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In southwest Florida, the Caloosahatchee River flows from Lake Okeechobee into a biologically productive tidal estuarine system. A combination of excess water during the wet season, insufficient fresh water in the dry season, and poor quality of the river water are damaging the estuarine ecosystem. To better control the quality and quantity of the water entering the estuary, reservoirs are being constructed to store excess, poor quality water during the wet season and return it to the river for discharge into the estuary at an appropriate time. This stored water is enriched in nutrients and organic carbon. Because of the subtropical nature of the climate in southwest Florida and potential increases in temperature in the future, the return flow of water from the reservoirs must be treated before it can be returned to the river. Hence, an experimental water treatment system was developed and operated to compare biological treatment processes consisting of solely wetland plants versus adding some engineered processes, including slow sand filtration and a combination of slow sand filtration and ultraviolet (UV) treatment. These three treatment trains were operated and monitored through a seasonal cycle in 2021–2022. All three treatment methods significantly reduced the concentrations of nutrients and total organic carbon. While the enhanced engineered wetlands' treatment trains did slightly outperform the wetland train, a comparison of the three process trains showed no statistically significant difference. It was concluded that upscaling of the slow sand filtration and UV process could improve the treatment efficiency, but this change would have to be evaluated within a framework of long-term economic benefits. It was also concluded that the Caloosahatchee River water quality is quite enriched in nutrients so that reservoir storage would increase the organic carbon concentrations, making it imperative that it be treated before being returned to the river. It was also discovered that the green alga Cladophora sp. grew rapidly in the biological treatment tubs and will present a significant challenge for the treatment of the reservoir discharge water using the currently proposed alum treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimal breeding zones were developed for white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in Ontario under present and future climate conditions to examine potential shifts due to climate change. These zones were developed by (i) determining a set of candidate breeding zones based on the relationship between measured performance variables and climate and (ii) employing a decision support model to select subsets of breeding zones that maximize geographic coverage subject to a constraint on the maximum number of zones. Current optimal breeding zones were based on 1961-1990 climate normals, and future breeding zones were based on three general circulation model (CGCM2, HADCM3, and CSIRO) predictions of 2041-2070 climate. Based on a maximum adaptive distance of 2.0 least significant difference values between sites within zones, 14 zones were required to cover the Ontario range of white spruce for the 1961-1990 data. Compared with breeding zones of other boreal conifers, current optimal breeding zones for white spruce were quite large, spanning up to 3° latitude and 10°-12° longitude and indicating large distances of effective seed transfer. Of the three general circulation models used to simulate future climate, HADCM3 B2 and CGCM2 B2 predicted 2041-2070 breeding zones that largely coincide with 1961-1990 zones. In contrast, CSIRO B2 indicated much narrower 2041-2070 breeding zones. Resume: Les auteurs ont determine des zones optimales damelioration de lepinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) en Ontario pour les conditions climatiques actuelles et futures afin dexaminer les modifications potentielles dues aux changements climatiques. Ces zones ont ete obtenues (i) en determinant un ensemble de zones candidates damelioration a partir des relations entre les variables de performance et le climat et (ii) en utilisant un modele daide a la decision pour choisir un sous-ensemble de zones damelioration maximisant la couverture geographique avec une contrainte quant au nombre maximal de zones. Les zones optimales actuelles damelioration etaient basees sur les normales climatiques de la periode 1961-1990. Les zones futures damelioration etaient basees sur les predictions de trois modeles de circulation generale (GCM2, HADCM3 et CSIRO) pour le climat de la periode 2041-2070. Avec la restriction que la distance reliee a ladaptation ne depasse pas deux fois la plus petite difference significative entre deux sites dune meme zone, 14 zones sont apparues necessaires pour representer adequatement la distribution de lepinette blanche en Ontario durant la periode 1961-1990. Comparativement aux zones damelioration des autres coniferes boreaux, les zones optimales actuelles dame--lioration pour lepinette blanche etaient relativement grandes, couvrant jusqua 3° de latitude et de 10° a 12° de longitude, impliquant de grandes distances pour le transfert effectif des semences. Parmi les trois modeles de circulation generale utilise s pour simuler le climat futur pour la periode 2041-2070, les modeles HADCM3 B2 et CGCM2 B2 predisaient des zones damelioration largement similaires a celles de la periode 1961-1990. A loppose, le modele CSIRO B2 predisait des zones damelioration beaucoup plus etroites. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Ensuring local adaptation of planted sources is of paramount concern in forest regeneration and tree improvement practices. Tree seeds planted outside of their environmental tolerance limits are unable to [...]

Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 20 range-wide black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) provenance trials established from 1973 to 1977. Population response functions based on February minimum temperatures were developed for 23 Ontario and Great Lakes states provenances to predict climate values maximizing height growth for individual seed sources. Site transfer functions based on February maximum temperatures and May maximum temperatures were developed for five test sites to predict climate values maximizing height growth for test locations. Contour lines representing optimal performance were fitted to current (1961-1990) and future (2041-2070) climate grids. For black spruce seed sources from the east of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, optimal height growth was achieved between 45° and 47°N; for the western sources optimal performance moved north between 46° and 48°N. In eastern Ontario, height growth of northern sources may increase with transfer to warmer environments and with future temperature increases. Central sources are currently growing at or close to optimum and will be negatively affected by increased future temperatures. Southern sources may currently benefit from transfer to cooler environments, and the effects of global warming may cause significant height growth loss and the potential extirpation of local populations. Des donnees de hauteur, de diametre et de survie ont ete obtenues pour 20 tests de provenances d' epinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) etablis entre 1973 et 1977 a travers l'aire naturelle de repartition de cette essence. Des fonctions de response de la population bases sur la temperature minimum en fevrier ont ete developpees pour 23 provenances de l'Ontario et des Grands Lacs afin de predire les valeurs du climat qui maximisent la croissance en hauteur de provenances individuelles. Des fonctions de transfert de site basees sur la temperature maximum en fevrier et la temperature maximum en mai ont ete developpees pour cinq sites d'essai afin de predire les valeurs du climat qui maximisent la croissance en hauteur dans les sites d'essai. Des lignes de contour correspondant a la performance optimale ont ete ajustees aux grilles climatiques actuelles (1961-1990) et futures (2041-2070). Dans le cas des provenances d'epinette noire de l'est des lacs Superieur et Huron, la croissance optimale en hauteur survenait entre le 45 et 47°N; dans le cas des provenances de l'ouest, la performance optimale survenait plus au nord entre le 46 et 48° N. Dans l'est de l'Ontario, la croissance en hauteur des provenances nordiques pourrait augmenter en effectuant un transfert vers des milieux plus chauds ou a cause de l'augmentation future de la temperature. Les provenances centrales croissent presentement de facon optimale ou presque et seront affectees negativement par l'augmentation future de la temperature. Les provenances meridionales pourraient des maintenant beneficier d'un transfert vers des milieux plus froids et les effets du rechauffement global pourraient engendrer une perte significative de croissance en hauteur et la disparition potentielle des populations locales. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction The primary force determining the vegetation of a region is climate--in particular temperature, precipitation, and seasonal variation (Adams 2007). Over the next century, increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide [...]

Abstract: Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 16 rangewide jack pine provenance trials in eastern Canada and the United States. Climate data for each seed source and test [...]

Provides guidelines for writing book reviews, particularly for nonfiction works. A checklist of basic elements that are often included in book reviews is given; organization and writing style are discussed; and a sample review is included from the "Canadian Book Review Annual." (four references) (LRW)

The feed water supply for brackish-water reverse osmosis (BWRO) water treatment facilities is commonly obtained from groundwater sources. During pumping, the production aquifer is generally recharged by the underlying aquifer at many facilities. Higher salinity water occurring below the production aquifer leaks upwards, which commonly causes the production aquifer salinity to increase over time. The pumping rate, wellfield design, the transmissivity of the aquifer, the leakance value of the confining unit, and the water quality in the underlying aquifer affect the rate of change in water quality. The Town of Jupiter Reverse Osmosis facility pumps feed water from the upper part of the Floridan Aquifer System. The permitted treatment capacity is 62,281 m³ /d for the reverse osmosis design process, which requires about 77,851 m³ /d of feed water. Consistent with the standard conceptual model of upwards recharge from the underlying aquifer when pumping, analysis of the water quality changes in the production wells indicate that the dissolved chloride concentration in most of the wells is increasing over time. Historically, the dissolved chloride concentration of the feed water has increased by an average of 314 mg/L (605 mg/L TDS) from 2014 to 2019. The average projected dissolved chloride value at the 20-y point is 1,268 mg/L (2,439 mg/L TDS) from 2019 to 2039. Analysis of the dissolved chloride concentration changes in the BWRO production wells indicates that the facility can continue to meet the potable supply water demand over the next 20 y. The BWRO plant was initially designed to treat raw water with a dissolved chloride concentration of up to 2,955 mg/L (5,683 mg/L of TDS). The town has plans to modify the plant process and equipment to allow treatment of feed water up to a concentration of 11,500 ppm TDS (5,980 mg/L of dissolved chloride), which should allow it to sustainably accommodate future water demand as salinity increases in the upper Floridan aquifer raw water supply. The Town of Jupiter BWRO facility provides an example of a successful facility design, operation, and continued planning to adjust for anticipated changes in the feed water quality of a BWRO facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offers a number of practical suggestions to Canadian academic librarians expected to write for publication. Areas discussed include choosing a topic; finding a publisher; collecting data; allowing respondents to comment on manuscript drafts; preparation of manuscripts; joint authorship; expenditures, royalties, and taxes; and publishing contracts. (CLB)