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5. Parental Report of Outcomes from a Randomized Trial of In-Home Family Services

Author

Duppong Hurley, Kristin, Lambert, Matthew C., Patwardhan, Irina, Ringle, Jay L., Thompson, Ronald W., and Farley, Jennifer

Abstract

This study conducted a randomized trial to examine the efficacy of the Boys Town In-Home Family Services (IHFS) program for families of high-risk youth. Participants were recruited from a state helpline for families struggling with poor family functioning and child emotional or behavioral issues. Consent was obtained for 300 of which 152 were randomly assigned to participate in IHFS for 3-4 months and 148 were assigned to the services as usual comparison group. For the families in the treatment group, 18% did not participant in the intervention, and 66% of families received 20 or more service hours. Parent report data were collected at intake, post, as well 6 and 12 months after post data collection. Data were collected on constructs such as caregiver strain, family functioning, parenting, family resources, and parent report of child behavior. Piecewise analyses of the intake to post data indicated significantly greater reductions in caregiver strain for the treatment condition. Given the conservative corrections for the use of multiple tests, no other measures demonstrated significant differences. For the piecewise model of the maintenance phase, there were no significant differences between groups aside from caregiver strain that showed a significant improvement for the comparison condition. Supplementary dose-response analyses indicated that for most families there was an ideal dosage of about 25-75 hr to bring about the largest improvements in caregiver strain, parenting skills, and child behavior.

Published
2020
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7. On the Way Home: Promoting Caregiver Empowerment, Self-Efficacy, and Adolescent Stability during Family Reunification Following Placements in Residential Care

Author

Trout, Alexandra L., Lambert, Matthew C., Thompson, Ronald, Duppong Hurley, Kristin, and Tyler, Patrick

Abstract

Although newly passed federal regulations mandate the provision of family-based aftercare supports for adolescents served in therapeutic residential care, very little research has been conducted to determine best practice. This efficacy and replication study compares the outcomes of youths and caregivers randomly assigned to On the Way Home (OTWH; n = 98) or traditional aftercare supports (n = 89) following discharge from therapeutic residential care (TRC). Findings were mixed. At posttest (12-months) no significant differences were found between groups on indicators of placement stability and school involvement, however, significant differences were found between groups on several indicators of caregiver empowerment and self-efficacy, with caregivers in OTWH reporting greater levels of self-efficacy and empowerment across the domains of family and community. At follow-up (21-months), moderate to large differences were found between groups on indicators of placement stability and school involvement, with odds ratios indicating youths in OTWH were 2 and 3 times more likely to be engaged in school and living in the community, respectively. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed. [This is the online version of an article published in "Residential Treatment for Children & Youth."]

Published
2019
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8. Closing the Research to Practice Gap in Therapeutic Residential Care: Service Provider-University Partnerships Focused on Evidence-Based Practice

Author

Thompson, Ronald W., Duppong Hurley, Kristin, Trout, Alexandra L., Huefner, Jonathan C., and Daly, Daniel L.

Abstract

Residential care has been criticized for its high cost and limited research evidence. While recent studies and reviews of the literature suggest that a number of evidence-based practices are being implemented in residential care settings, more research is needed to develop and test empirically based practices that can be successfully implemented in residential care. In this article, we offer a promising strategy to address this issue: a long-term research partnership between a large service provider agency and a university-based research center to conduct a program of research which has resulted in translation of evidence-supported practices into service provider programs, contributions to the science of residential care, and training opportunities for young applied scientists to specialize in this important work. This evolving program of research includes four core applied research topic areas in which this collaboration has had some ongoing success: program and practice implementation fidelity, therapeutic process factors, aftercare, and psychotropic medication use. We suggest that this type of long-term collaborative research partnership is an approach for others to consider for conducting research that informs effective residential care practices.

Published
2017
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11. Safety Planning: A Tool for Peers As Well?

