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1. End-to-End Modeling of the TDM Readout System for CMB-S4

Author

Goldfinger, David C., Ahmed, Zeeshan, Barron, Darcy R., Doriese, W. Bertrand, Durkin, Malcolm, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Haller, Gunther, Henderson, Shawn W., Herbst, Ryan, Hubmayr, Johannes, Irwin, Kent, Reese, Ben, Sapozhnikov, Leonid, Thompson, Keith L., Ullom, Joel, and Vissers, Michael R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The CMB-S4 experiment is developing next-generation ground-based microwave telescopes to observe the Cosmic Microwave Background with unprecedented sensitivity. This will require an order of magnitude increase in the 100 mK detector count, which in turn increases the demands on the readout system. The CMB-S4 readout will use time division multiplexing (TDM), taking advantage of faster switches and amplifiers in order to achieve an increased multiplexing factor. To facilitate the design of the new readout system, we have developed a model that predicts the bandwidth and noise performance of this circuity and its interconnections. This is then used to set requirements on individual components in order to meet the performance necessary for the full system. We present an overview of this model and compare the model results to the performance of both legacy and prototype readout hardware., Comment: This manuscript was submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics as part of the special issue "LTD20", supporting the conference contribution RP-005

Published
2023

4. Development of the Low Frequency Telescope Focal Plane Detector Modules for LiteBIRD

Author

Westbrook, Benjamin, Raum, Christopher, Beckman, Shawn, Lee, Adrian T., Farias, Nicole, Bogdan, Andrew, Hornsby, Amber, Suzuki, Aritoki, Rotermund, Kaja, Elleflot, Tucker, Austermann, Jason E., Beall, James A., Duff, Shannon M., Hubmayr, Johannes, Vissers, Michael R., Link, Michael J., Jaehnig, Greg, Halverson, Nils, Ghigna, Tomasso, Hazumi, Masashi, Stever, Samantha, Minami, Yuto, Thompson, Keith L., Russell, Megan, Arnold, Kam, and Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a JAXA-led strategic large-class satellite mission designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background and Galactic foregrounds from 34 to 448 GHz across the entire sky from L2 in the late 2020s. The scientific payload includes three telescopes which are called the low-, mid-, and high-frequency telescopes each with their own receiver that covers a portion of the mission's frequency range. The low frequency telescope will map synchrotron radiation from the Galactic foreground and the cosmic microwave background. We discuss the design, fabrication, and characterization of the low-frequency focal plane modules for low-frequency telescope, which has a total bandwidth ranging from 34 to 161 GHz. There will be a total of 4 different pixel types with 8 overlapping bands to cover the full frequency range. These modules are housed in a single low-frequency focal plane unit which provides thermal isolation, mechanical support, and radiative baffling for the detectors. The module design implements multi-chroic lenslet-coupled sinuous antenna arrays coupled to transition edge sensor bolometers read out with frequency-domain mulitplexing. While this technology has strong heritage in ground-based cosmic microwave background experiments, the broad frequency coverage, low optical loading conditions, and the high cosmic ray background of the space environment require further development of this technology to be suitable for LiteBIRD. In these proceedings, we discuss the optical and bolometeric characterization of a triplexing prototype pixel with bands centered on 78, 100, and 140 GHz., Comment: SPIE Astronomical Telescope + Instrumentation (AS22)

