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Single nuclei RNA-sequencing (sNuc-Seq) is a methodology which uses isolated nuclei instead of whole cells to profile gene expression. By using droplet microfluidic technologies, users are able to profile thousands of single transcriptomes at high throughput from their chosen tissue. This article aims to introduce sNuc-Seq as a method and its utility in multiple tissue types. Furthermore, we discuss the risks associated with the use of nuclei, which must be considered before committing to a methodology.

There is a severe shortage of IT workers, and when you think about the tech skills that are most in demand, you most likely imagine things like cybersecurity, cloud, and data science. All fields ripe with Industry Certifications to validate one's expertise. As technology companies are engaged in a fierce fight for talent, educational providers are working hard to produce qualified individuals with the skills and abilities necessary to fill the open positions. The panelists will discuss their perspective on the value of Industry Certifications in Information Technology Education.

Background The presence of photoreceptive molecules outside the eye is widespread among animals, yet their functions in the periphery are less well understood. Marine organisms, such as annelid worms, exhibit a ‘shadow reflex’, a defensive withdrawal behaviour triggered by a decrease in illumination. Herein, we examine the cellular and molecular underpinnings of this response, identifying a role for a photoreceptor molecule of the Go-opsin class in the shadow response of the marine bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii. Results We found Pdu-Go-opsin1 expression in single specialised cells located in adult Platynereis head and trunk appendages, known as cirri. Using gene knock-out technology and ablation approaches, we show that the presence of Go-opsin1 and the cirri is necessary for the shadow reflex. Consistently, quantification of the shadow reflex reveals a chromatic dependence upon light of approximately 500 nm in wavelength, matching the photoexcitation characteristics of the Platynereis Go-opsin1. However, the loss of Go-opsin1 does not abolish the shadow reflex completely, suggesting the existence of a compensatory mechanism, possibly acting through a ciliary-type opsin, Pdu-c-opsin2, with a Lambdamax of approximately 490 nm. Conclusions We show that a Go-opsin is necessary for the shadow reflex in a marine annelid, describing a functional example for a peripherally expressed photoreceptor, and suggesting that, in different species, distinct opsins contribute to varying degrees to the shadow reflex.

Background The presence of photoreceptive molecules outside the eye is widespread among animals, yet their functions in the periphery are less well understood. Marine organisms, such as annelid worms, exhibit a ‘shadow reflex’, a defensive withdrawal behaviour triggered by a decrease in illumination. Herein, we examine the cellular and molecular underpinnings of this response, identifying a role for a photoreceptor molecule of the Go-opsin class in the shadow response of the marine bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii. Results We found Pdu-Go-opsin1 expression in single specialised cells located in adult Platynereis head and trunk appendages, known as cirri. Using gene knock-out technology and ablation approaches, we show that the presence of Go-opsin1 and the cirri is necessary for the shadow reflex. Consistently, quantification of the shadow reflex reveals a chromatic dependence upon light of approximately 500 nm in wavelength, matching the photoexcitation characteristics of the Platynereis Go-opsin1. However, the loss of Go-opsin1 does not abolish the shadow reflex completely, suggesting the existence of a compensatory mechanism, possibly acting through a ciliary-type opsin, Pdu-c-opsin2, with a Lambdamax of approximately 490 nm. Conclusions We show that a Go-opsin is necessary for the shadow reflex in a marine annelid, describing a functional example for a peripherally expressed photoreceptor, and suggesting that, in different species, distinct opsins contribute to varying degrees to the shadow reflex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0505-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This paper examines the impact of Interstate 64 (I-64) on land values in five rural hut diverse counties in Eastern Kentucky. Since the corridor of I-64 examined is hounded on the West by Lexington, Kentucky and on the East by Ashland, Kentucky and Huntington, West Virginia, it is possible to test Haig’s theory of location and the extent to which I-64 has promoted economic development within the corridor.

Computer instantiations of abstract concepts could assist mathematics education by providing concrete experiences and by inducing the mental process of construction that Piaget called reflective abstraction. Two classes of college students (n = 13) given 6 weeks of computer experiences to help induce reflective abstraction scored higher on a test of their understanding of functions and compositions than one class of students (n = 17) who were taught according to traditional methods. The comparison was based on questions intended to indicate whether reflective abstraction had taken place.