Author

Wilson, Michael P., Waliski, Angie, and Thompson, Ronald

Subjects
Evidence-based medicine -- Safety and security measures, Suicide -- Safety and security measures, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Suicide is now the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. (1) Suicide rates rose by 33% from 1999 to 2017, (2) and by 2019, an estimated 3.5 [...]

Published
2023

17. Multiple Effects of Boys Town's Parent Training Program: Initial Results.

Author

Thompson, Ronald W.

Abstract

Research over the past two decades has indicated that behavioral parent training is an effective intervention with parents and their children. Findings suggest that parent training is most effective with conduct problem children. In the current study data was collected from parents enrolled in the Boys Town Common Sense Parenting program to assess the degree of behavior problems reported in children as well as the short term and long term effects of the program. In addition parents were interviewed to assess acquisition of skills taught, relative effectiveness of training methods, and generalization of effects to the child's home. The parent group consisted of 28 females and 6 males. Parents received services including a family assessment, 8 weeks of skills training, and follow-up support. Results indicated significant pre- to posttest improvements in parent reported child behavior problems, attitudes toward their children, and problem solving skills. Gains were maintained at a 12-month follow-up. Qualitative data obtained from interviews suggested that parents acquired skills, and that they generalized to home settings. The long term goal is to develop the technology to replicate the program on a large scale basis. (ABL)

Published
1992

18. Holistic Assessment of a High School Writing Skills Curriculum.

Author

Thompson, Ronald W.

Abstract

A study investigated a holistic approach to the assessment of students' writing skills in a high school that is part of a residential treatment program for adolescents. High school students were asked to produce spontaneous writing samples in the fall and spring of the 1990-91 school year. The students were asked to write about someone they admire, and had one class period to complete the writing samples. A total of 740 writing samples were scored by faculty members at the school using fluency, style, transitions, organization, and mechanics as criteria for scoring. Results indicated good inter-rater reliability and significant gains in writing skills for students during the year. Findings suggest that holistic scoring provided a reliable and efficient method of assigning quantitative scores to students' writing samples and that holistic assessment can be applied to classroom instruction. (Two tables of scoring criterion and data and two figures are included.) (PRA)

Published
1991

21. Child and Parent Report of Parenting as Predictors of Substance Use and Suspensions from School

Author

Fleming, Charles B., Mason, W. Alex, Thompson, Ronald W., Haggerty, Kevin P., and Gross, Thomas J.

Abstract

This study examined how child and parent reports of parenting were related to early adolescent substance use and school suspensions. Data were from two time points 6 months apart on 321 families with an eighth-grade student attending one of five schools in the Pacific Northwest. Child- and parent-report measures of family management practices were moderately correlated (r = 0.29). Child report, but not parent report, of more positive family management practices uniquely predicted a lower likelihood of adolescent substance use. Also, discrepancies between child and parent report of parenting predicted substance use, with child positive report of family management losing its protective association with adolescent substance use when parents had negative reports of their parenting. Parent report, but not child report, of better parenting predicted lower likelihood of suspensions, suggesting that the salience of child and parent report may depend on the type of behavioral outcome.

Published
2016
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23. Preoperative risk factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: a validated risk score derived from a prospective U.K. database of 8820 patients