Published
2022
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6. Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Abdulghafour, Arwa, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Ajello, Marco, Akerib, Daniel, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Amiri, Mandana, Anderson, Adam, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Archipley, Melanie, Arnold, Kam S., Ashby, Matt, Aung, Han, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baker, Carina, Bakshi, Abhishek, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Barton, Paul, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Beall, Jim, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Belkner, Sebastian, Benabed, Karim, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Besuner, Bobby, Bethermin, Matthieu, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Biquard, Simon, Birdwell, Ian, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocaz, Paulina, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, Francois R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chan, Victor, Chang, Clarence L., Chapman, Scott, Charles, Eric, Chauvin, Eric, Cheng, Cheng, Chesmore, Grace, Cheung, Kolen, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clancy, Justin, Clark, Susan, Cooray, Asantha, Coppi, Gabriele, Corlett, John, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Dai, Wei-Ming, Daley, Cail, Dart, Eli, Daues, Gregorg, de Haan, Tijmen, Deaconu, Cosmin, Delabrouille, Jacques, Derylo, Greg, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dober, Brad, Doriese, Randy, Duff, Shannon, Dutcher, Daniel, Dvorkin, Cora, Dünner, Rolando, Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Eimer, Joseph, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Elleflot, Tucker, Emerson, Nick, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Fanfani, Valentina, Fasano, Alessandro, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frisch, Josef, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Giannakopoulos, Christos, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Goldfinger, David, Green, Daniel, Grimes, Paul, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Vic, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Guns, Sam, Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Hand, Emma, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Herbst, Ryan, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hills, Richard, Hivon, Eric, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Anna, Holder, Gil, Hollister, Matt, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hotinli, Selim, Hryciuk, Alec, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, nez, Roberto Ibá, Ibitoye, Ayodeji, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jacobus, Cooper, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Joseph, John, Jost, Baptiste, Kang, Jae Hwan, Kaplan, Ari, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, King, Cesiley, Kisner, Theodore, Klein, Matthias, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Krolewski, Alex, Kubik, Donna, Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lau, Kenny, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Legrand, Louis, Leitner, Matthaeus, Leloup, Clément, Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Liodakis, Ioannis, Liu, Jia, Long, Kevin, Louis, Thibaut, Loverde, Marilena, Lowry, Lindsay, Lu, Chunyu, Lubin, Phil, Ma, Yin-Zhe, Maccarone, Thomas, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Maldonado, Felipe, Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, May, Jared, McCarrick, Heather, McCracken, Ken, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Miranda, Vivian, Mitchell, Don, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria Elena, Moshed, Magdy, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagarajappa, Chandan, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Nerval, Simran, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Hogan, Nichols, Erik, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nord, Brian, Norton, Tim, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Omori, Yuuki, Orlando, Giorgio, Osherson, Benjamin, Osten, Rachel, Padin, Stephen, Paine, Scott, Partridge, Bruce, Patil, Sanjaykumar, Petravick, Don, Petroff, Matthew, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pilleux, Mauricio, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Raveri, Marco, Reese, Ben, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rizzieri, Arianna, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Rotermund, Kaja, Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Saba, Joe, Sailer, Noah, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Sapozhnikov, Leonid, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Shiu, Corwin, Simon, Sara M., Singari, Baibhav, Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony A., Starkman, Glenn D., Steinbach, Bryan, Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Tandoi, Chris, Teply, Grant P., Thayer, Gregg, Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Trendafilova, Cynthia, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Carole, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Wang, Guo-Jian, Watson, Scott, Watts, Duncan, Weaver, Chris, Wenzl, Lukas, Westbrook, Ben, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wiedlea, Andrew, Williams, Paul, Wilson, Robert, Winch, Harrison, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yu, Cyndia, Zegeye, David, Zivick, Jeff, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1908.01062, arXiv:1907.04473

