They could have long rise times, contain composite sub-ruptures, or have slip distributions that persist from event to event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply phase-weighted stacking (PWS) to the analysis of lowfrequency earthquakes (LFEs) in the Parkfield, California, region and central Cascadia. The technique uses the coherence of the instantaneous phase among the stacked signals to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the stack. We find that for picking LFE arrivals for the Parkfield, California, region and for LFE template formation in central Cascadia, PWS is extremely effective. For LFEs in the Parkfield, California, region, PWS yields many more usable phases than standard linear stacking; and, for LFE detection in Cascadia, PWS produces templates with much higher SNR than linear stacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]