Author

Fenwick, Stephen, Elmasry, Mohamed, Nunes, Quentin, Kennedy, David, Khan, Raja B., Khan, Muhammad A.S., Magee, Conor J., Jones, Steven M., Mason, Denise, Parappally, Ciny P., Mathur, Pawan, Saunders, Michael, Jamel, Sara, Haque, Samer U.l., Zafar, Sara, Shiwani, Muhammad H., Samuel, Nehemiah, Dar, Farooq, Jackson, Andrew, Lovett, Bryony, Dindyal, Shiva, Winter, Hannah, Rahman, Saquib, Wheatley, Kevin, Nieto, Tom, Ayaani, Soofiyah, Youssef, Haney, Nijjar, Rajwinder S., Watkin, Helen, Naumann, David, Emeshi, Sophie, Sarmah, Piyush B., Lee, Kathryn, Joji, Nikita, Heath, Jonathan, Teasdale, Rebecca L., Weerasinghe, Chamindri, Needham, Paul J., Welbourn, Hannah, Forster, Luke, Finch, David, Blazeby, Jane M., Robb, William, McNair, Angus G.K., Hrycaiczuk, Alex, Charalabopoulos, Alexandros, Kadirkamanathan, Sritharan, Tang, Cheuk-Bong, Jayanthi, Naga V.G., Noor, Nigel, Dobbins, Brian, Cockbain, Andrew J., Nilsen-Nunn, April, de Siqueira, Jonathan, Pellen, Mike, Cowley, Jonathan B., Ho, Wei-Min, Miu, Victor, White, Timothy J., Hodgkins, Kathryn A., Kinghorn, Alison, Tutton, Matthew G., Al-Abed, Yahya A., Menzies, Donald, Ahmad, Anwar, Reed, Joanna, Khan, Shabuddin, Monk, David, Vitone, Louis J., Murtaza, Ghulam, Joel, Abraham, Brennan, Stephen, Shier, David, Zhang, Catherine, Yoganathan, Thusidaran, Robinson, Steven J., McCallum, Iain J.D., Jones, Michael J., Elsayed, Mohammed, Tuck, Liz, Wayman, John, Carney, Kate, Aroori, Somaiah, Hosie, Kenneth B., Kimble, Adam, Bunting, David M., Fawole, Adeshina S., Basheer, Mohammed, Dave, Rajiv V., Sarveswaran, Janahan, Jones, Elinor, Kendal, Chris, Tilston, Michael P., Gough, Martin, Wallace, Tom, Singh, Shailendra, Downing, Justine, Mockford, Katherine A., Issa, Eyad, Shah, Nayab, Chauhan, Neal, Wilson, Timothy R., Forouzanfar, Amir, Wild, Jonathan R.L., Nofal, Emma, Bunnell, Catherine, Madbak, Khaliel, Rao, Sudhindra T.V., Devoto, Laurence, Siddiqi, Najaf, Khawaja, Zechan, Hewes, James C., Gould, Laura, Chambers, Alice, Rodriguez, Daniel U., Sen, Gourab, Robinson, Stuart, Bartlett, Francis, Rae, David M., Stevenson, Thomas E.J., Sarvananthan, Kas, Dwerryhouse, Simon J., Higgs, Simon M., Old, Oliver J., Hardy, Thomas J., Shah, Reena, Hornby, Steve T., Keogh, Ken, Frank, Lucinda, Al-Akash, Musallam, Upchurch, Emma A., Frame, Richard J., Hughes, Michael, Jelley, Clare, Weaver, Simon, Roy, Sudipta, Sillo, Toritseju O., Galanopoulos, Giorgios, Cuming, Tamzin, Cunha, Pedro, Tayeh, Salim, Kaptanis, Sarantos, Heshaishi, Mohamed, Eisawi, Abdalla, Abayomi, Michael, Ngu, Wee S., Fleming, Katie, Bajwa, Dalvir