Published
2022

7. Plastic Laminate Antireflective Coatings for Millimeter-wave Optics in BICEP Array

Author

Dierickx, Marion, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Zeeshan, Amiri, Mandana, Barkats, Denis, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Bischoff, Colin A., Beck, Dominic, Bock, James J., Buza, Victor, Cheshire IV, James R., Connors, Jake, Cornelison, James, Crumrine, Michael, Cukierman, Ari Jozef, Denison, Edward, Duband, Lionel, Eiben, Miranda, Fatigoni, Sofia, Filippini, Jeff P., Giannakopoulos, Christos, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Goldfinger, David, Grayson, James A., Grimes, Paul, Hall, Grantland, Halal, George, Halpern, Mark, Hand, Emma, Harrison, Sam A., Henderson, Shawn, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Hilton, Gene C., Hubmayr, Johannes, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent D., Kang, Jae Hwan, Karkare, Kirit S., Kefeli, Sinan, Kovac, J. M., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Lau, King, Leitch, Erik M., Lennox, Amber, Megerian, . G., Minutolo, Lorenzo, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Nakato, Yuka, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nguyen, H. T., O'brient, Roger, Palladino, Steven, Petroff, Matthew, Precup, Nathan, Prouve, Thomas, Pryke, Clement, Racine, Benjamin, Reintsema, Carl D., Santalucia, Destiny, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Singari, Baibhav, Soliman, Ahmed, Germaine, Tyler St, Steinbach, Bryan, Sudiwala, Rashmi, Thompson, Keith L., Tucker, Carole, Turner, Anthony D., Umiltà, Caterina, Verges, Clara, Vieregg, Abigail G., Wandui, Albert, Weber, Alexis C., Wiebe, Don, Willmert, Justin, Wu, Wai Ling K., Yang, Hung-I, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Yu, Cyndia, Zeng, Lingzhen, Zhang, Cheng, and Zhang, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The BICEP/Keck series of experiments target the Cosmic Microwave Background at degree-scale resolution from the South Pole. Over the next few years, the "Stage-3" BICEP Array (BA) telescope will improve the program's frequency coverage and sensitivity to primordial B-mode polarization by an order of magnitude. The first receiver in the array, BA1, began observing at 30/40 GHz in early 2020. The next two receivers, BA2 and BA3, are currently being assembled and will map the southern sky at frequencies ranging from 95 GHz to 150 GHz. Common to all BA receivers is a refractive, on-axis, cryogenic optical design that focuses microwave radiation onto a focal plane populated with antenna-coupled bolometers. High-performance antireflective coatings up to 760 mm in aperture are needed for each element in the optical chain, and must withstand repeated thermal cycles down to 4 K. Here we present the design and fabrication of the 30/40 GHz anti-reflection coatings for the recently deployed BA1 receiver, then discuss laboratory measurements of their reflectance. We review the lamination method for these single- and dual-layer plastic coatings with indices matched to various polyethylene, nylon and alumina optics. We also describe ongoing efforts to optimize coatings for the next BA cryostats, which may inform technological choices for future Small-Aperture Telescopes of the CMB "Stage 4" experiment., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Published
2021
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8. Randomised controlled trial of the Community Navigator programme to reduce loneliness and depression for adults with treatment-resistant depression in secondary community mental health services: trial protocol

Author

Stefanidou, Theodora, Ambler, Gareth, Bartl, Gergely, Barber, Nick, Billings, Jo, Bogatsu, Tumelo, Carroll, Richard, Chipp, Beverley, Conneely, Maev, Downey, Anne-Marie, Evlat, Gamze, Hunter, Rachael, Le Novere, Marie, Lewis, Glyn, Mackay, Tanya, Marwaha, Steven, Matin, Zubair, Naughton, Georgia, Nekitsing, Chandani, O’Sullivan, Millie, Pinfold, Vanessa, Pan, Shengning, Sobers, Angela, Thompson, Keith J., Vasikaran, Jerusaa, Webber, Martin, Johnson, Sonia, and Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor

Published
2023
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11. The design of the Ali CMB Polarization Telescope receiver

Author

Salatino, Maria, Austermann, Jason E., Thompson, Keith L., Ade, Peter A. R., Bai, Xiran, Beall, James A., Becker, Dan T., Cai, Yifu, Chang, Zhi, Chen, Ding, Chen, Pisin, Connors, Jake, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dober, Bradley, Duff, Shannon M., Gao, Guanhua, Ghosh, Shamik, Givhan, Richard C., Hilton, Gene C., Hu, Bin, Hubmayr, Johannes, Karpel, Ethan D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Li, Hong, Li, Mingzhe, Li, Si-Yu, Li, Xufang, Li, Yongping, Link, Michael, Liu, Hao, Liu, Liyong, Liu, Yang, Lu, Fangjun, Lu, Xuefeng, Lukas, Tammy, Mates, John A. B., Mathewson, Justin, Mauskopf, Philip, Meinke, Jeremy, Montana-Lopez, Jordi A., Moore, Jenna, Shi, Jingyan, Sinclair, Adrian K., Stephenson, Ryan, Sun, Weishin, Tseng, Yu-Han, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel N., Vale, Leila R., van Lanen, Jeff, Vissers, Michael R., Walker, Samantha, Wang, Bo, Wang, Guofeng, Wang, Jiaxin, Weeks, Erik, Wu, Di, Wu, Yi-Han, Xia, Junqing, Xu, He, Yao, Ji, Yao, Yongqiang, Yoon, Ki Won, Yue, Bin, Zhai, Hua, Zhang, Aimei, Zhang, Laiyu, Zhang, Le, Zhang, Pengjie, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Xinmin, Zhang, Yifei, Zhang, Yongjie, Zhao, Gong-Bo, and Zhao, Wen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Ali CMB Polarization Telescope (AliCPT-1) is the first CMB degree-scale polarimeter to be deployed on the Tibetan plateau at 5,250m above sea level. AliCPT-1 is a 90/150 GHz 72 cm aperture, two-lens refracting telescope cooled down to 4 K. Alumina lenses, 800mm in diameter, image the CMB in a 33.4{\deg} field of view on a 636mm wide focal plane. The modularized focal plane consists of dichroic polarization-sensitive Transition-Edge Sensors (TESes). Each module includes 1,704 optically active TESes fabricated on a 150mm diameter silicon wafer. Each TES array is read out with a microwave multiplexing readout system capable of a multiplexing factor up to 2,048. Such a large multiplexing factor has allowed the practical deployment of tens of thousands of detectors, enabling the design of a receiver that can operate up to 19 TES arrays for a total of 32,376 TESes. AliCPT-1 leverages the technological advancements in the detector design from multiple generations of previously successful feedhorn-coupled polarimeters, and in the instrument design from BICEP-3, but applied on a larger scale. The cryostat receiver is currently under integration and testing. During the first deployment year, the focal plane will be populated with up to 4 TES arrays. Further TES arrays will be deployed in the following years, fully populating the focal plane with 19 arrays on the fourth deployment year. Here we present the AliCPT-1 receiver design, and how the design has been optimized to meet the experimental requirements., Comment: Proc. SPIE, 11453, 114532A (2020)

Published
2021
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12. Detector fabrication development for the LiteBIRD satellite mission

Author

Westbrook, Benjamin, Raum, Christopher, Beckman, Shawn, Lee, Adrian T., Farias, Nicole, Sasse, Trevor, Suzuki, Aritoki, Kane, Elijah, Austermann, Jason E., Beall, James A, Duff, Shannon M., Hubmayr, Johannes, Hilton, Gene C., Van Lanen, Jeff, Vissers, Michael R., Link, Michael R., Jaehnig, Greg, Halverson, Nils, Ghinga, Tommaso, Stever, Samantha, Minami, Yuto, Thompson, Keith L., Russell, Megan, Arnold, Kam, Siebert, Joseph, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, and Group, the LiteBIRD Joint Study

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a JAXA-led strategic Large-Class satellite mission designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background and cosmic foregrounds from 34 to 448 GHz across the entire sky from L2 in the late 2020's. The primary focus of the mission is to measure primordially generated B-mode polarization at large angular scales. Beyond its primary scientific objective LiteBIRD will generate a data-set capable of probing a number of scientific inquiries including the sum of neutrino masses. The primary responsibility of United States will be to fabricate the three flight model focal plane units for the mission. The design and fabrication of these focal plane units is driven by heritage from ground based experiments and will include both lenslet-coupled sinuous antenna pixels and horn-coupled orthomode transducer pixels. The experiment will have three optical telescopes called the low frequency telescope, mid frequency telescope, and high frequency telescope each of which covers a portion of the mission's frequency range. JAXA is responsible for the construction of the low frequency telescope and the European Consortium is responsible for the mid- and high- frequency telescopes. The broad frequency coverage and low optical loading conditions, made possible by the space environment, require development and adaptation of detector technology recently deployed by other cosmic microwave background experiments. This design, fabrication, and characterization will take place at UC Berkeley, NIST, Stanford, and Colorado University, Boulder. We present the current status of the US deliverables to the LiteBIRD mission., Comment: SPIE, Cosmology, LiteBIRD, Detectors, TES, Bolometers, Inflation, Sinuous Antenna, Horn Coupled, DfMUX

Published
2021

13. CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Author

Collaboration, CMB-S4, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, Charles, Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Jones, William C., Kang, Jae Hwan, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Lubin, Phil, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McCarrick, Heather, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nord, Brian, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Padin, Stephen, Palladino, Steven, Partridge, Bruce, Petravick, Don, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Starkman, Glenn D., Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yang, H. Y. Eric, Yasini, Siavash, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Yu, Cyndia, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473

Published
2020
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16. Correction to: The genome sequence of the grape phylloxera provides insights into the evolution, adaptation, and invasion routes of an iconic pest