S., Chitre, Vivek, Aryal, Kamal, Ferris, Paul, Silva, Michael, Lammy, Simon, Mohamed, Sarah, Khawaja, Amir, Hussain, Adnan, Ghazanfar, Mudassar A., Bellini, Maria I., Ebdewi, Hamdi, Elshaer, Mohamed, Gravante, Gianpiero, Drake, Benjamin, Ogedegbe, Arikoge, Mukherjee, Dipankar, Arhi, Chanpreet, Giwa, Lola, Iqbal, Nusrat, Watson, Nicholas F., Aggarwal, Smeer K., Orchard, Philippa, Villatoro, Eduardo, Willson, Peter D., Mok, Kam W.J., Woodman, Thomas, Deguara, Jean, Garcea, Giuseppe, Babu, Benoy I., Dennison, Alistair R., Malde, Deep, Lloyd, David, Slavin, John P., Jones, Robert P., Ballance, Laura, Gerakopoulos, Stratos, Jambulingam, Periyathambi, Mansour, Sami, Sakai, Naomi, Acharya, Vikas, Sadat, Mohammed M., Karim, Lawen, Larkin, David, Amin, Khalid, Khan, Amarah, Law, Jennifer, Jamdar, Saurabh, Smith, Stella R., Sampat, Keerthika, O'shea, Kathryn M., Manu, Mangta, Asprou, Fotini M., Malik, Nabeela S., Chang, Jessica, Johnstone, Marianne, Lewis, Michael, Roberts, Geoffrey P., Karavadra, Babu, Photi, Evangelos, Hewes, James, Rodriguez, Dan, O'Reilly, Derek A., Rate, Anthony J., Sekhar, Hema, Henderson, Lucy T., Starmer, Benjamin Z., Coe, Peter O., Tolofari, Sotonye, Barrie, Jenifer, Bashir, Gareth, Sloane, Jake, Madanipour, Suroosh, Halkias, Constantine, Trevatt, Alexander E.J., Borowski, David W., Hornsby, Jane, Courtney, Michael J., Virupaksha, Suvi, Seymour, Keith, Robinson, Sarah, Hawkins, Helen, Bawa, Sadiq, Gallagher, Paul V., Reid, Alistair, Wood, Peter, Finch, Jonathan G., Finch, J.Guy, Parmar, Jitesh, Stirland, Euan, Gardner-Thorpe, James, Al-Muhktar, Ahmed, Peterson, Mark, Majeed, Ali, Bajwa, Farrukh M., Martin, Jack, Choy, Alfred, Tsang, Andrew, Pore, Naresh, Andrew, David R., Al-Khyatt, Waleed, Santosh Bhandari, Christopher Taylor, Chambers, Adam, Subramanium, Dhivya, Toh, Simon K.C., Carter, Nicholas C., Mercer, Stuart J., Knight, Benjamin, Vijay, Vardhini, Alagaratnam, Swethan, Sinha, Sidhartha, Khan, Shahab, El-Hasani, Shamsi S., Hussain, Abdulzahra A., Bhattacharya, Vish, Kansal, Nisheeth, Fasih, Tani, Jackson, Claire, Siddiqui, Midhat N., Chishti, Imran A., Fordham, Imogen J., Siddiqui, Zohaib, Bausbacher, Harald, Geogloma, Ileana, Gurung, Kabita, Tsavellas, George, Basynat, Pradeep, Shrestha, Ashish K., Basu, Sanjoy, Chhabra, Alok, Harilingam, Mohan, Rabie, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Kumar, Pradeep, Jafferbhoy, Sadaf F., Hussain, Najam, Raza, Soulat, Haque, Manzarul, Alam, Imran, Aseem, Rabiya, Patel, Shakira, Asad, Mehek, Booth, Michael I., Ball, William R., Wood, Christopher P.J., Pinho-Gomes, Ana C., Kausar, Ambareen, Obeidallah, Mohammed, Varghase, Joseph, Lodhia, Joshil, Bradley, Donal, Rengifo, Carla, Lindsay, David, Gopalswamy, Sivakumar, Finlay, Ian, Wardle, Stacy, Bullen, Naomi, Iftikhar, Syed Y., Awan, Altaf, Ahmed, Javed, Leeder, Paul, Fusai, Guiseppe, Bond-Smith, Giles, Psica, Alicja, Puri, Yogesh, Hou, David, Noble, Fergus, Szentpali, Karoly, Broadhurst, Jack, Date, Ravindra, Hossack, Martin R., Goh, Yan L., Turner, Paul, Shetty, Vinutha, Riera, Manel, Macano, Christina A.W., Sukha, Anisha, Preston, Shaun R., Hoban, Jennifer R., Puntis, Daniel J., Williams, Sophie V., Krysztopik, Richard, Kynaston, James, Batt, Jeremy, Doe, Matthew, Goscimski, Andrzej, Jones, Gareth H., Hall, Claire, Carty, Nick, Ahmed, Jamil, Panteleimonitis, Sofoklis, Gunasekera, Rohan T., Sheel, Andrea R.G., Lennon, Hannah, Hindley, Caroline, Reddy, Marcus, Kenny, Ross, Elkheir, Natalie, McGlone, Emma R., Rajaganeshan, Rajasundaram, Hancorn, Kate, Hargreaves, Anita, Prasad, Raj, Longbotham, David A., Vijayanand, Dhakshinamoorthy, Wijetunga, Imeshi, Ziprin, Paul, Nicolay, Christopher R., Yeldham, Geoffrey, Read, Edward, Gossage, James A., Rolph, Rachel C., Ebied, Husam, Phull, Manraj, Khan, Mohammad A., Popplewell, Matthew, Kyriakidis, Dimitrios, Hussain, Anwar, Henley, Natasha, Packer, Jessica R., Derbyshire, Laura, Porter, Jonathan, Appleton, Shaun, Farouk, Marwan, Basra, Melvinder, Jennings, Neil A., Ali, Shahda, Kanakala, Venkatesh, Ali, Haythem, Lane, Risha, Dickson-Lowe, Richard, Zarsadias, Prizzi, Mirza, Darius, Puig, Sonia, Al Amari, Khalid, Vijayan, Deepak, Sutcliffe, Robert, Marudanayagam, Ravi, Hamady, Zayed, Prasad, Abheesh R., Patel, Abhilasha, Durkin, Damien, Kaur, Parminder, Bowen, Laura, Byrne, James P., Pearson, Katherine L., Delisle, Theo G., Davies, James, Tomlinson, Mark A., Johnpulle, Michelle A., Slawinski, Corinna, Macdonald, Andrew, Nicholson, James, Newton, Katy, Mbuvi, James, Farooq, Ansar, Mothe, Bhavani S., Zafrani, Zakhi, Brett, Daniel, Francombe, James, Spreadborough, Philip, Barnes, James, Cheung, Melanie, Al-Bahrani, Ahmed Z., Preziosi, Giuseppe, Urbonas, Tomas, Alberts, Justin, Mallik, Mekhlola, Patel, Krashna, Segaran, Ashvina, Doulias, Triantafyllos, Sufi, Pratik A., Yao, Caroline, Pollock, Sarah, Manzelli, Antonio, Wajed, Saj, Kourkulos, Michail, Pezzuto, Roberto, Wadley, Martin, Hamilton, Emma, Jaunoo, Shameen, Padwick, Robert, Sayegh, Mazin, Newton, Richard C., Hebbar, Madhusoodhana, Farag, Sameh F., Hebbar, Madhu, Spearman, John, Hamdan, Mohammed F., D'Costa, Conrad, Blane, Christine, Giles, Mathew, Peter, Mark B., Hirst, Natalie A., Hossain, Tanvir, Pannu, Arslan, El-Dhuwaib, Yesar, Morrison, Tamsin E.M., Taylor, Greg