Author

Rispe, Claude, Legeai, Fabrice, Nabity, Paul D, Fernández, Rosa, Arora, Arinder K, Baa-Puyoulet, Patrice, Banfill, Celeste R, Bao, Leticia, Barberà, Miquel, Bouallègue, Maryem, Bretaudeau, Anthony, Brisson, Jennifer A, Calevro, Federica, Capy, Pierre, Catrice, Olivier, Chertemps, Thomas, Couture, Carole, Delière, Laurent, Douglas, Angela E, Dufault-Thompson, Keith, Escuer, Paula, Feng, Honglin, Forneck, Astrid, Gabaldón, Toni, Guigó, Roderic, Hilliou, Frédérique, Hinojosa-Alvarez, Silvia, Hsiao, Yi-min, Hudaverdian, Sylvie, Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle, James, Edward B, Johnston, Spencer, Joubard, Benjamin, Le Goff, Gaëlle, Le Trionnaire, Gaël, Librado, Pablo, Liu, Shanlin, Lombaert, Eric, Lu, Hsiao-ling, Maïbèche, Martine, Makni, Mohamed, Marcet-Houben, Marina, Martínez-Torres, David, Meslin, Camille, Montagné, Nicolas, Moran, Nancy A, Papura, Daciana, Parisot, Nicolas, Rahbé, Yvan, Lopes, Mélanie Ribeiro, Ripoll-Cladellas, Aida, Robin, Stéphanie, Roques, Céline, Roux, Pascale, Rozas, Julio, Sánchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Sánchez-Herrero, Jose F, Santesmasses, Didac, Scatoni, Iris, Serre, Rémy-Félix, Tang, Ming, Tian, Wenhua, Umina, Paul A, van Munster, Manuella, Vincent-Monégat, Carole, Wemmer, Joshua, Wilson, Alex CC, Zhang, Ying, Zhao, Chaoyang, Zhao, Jing, Zhao, Serena, Zhou, Xin, Delmotte, François, and Tagu, Denis

Subjects
Developmental Biology
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Published
2020

17. The genome sequence of the grape phylloxera provides insights into the evolution, adaptation, and invasion routes of an iconic pest

Author

Rispe, Claude, Legeai, Fabrice, Nabity, Paul D, Fernández, Rosa, Arora, Arinder K, Baa-Puyoulet, Patrice, Banfill, Celeste R, Bao, Leticia, Barberà, Miquel, Bouallègue, Maryem, Bretaudeau, Anthony, Brisson, Jennifer A, Calevro, Federica, Capy, Pierre, Catrice, Olivier, Chertemps, Thomas, Couture, Carole, Delière, Laurent, Douglas, Angela E, Dufault-Thompson, Keith, Escuer, Paula, Feng, Honglin, Forneck, Astrid, Gabaldón, Toni, Guigó, Roderic, Hilliou, Frédérique, Hinojosa-Alvarez, Silvia, Hsiao, Yi-min, Hudaverdian, Sylvie, Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle, James, Edward B, Johnston, Spencer, Joubard, Benjamin, Le Goff, Gaëlle, Le Trionnaire, Gaël, Librado, Pablo, Liu, Shanlin, Lombaert, Eric, Lu, Hsiao-ling, Maïbèche, Martine, Makni, Mohamed, Marcet-Houben, Marina, Martínez-Torres, David, Meslin, Camille, Montagné, Nicolas, Moran, Nancy A, Papura, Daciana, Parisot, Nicolas, Rahbé, Yvan, Lopes, Mélanie Ribeiro, Ripoll-Cladellas, Aida, Robin, Stéphanie, Roques, Céline, Roux, Pascale, Rozas, Julio, Sánchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Sánchez-Herrero, Jose F, Santesmasses, Didac, Scatoni, Iris, Serre, Rémy-Félix, Tang, Ming, Tian, Wenhua, Umina, Paul A, van Munster, Manuella, Vincent-Monégat, Carole, Wemmer, Joshua, Wilson, Alex CC, Zhang, Ying, Zhao, Chaoyang, Zhao, Jing, Zhao, Serena, Zhou, Xin, Delmotte, François, and Tagu, Denis

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Infection, Climate Action, Adaptation, Biological, Animal Distribution, Animals, Biological Evolution, Genome, Insect, Hemiptera, Introduced Species, Vitis, Arthropod genomes, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, Gene duplications, Host plant interactions, Effectors, Biological invasions, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences
Abstract

BackgroundAlthough native to North America, the invasion of the aphid-like grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae across the globe altered the course of grape cultivation. For the past 150 years, viticulture relied on grafting-resistant North American Vitis species as rootstocks, thereby limiting genetic stocks tolerant to other stressors such as pathogens and climate change. Limited understanding of the insect genetics resulted in successive outbreaks across the globe when rootstocks failed. Here we report the 294-Mb genome of D. vitifoliae as a basic tool to understand host plant manipulation, nutritional endosymbiosis, and enhance global viticulture.ResultsUsing a combination of genome, RNA, and population resequencing, we found grape phylloxera showed high duplication rates since its common ancestor with aphids, but similarity in most metabolic genes, despite lacking obligate nutritional symbioses and feeding from parenchyma. Similarly, no enrichment occurred in development genes in relation to viviparity. However, phylloxera evolved > 2700 unique genes that resemble putative effectors and are active during feeding. Population sequencing revealed the global invasion began from the upper Mississippi River in North America, spread to Europe and from there to the rest of the world.ConclusionsThe grape phylloxera genome reveals genetic architecture relative to the evolution of nutritional endosymbiosis, viviparity, and herbivory. The extraordinary expansion in effector genes also suggests novel adaptations to plant feeding and how insects induce complex plant phenotypes, for instance galls. Finally, our understanding of the origin of this invasive species and its genome provide genetics resources to alleviate rootstock bottlenecks restricting the advancement of viticulture.

Published
2020

23. CMB-S4 Decadal Survey APC White Paper

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We provide an overview of the science case, instrument configuration and project plan for the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4, for consideration by the 2020 Decadal Survey., Comment: Project White Paper submitted to the 2020 Decadal Survey, 10 pages plus references. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473

Published
2019

24. Properties for the Frechet Mean in Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann Treespace

Author

Anaya, Maria, Anipchenko-Ulaj, Olga, Ashfaq, Aisha, Chiu, Joyce, Kaiser, Mahedi, Ohsawa, Max Shoji, Owen, Megan, Pavlechko, Ella, John, Katherine St., Suleria, Shivam, Thompson, Keith, and Yap, Corrine

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

The Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann (BHV) space of weighted trees can be embedded in Euclidean space, but the extrinsic Euclidean mean often lies outside of treespace. Sturm showed that the intrinsic Frechet mean exists and is unique in treespace. This Frechet mean can be approximated with an iterative algorithm, but bounds on the convergence of the algorithm are not known, and there is no other known polynomial algorithm for computing the Frechet mean nor even the edges present in the mean. We give the first necessary and sufficient conditions for an edge to be in the Frechet mean. The conditions are in the form of inequalities on the weights of the edges. These conditions provide a pre-processing step for finding the treespace orthant containing the Frechet mean. This work generalizes to orthant spaces.

Published
2019

25. CMB-S4 Science Case, Reference Design, and Project Plan

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, McQuinn, Matthew, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present the science case, reference design, and project plan for the Stage-4 ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4., Comment: 287 pages, 82 figures

Published
2019

40. Optical Characterization of the SPT-3G Focal Plane

Author

Pan, Zhaodi, Ade, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Adam, Anderson, Austermann, Jason, Avva, Jessica, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Amy, Bender, Benson, Bradford, Carlstrom, John, Carter, Faustin, Cecil, Thomas, Chang, Clarence, Cliche, Jean-Francois, Cukierman, Ariel, Denison, Edward, de Haan, Tijmen, Ding, Junjia, Dobbs, Matt, Dutcher, Daniel, Everett, Wendeline, Foster, Allen, Gannon, Renae, Gilbert, Adam, Groh, John, Halverson, Nils, Harke-Horsemann, Angelina, Harrington, Nicholas, Henning, Jaosn, Hilton, Gene, Holzapfel, William, Huang, Nicholas, Irwin, Kent, Jeong, Oliver, Jonas, Michalle, Khaire, Trupti, Kofman, Anna, Korman, Milo, Kubik, Donna, Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chaolin, Lee, Adrian, Lowitz, Amy, Meyer, Stephan, Michalik, Daniel, Montgomery, Joshua, Nadolski, Andrew, Natoli, Tyler, Nguyen, Hogan, Noble, Gavin, Novosad, Valentyn, Padin, Stephan, Pearson, John, Posada, Chrystian, Rahlin, Alexandra, Ruhl, John, Saunders, Lauren, Sayre, James, Shirley, Ian, Shirokoff, Erik, Smecher, Graeme, Sobrin, Joshua, Stark, Antony, Story, Kyle, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tang, Qingyang, Thompson, Keith, Tucker, Carole, Vale, Leila, Vanderlinde, Keith, Vieira, Joaquin, Wang, Gensheng, Whitehorn, Nathan, Yefremenko, Volodymyr, Yoon, Ki Won, and Young, Matt