W., Thompson, Ronald L.E., McCune, Ken, Loughlin, Paula, Lawther, Roger, Byrnes, Colman K., Simpson, Duncan J., Mawhinney, Abi, Warren, Conor, McKay, Damian, McIlmunn, Colin, Martin, Serena, MacArtney, Matthew, Diamond, Tom, Davey, Phil, Jones, Claire, Clements, Joshua M., Digney, Ruairi, Chan, Wei M., McCain, Stephen, Gull, Sadaf, Janeczko, Adam, Dorrian, Emmet, Harris, Andrew, Dawson, Suzanne, Johnston, Dorothy, McAree, Barry, Ghareeb, Essam, Thomas, George, Connelly, Martin, McKenzie, Stephen, Cieplucha, Krzysztos, Spence, Gary, Campbell, William, Hooks, Gareth, Bradley, Neil, Hill, Arnold D.K., Cassidy, John T., Boland, Michael, Burke, Paul, Nally, Deirdre M., Khogali, Elmoataz, Shabo, Wael, Iskandar, Edrin, McEntee, Gerry P., O'Neill, Maeve A., Peirce, Colin, Lyons, Emma M., O'Sullivan, Adrian W., Thakkar, Rohan, Carroll, Paul, Ivanovski, Ivan, Balfe, Paul, Lee, Matthew, Winter, Des C., Kelly, Michael E., Hoti, Emir, Maguire, Donal, Karunakaran, Priyadarssini, Geoghegan, Justin G., Martin, Sean T., Cross, Keith S., Cooke, Fiachra, Zeeshan, Saquib, Murphy, James O., Mealy, Ken, Mohan, Helen M., Nedujchelyn, Yuwaraja, Ullah, Muhammad F., Ahmed, Irfan, Giovinazzo, Francesco, Milburn, James, Prince, Sarah, Brooke, Eleanor, Buchan, Joanna, Khalil, Ahmed M., Vaughan, Elizabeth M., Ramage, Michael I., Aldridge, Roland C., Gibson, Simon, Nicholson, Gary A., Vass, David G., Grant, Alan J., Holroyd, David J., Jones, Angharad, Sutton, Cherith M.L.R., O'Dwyer, Patrick, Nilsson, Frida, Weber, Beatrix, Williamson, Tracey K., Lalla, Kushik, Bryant, Alice, Carter, Ross, Forrest, Craig R., Hunter, David I., Nassar, Ahmad H., Orizu, Mavis N., Knight, Katrina, Qandeel, Haitham, Suttie, Stuart, Belding, Rowena, McClarey, Andrew, Boyd, Alan T., Guthrie, Graeme J.K., Lim, Pei J., Luhmann, Andreas, Watson, Angus J.M., Richards, Colin H., Nicol, Laura, Madurska, Marta, Harrison, Ewen, Boyce, Kathryn M., Roebuck, Amanda, Ferguson, Graeme, Pati, Pradeep, Wilson, Michael S.J., Dalgaty, Faith, Fothergill, Laura, Driscoll, Peter J., Mozolowski, Kirsty L., Banwell, Victoria, Bennett, Stephen P., Rogers, Paul N., Skelly, Brendan L., Rutherford, Claire L., Mirza, Ahmed K., Lazim, Taha, Lim, Henry C.C., Duke, Diana, Ahmed, Talat, Beasley, William D., Wilkinson, Marc D., Maharaj, Geta, Malcolm, Cathy, Brown, Timothy H., Shingler, Guy M., Mowbray, Nicholas, Radwan, Rami, Morcous, Paul, Wood, Simon, Kadhim, Abbas, Stewart, Duncan J., Baker, Andrew L., Tanner, Nicola, Shenoy, Hrishikesh, Sutcliffe, Robert P., Hollyman, Marianne, Hodson, James, Bonney, Glenn, Vohra, Ravi S., and Griffiths, Ewen A.