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The third-generation South Pole Telescope camera is designed to measure the cosmic microwave background across three frequency bands (95, 150 and 220 GHz) with ~16,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each multichroic pixel on a detector wafer has a broadband sinuous antenna that couples power to six TESs, one for each of the three observing bands and both polarization directions, via lumped element filters. Ten detector wafers populate the focal plane, which is coupled to the sky via a large-aperture optical system. Here we present the frequency band characterization with Fourier transform spectroscopy, measurements of optical time constants, beam properties, and optical and polarization efficiencies of the focal plane. The detectors have frequency bands consistent with our simulations, and have high average optical efficiency which is 86%, 77% and 66% for the 95, 150 and 220 GHz detectors. The time constants of the detectors are mostly between 0.5 ms and 5 ms. The beam is round with the correct size, and the polarization efficiency is more than 90% for most of the bolometers, Comment: Conference proceeding for Low Temperature Detectors 2017

Published
2018
Full Text
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45. CMB-S4 Technology Book, First Edition

Author

Abitbol, Maximilian H., Ahmed, Zeeshan, Barron, Darcy, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Bryan, Sean A., Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Chuss, David T., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, de Haan, Tijmen, Dobbs, Matt, Essinger-Hileman, Tom, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Ganga, Ken, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Henderson, Shawn W., Hill, Charles A., Ho, Shuay-Pwu P., Hubmayr, Johannes, Irwin, Kent, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Kernasovskiy, Sarah A., Kovac, John M., Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Maria, Salatino, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff J., Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Nadolski, Andrew W., Nagy, Johanna M., Niemack, Michael D., O'Brient, Roger C., Padin, Stephen, Parshley, Stephen C., Pryke, Clement, Roe, Natalie A., Rostem, Karwan, Ruhl, John, Simon, Sara M., Staggs, Suzanne T., Suzuki, Aritoki, Switzer, Eric R., Tajima, Osamu, Thompson, Keith L., Timbie, Peter, Tucker, Gregory S., Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Karl S., and Young, Edward Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

CMB-S4 is a proposed experiment to map the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) to nearly the cosmic variance limit for angular scales that are accessible from the ground. The science goals and capabilities of CMB-S4 in illuminating cosmic inflation, measuring the sum of neutrino masses, searching for relativistic relics in the early universe, characterizing dark energy and dark matter, and mapping the matter distribution in the universe have been described in the CMB-S4 Science Book. This Technology Book is a companion volume to the Science Book. The ambitious science goals of CMB-S4, a "Stage-4" experiment, require a step forward in experimental capability from the current Stage=II experiments. To guide this process, we summarize the current state of CMB instrumentation technology, and identify R&D efforts necessary to advance it for use in CMB-S4. The book focuses on technical challenges in four broad areas: Telescope Design; Receiver Optics; Focal-Plane Optical Coupling; and Focal-Plane Sensor and Readout., Comment: 191 pages

Published
2017

46. The three-sided right-handed β-helix is a versatile fold for glycan interactions.

Author

Burnim, Audrey A, Dufault-Thompson, Keith, and Jiang, Xiaofang

Subjects
*CARBOHYDRATE-binding proteins, *GLYCANS, *POLYSACCHARIDES, *HYDROGEN bonding interactions, *CARRIER proteins, *PROTEIN folding
Abstract

Interactions between proteins and glycans are critical to various biological processes. With databases of carbohydrate-interacting proteins and increasing amounts of structural data, the three-sided right-handed β-helix (RHBH) has emerged as a significant structural fold for glycan interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of the sequence, mechanistic, and structural features that enable the RHBH to interact with glycans. The RHBH is a prevalent fold that exists in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses associated with adhesin and carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) functions. An evolutionary trajectory analysis on structurally characterized RHBH-containing proteins shows that they likely evolved from carbohydrate-binding proteins with their carbohydrate-degrading activities evolving later. By examining three polysaccharide lyase and three glycoside hydrolase structures, we provide a detailed view of the modes of glycan binding in RHBH proteins. The 3-dimensional shape of the RHBH creates an electrostatically and spatially favorable glycan binding surface that allows for extensive hydrogen bonding interactions, leading to favorable and stable glycan binding. The RHBH is observed to be an adaptable domain capable of being modified with loop insertions and charge inversions to accommodate heterogeneous and flexible glycans and diverse reaction mechanisms. Understanding this prevalent protein fold can advance our knowledge of glycan binding in biological systems and help guide the efficient design and utilization of RHBH-containing proteins in glycobiology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
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