Published
2016
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28. Acogimiento residencial terapeutico para ninos y adolescentes: una declaracion de consenso del Grupo de Trabajo Internacional sobre Acogimiento Residencial Terapeutico

Author

Whittaker, James K., Holmes, Lisa, del Valle, Jorge F., Ainsworth, Frank, Andreassen, Tore, Anglin, James, Bellonci, Christopher, Berridge, David, Bravo, Amaia, Canali, Cinzia, Courtney, Mark, Currey, Laurah, Daly, Daniel, Gilligan, Robbie, Grietens, Hans, Harder, Annemiek, Holden, Martha, James, Sigrid, Kendrick, Andrew, Knorth, Erik, Lausten, Mette, Lyons, John, Martin, Eduardo, McDermid, Samantha, McNamara, Patricia, Palareti, Laura, Ramsey, Susan, Sisson, Kari, Small, Richard, Thoburn, June, Thompson, Ronald, and Zeira, Anat

Published
2017
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30. Prevalence of Weight Problems among Youth with High-Incidence Disabilities in Residential Care

Author

Trout, Alexandra L., Lambert, Matthew C., Nelson, Timothy D., and Thompson, Ronald W.

Abstract

The prevalence of weight problems among youth in general and youth in out-of-home care has been well documented; however, the prevalence of obesity/overweight among youth with high-incidence disabilities in more restrictive settings, such as residential care, has not been assessed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of weight problems in 245 youth with learning disabilities or emotional disturbance at entrance to residential care. Youth intake files were examined to evaluate the association between youth demographic characteristics, medical conditions, prior placements and placement settings, medication usage, and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems and clinical weight problems. Findings revealed that over one half of the youth were overweight or obese (50.6%), and weight problems were associated with gender, medical conditions, and age. Study limitations, future research efforts, and treatment implications are discussed.

Published
2014

34. Engaging Families in In-Home Family Intervention

Author

Thompson, Ronald W. and Koley, Sarah

Abstract

Boys Town has created a program called In-Home Family Services to deliver help to families in stress. In-home family intervention programs have become widely used to help more families who are at risk and experiencing difficulties with a wide range of problems including domestic violence, child behavior problems, parent-child and family relationship problems, school behavior and performance problems, and child abuse and neglect. Boys Town In-Home Family Services operates across Boys Town sites in ten states throughout the country. Initial outcome studies suggest that the program can reduce family stressors, improve child behavior problems, and prevent out-of-home placement. In this paper, the authors describe the program, the reasons why families may be reluctant to engage in family intervention, examples of formal and informal engagement strategies found to be helpful, and conclusions about integrating engagement strategies and family intervention.

Published
2014

35. Association between Psychopathology and Physical Health Problems among Youth in Residential Treatment

Author

Nelson, Timothy D., Smith, Tori R., Duppong Hurley, Kristin, Epstein, Michael H., Thompson, Ronald W., and Tonniges, Thomas F.

Abstract

Youth in residential treatment settings often present with a complex combination of mental and physical health problems. Despite an emerging literature documenting significant associations between mental health and physical health, the relationship between these two areas of functioning has not been systematically examined in youth presenting to residential treatment. This study examines the association between youth psychopathology and physical health problems in a sample of 606 youth entering a large residential treatment program between 2003 and 2010. As a part of the intake process, youth psychopathology symptoms were assessed using the parent-report form of the Child Behavior Checklist, and youth physical health problems were assessed in a medical evaluation by a licensed child health professional. Results indicated that higher levels of youth psychopathology, particularly internalizing problems, were associated with greater risk for physical health problems and more prescription medications. Psychopathology comorbidity was also associated with physical health problems. These findings suggest an interplay between physical and mental health among youth entering residential treatment, highlighting the need for integrated assessment and intervention services that address psychological and medical needs within this population. (Contains 5 tables.)

Published
2013
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36. Measuring Youth Residential Care Provider Attitudes

Author

Ringle, Jay L., James, Sigrid, Ross, Jordan R., and Thompson, Ronald W.

Abstract

Abstract.In this study the 15-item Evidence-Based Practices Attitude Scale (EBPAS), a measure designed to assess attitudes toward the adoption of EBPs, was collected from administrators of residential care facilities for youth in the United States. As the EBPAS was administered to a different sample for which it was originally developed (i.e., community mental health), we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to investigate if its factor structure was maintained. Results confirm the factor structure of the EBPAS as a valid measure of attitude toward evidence-based practice among youth residential care providers. Limitations and areas of future research are discussed.

Published
2024
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37. Responsiveness of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in a Sample of High-Risk Youth in Residential Treatment

Author

Mason, W. Alex, Chmelka, Mary B., and Thompson, Ronald W.

Abstract

Background: Quality assessment of children's functioning is critical for both research and service delivery. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief, publicly-available instrument that provides such assessment. Although the SDQ has strong psychometric properties, less is known about its responsiveness or sensitivity to detecting change over time. Objective: This study examined the responsiveness of the SDQ among high-risk youth and tested the degree to which changes on the SDQ correspond to changes on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a well-established and lengthier reference measure. Methods: Longitudinal SDQ and CBCL data collected as part of routine service delivery were analyzed for 65 youth entering a large residential treatment program. Assessments were obtained both at intake and approximately 3 months into the program. Results: Paired samples t tests revealed statistically significant decreases in SDQ Conduct Problems and Emotional Symptoms scores, and McNemar's tests showed a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of Conduct Problems cases. Correlations between changes on the SDQ scales and changes on corresponding CBCL scales ranged from 0.58 to 0.83. Results from receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the SDQ was relatively accurate in identifying changes in CBCL diagnostic cases, with overlap across corresponding problem behavior domains ranging from 68 to 81%. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the SDQ may represent a shorter, low cost alternative to longer measures, such as the CBCL, for use when researchers and practitioners are faced with time or financial constraints associated with the assessment of child functioning over time.

Published
2012
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39. Individual-Level Predictors of Nonparticipation and Dropout in a Life-Skills HIV Prevention Program for Adolescents in Foster Care

Author

Thompson, Ronald G., Auslander, Wendy F., and Alonzo, Dana

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify individual-level characteristics of foster care adolescents who are more likely to not participate in, and drop out of, a life-skills HIV prevention program delivered over 8 months. Structured interviews were conducted with 320 foster care adolescents (15-18 years). Logistic regression and survival analyses (Cox Proportional Hazards Regression) determined the influence of demographics, HIV sexual risk behaviors, substance use, mental health problems, and other individual-level risk factors on nonparticipation and dropout. Older age and having vaginal intercourse without a condom were significant predictors of nonparticipation. Older age and marijuana use significantly increased the hazard of dropping out of the program. Foster care adolescents at increased risk for HIV infection were more likely to never participate in and drop out of the program. To improve initial and ongoing participation, HIV prevention efforts for adolescents in foster care should be tailored to individual-level HIV risk behaviors and incorporate early and ongoing engagement and retention strategies.

Published
2012
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40. Substance Use and Mental Health Problems as Predictors of HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors among Adolescents in Foster Care

Author

Thompson, Ronald G. and Auslander, Wendy F.

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between substance use, mental health problems, and HIV sexual risk behaviors among a sample of foster care adolescents. Data were collected through structured baseline interviews with 320 adolescents (ages 15 to 18 years) who resided in foster care placements and participated in a larger evaluation study of an HIV prevention program. Final logistic regression models indicated that delinquent behavior and marijuana use were the most significant predictors of engaging in any one HIV risk behavior. Adolescents who reported delinquent behaviors, alcohol use, and marijuana use and who were female were more likely than their counterparts to engage in vaginal sex without using a condom. Future research is needed to further identify risk and protective factors for substance use, mental health problems, and HIV sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in foster care. HIV prevention efforts for these vulnerable adolescents should target those with substance use and delinquent behaviors.

Published
2011

42. The Departure Status of Youth from Residential Group Care: Implications for Aftercare

Author

Trout, Alexandra L., Chmelka, M. Beth, and Thompson, Ronald W.

Abstract

Youth departing from out-of-home care settings face numerous challenges as they adapt to new settings or return to placements that have been unsuccessful in the past. Although several thousand youth face this transition annually, little is known about their specific needs and risks at departure. To better identify needs and risks, we evaluated the discharge data of 640 youth served in a residential group care setting by addressing the following questions: (a) to what settings do youth depart following a stay in residential group care, (b) what are the demographic, family, educational, behavioral, and departure characteristics of youth at departure, and (c) do these characteristics differ for youth departing to different levels of restrictiveness? Results indicate significant differences on youth characteristics based on levels of restrictiveness at departure placement. As one might expect, youth departing to more restrictive placements presented a broad host of challenges across domains, while those departing to less restrictive settings demonstrated fewer needs and departed with greater educational and behavioral gains. Results provide support for the development and planning of targeted aftercare programs designed to promote the short and long term functioning of youth served in out-of-home care.

Published
2010
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